專題強(qiáng)化練(十四)閱讀七選五——段首句類Test1(2024·南京市、鹽城市高三一模)Complainingisoftenlookedatasanegative，butifyouperfectit，greatthingscanhappen.__1__Expertsinsistthattoomuchcomplainingwillloweryourempathy(共鳴)andstopyouachievingyourdreamandlivingthelifeyouwant.Theysuggestthatyoucutoutnegativityfromyourlife，especiallypeoplewhocomplain.__2__Oncewediscoverhowtoeffectivelyintegrateit，greatthingscanhappen.DrRobinKowalskifoundthosewhocomplainwiththehopesofachievingacertainresulttendtobehappier.Complainingalsoinfluenceshowpeopleseeus，createssocialbonds，encouragesempathyandhelpscreaterealchanges.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinourlivesandisaskillthatcanbeextremelyeffective.__3__Soherearesomewaystodealwiththeartofcomplaininginaskillfulway.1．Clarifyandorganizeyourcomplaints.Itwillgetyourcomplaintsacrosstoothersmoreeasily.2．Workoutwhocangiveyouahand.__4__Pickthosewhocanempathizewithyouorhelpwithyourgoal.3．Makeconnectionswithothers.Itwouldbepossibleforpeopletoknowwhatyouneeded.Concludefromspecificthingsabove，andourcomplainingismuchmorelikelytobeusefulandeffective：?Usefactsandlogic.?Identifywhohastheabilitytomakeithappen.?__5__Whateveryourcomplainingis，it'llmakeforyourimprovementwhenusedcorrectlyandeffectively.A．Getridofyourbittercomplaints.B．Don'tcomplaintothesamepeople.C．Actually，complaininghasabadreputation.D．Socializewithotherstomakecomplaintsaccessible.E．However，complainingdoesserveasarealpurposeinourlives.F．Theinfluencesofcomplainingarenotnecessarilybeneficialtousall.G．Ourgoalisnottoremovecomplaining，butmakeitmoreusefulandeffective.【語篇解讀】只要我們對(duì)被看作消極的埋怨進(jìn)行完善的話就會(huì)有美妙的事情發(fā)生。1．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)上文“Complainingisoftenlookedatasanegative，butifyouperfectit，greatthingscanhappen”可知，雖然埋怨被認(rèn)為是不好的，但是假如你對(duì)其進(jìn)行完善的話，其實(shí)埋怨也會(huì)讓好事發(fā)生；依據(jù)空后的“Expertsinsist...livingthelifeyouwant”可知，專家們認(rèn)為埋怨是不好的→對(duì)比選項(xiàng)定答案：C項(xiàng)指出事實(shí)上埋怨的名聲很差，能夠概括本段的主要內(nèi)容且承上啟下。答案：C2．解析：依據(jù)空后的“Oncewediscoverhowtoeffectivelyintegrateit...achievingacertainresulttendtobehappier”可知，一旦我們發(fā)覺如何有效地整合它，美妙的事情就會(huì)發(fā)生。RobinKowalski博士發(fā)覺，那些希望取得某種結(jié)果而埋怨的人往往更快樂。由此可推斷出，埋怨在我們的日常生活中的確有一些作用，E項(xiàng)指出埋怨在生活中的確能發(fā)揮真正的作用，符合語境。答案：E3．解析：依據(jù)空前的“Itplaysaveryimportantroleinourlivesandisaskillthatcanbeextremelyeffective”可知，埋怨在生活中的確很重要；依據(jù)下文中的“Soherearesomewaystodealwiththeartofcomplaininginaskillfulway”可知，空后給出了一些奇妙處理埋怨的方法，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是我們要學(xué)會(huì)正確對(duì)待埋怨。G項(xiàng)指出我們的目的不是消退埋怨，而是讓它更有用、更有效，符合語境。答案：G4．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)空前的“Workoutwhocangiveyouahand”可知，我們要找到能幫助自己的人；依據(jù)空后的“Pickthosewhocanempathizewithyouorhelpwithyourgoal”可知，我們要選擇能夠和自己有同感或幫助自己實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的人進(jìn)行埋怨，空處承上啟下，應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是不要始終對(duì)相同的人進(jìn)行埋怨→對(duì)比選項(xiàng)定答案：B項(xiàng)指出不要始終對(duì)相同的人埋怨，承接上文，引出下文。答案：B5．解析：依據(jù)“Concludefromspecificthingsabove...usefulandeffective”可知，此處是對(duì)上文所列的三條奇妙處理埋怨的方法進(jìn)行一對(duì)一總結(jié)；依據(jù)上文列出的第3條方法“Makeconnectionswithothers...whatyouneeded”可知空處所填的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與社交有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)表示要和別人交往，從而讓埋怨被人理解，符合語境。答案：DTest2(2024·重慶中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研抽測(cè))Therearemanywaystobeastudentleader，whetherit'sthroughthestudentgovernment，academicteams，athleticteams，thearts，orcommunityservice.Ifyouwanttobeagoodleaderinschool，youneedtopracticegoodleadershipqualities.__1__Beagoodcommunicator.__2__Youshouldbeabletoexpressyourselfinaclearwaysothatpeoplearemorelikelytolistentoyou.Beingagoodcommunicatoralsomeanslisteningwell.Agoodleaderwillbewillingtolistentothegroup，andconsiderallopinionswhenmakingdecisions.Haveothershelpwiththework.Youshoulddistributejobsevenlyamonggroupmembers.Everyoneinthegroupwillshoulderpartoftheworkthen.Ifsomeoneisn'tshoulderingtheirshareoftheworkload，privatelydiscussthiswiththem.Inthetalkyoushouldletthemknowyou'rehopingyoucancountonthemtocontributealittlemore.__3__Makefulluseoftheavailableresources.Difficultiesandchallengesareeverywhere.__4__Ifyuodon'tknowtheanswertosomething，ornoticethatsomethingneedstobedonebutyou'renotsurehowtodoityourselves，you'retheonetoconsultyourteachers，coaches，etc，whoareyouravailableresources.__5__Sometimesthewaythingshavebeendoneisoutdatedortheycouldbedoneinabetterway.Youwillbetheonetodecideifacertainruleorpolicyneedstobechanged.Remembertohandleitwithanopenattitude.Ifyou'reabletoadaptanddoyourbesttoworkitout，thenyouhavepartofwhatittakestobeagreatleader!A．Lookbeforeyouleap.B．Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.C．Don'tforgettobeopen-mindedandflexible.D．Learnpublicspeakingskillsandwritingskills.E．Bydoingsoyoucanbringtheteamtogethertoparticipate.F．Thatishowyougainknowledgeaboutbeingagoodleader.G．Agoodleaderknowswhomtoturntowhenhe'sinadifficultsituation.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白一些成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的方法。1．解析：依據(jù)上文的“Therearemany...leadershipqualities”可知，有許多方法可以成為學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖，無論是通過學(xué)生自治會(huì)、學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)、藝術(shù)還是社區(qū)服務(wù)。假如你想在學(xué)校成為一名優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，你須要熬煉良好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)素養(yǎng)，再結(jié)合下文提出的建議可知，空處承上啟下，B選項(xiàng)“這是給你的一些建議”符合語境。答案：B2．解析：依據(jù)下文的“Youshouldbeable...listentoyou”可知，你應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠以一種清楚的方式表達(dá)自己，這樣人們才更有可能聽你的。據(jù)此可知，下文提到了清楚表達(dá)自己，可見本句內(nèi)容與講話和寫作技巧有關(guān)。故D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)公共演講技巧和寫作技巧”符合語境。答案：D3．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)本段空前部分的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要是關(guān)于團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的，空前一句提到了“在談話中，你要讓他們知道你希望他們能多做一點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)”，空處為本段最終一句，應(yīng)承接上文，說明這么做的緣由→對(duì)比選項(xiàng)定答案：E選項(xiàng)“通過這樣做，你可以讓團(tuán)隊(duì)一起參加”符合語境。答案：E4．解析：依據(jù)下文的“Ifyoudon'tknow...whoareyouravailableresources”可知，假如你不知道某件事的答案，或者留意到某件事須要做，但你不知道自己該怎么做，你可以請(qǐng)教你的老師、教練等人，他們是你可用的資源。據(jù)此可知，下文提到了向老師、教練請(qǐng)教，即遇到困難知道找誰求助。故G選項(xiàng)”一個(gè)好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在遇到困難的時(shí)候知道該向誰求助”符合語境。答案：G5．解析：空處為本段小標(biāo)題。依據(jù)該段最終兩句“Remembertohandleitwithanopenattitude...thenyouhavepartofwhatittakestobeagreatleader！”可知，下文提到了“openattitude”和“abletoadapt”，C項(xiàng)中的“open-minded”和“flexible”與其相對(duì)應(yīng)。答案：CTest3[2024·廣州大灣區(qū)普高畢業(yè)班聯(lián)合模擬考試(二)]YoushouldknowthatEnglishLiteratureisoneofthefewcoursesintheworldthatcanhelpyoubetterunderstandtheworldaroundyouandfarfromyou.ThebenefitsofstudyingEnglishLiteratureareasfollows.DevelopingtheabilityofcriticalanalysisBeingamasterofEnglishLiteratureallowsyoutobecriticalwhenanalyzingatext.Evenafterlearning，youwillnoticethatyoucriticallyanalyseeverytextyouread，evenwhenitdoesnotdemandit.__1__．Ithelpsyouthinkdeeplyaboutdifferentsituationsanddecisionsbeforemakingthem.CreatingbroaderopportunitiesUnderstandingEnglishLiteraturesuggeststhatyourknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageisatfullcapacitycreatingawiderrangeofopportunitiesforthelearner.__2__．Forexample，thereareoversixty-sevendifferentcountrieswithEnglishastheirlinguafranca(通用語)，whichmeansthatthereareopportunitiesopeninthesecountriesforpeoplewithknowledgeofEnglishLiterature.__3__TheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustthewaywespeakandamannerofcommunicating.Therearein-depthmeaningsastohowthestructuringandpronunciationsintheEnglishlanguagework.InstudyingliteraryEnglish，youaresuretoseethesedeepertechnicalitiessurroundingtheEnglishlanguage，helpingyouunderstandbettertheuseofthelanguage.Improvingtheabilityofbriefwriting__4__．Inlearning，reading，andanalyzing，oneisboundtotakenotestokeepupwiththeiranalysisofatext.Thisactsubconsciously(下意識(shí)地)helpstomakeanylearnerofliteraryEnglishabetterwriterthanbeforetheystartedlearning.GettingtoknowhistoricalandculturalknowledgeReadingclassicEnglishLiteratureistheshortestandeasiestwaytolearnbothhistoryandcultureofpeopleandplaces.Youarealwayssurprisedwhenyoufindtheconnectionbetweentherealfactsandthestoryoftheclassicliteratureyouread.__5__A．ExistingeverywhereforalongtimeB．HavingagoodcommandofEnglishC．YoucanusethisskillinotherareasoflifeD．YouarenotlimitedinthechoicesyoumakeE．Amongotherthings，itmakesyouabetterwriterF．Likeeveryotherskill，criticalthinkingtakespracticeG．Itendsupbeingasortofachievementinyourlearning【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學(xué)習(xí)英語文學(xué)帶來的五個(gè)好處：發(fā)展批判思維、創(chuàng)建更多機(jī)會(huì)、駕馭好英語、提高英語寫作實(shí)力、獲得文史學(xué)問。1．解析：空出為段中句。依據(jù)空格前兩句內(nèi)容“BeingamasterofEnglishLiteratureallowsyoutobecriticalwhenanalyzingatext.Evenafterlearning，youwillnoticethatyoucriticallyanalyseeverytextyouread，evenwhenitdoesnotdemandit.(作為一名英國(guó)文學(xué)碩士，你可以在分析一篇文章時(shí)持批判看法。即使在學(xué)習(xí)之后，你也會(huì)留意到你批判性地分析了你讀過的每一篇文章，即使它不須要你這樣做)”得知精通EnglishLiterature可以讓人具備批判性思維，空格后一句“Ithelpsyouthinkdeeplyaboutdifferentsituationsanddecisionsbeforemakingthem.(它可以幫助你在做出確定之前深化思索不同的狀況和確定)”提到differentsituationsanddecisions，這與C選項(xiàng)中的inotherareasoflife相匹配。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“你可以在生活的其他領(lǐng)域運(yùn)用這個(gè)技能”符合語境。答案：C2．解析：依據(jù)空格前一段“UnderstandingEnglishLiteraturesuggeststhatyourknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageisatfullcapacitycreatingawiderrangeofopportunitiesforthelearner.(理解英國(guó)文學(xué)表明你的英語語言學(xué)問是充分發(fā)揮的，為學(xué)習(xí)者創(chuàng)建了更廣泛的機(jī)會(huì))”中的“awiderrangeofopportunities”以及后一句“Forexample，thereareoversixty-sevendifferentcountrieswithEnglishastheirlinguafranca(通用語)，whichmeansthatthereareopportunitiesopeninthesecountriesforpeoplewithknowledgeofEnglishLiterature.(例如，有超過67個(gè)不同的國(guó)家將英語作為他們的通用語，這意味著在這些國(guó)家有機(jī)會(huì)為具有英國(guó)文學(xué)學(xué)問的人開放)”可知，面對(duì)67個(gè)英語國(guó)家的眾多機(jī)會(huì)，你所做的選擇并不受限制，因此推斷D項(xiàng)“你所做的選擇不受限制”符合句意。答案：D3．解析：依據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“TheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustthewaywespeakandamannerofcommunicating.Therearein-depthmeaningsastohowthestructuringandpronunciationsintheEnglishlanguagework.InstudyingliteraryEnglish，youaresuretoseethesedeepertechnicalitiessurroundingtheEnglishlanguage，helpingyouunderstandbettertheuseofthelanguage.(英語不僅僅是我們說話和溝通的方式。英語語言的結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音是如何起作用的，有著深刻的意義。在學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)英語的過程中，你確定會(huì)看到這些圍繞英語語言的更深層次的專業(yè)術(shù)語，幫助你更好地理解語言的運(yùn)用)”可以推斷出該段主要講解并描述學(xué)習(xí)EnglishLiterature可以幫助人們更好地理解英語這門語言，更好地駕馭英語。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“精通英語”為最近標(biāo)題。答案：B4．解析：依據(jù)本段的標(biāo)題“Improvingtheabilityofbriefwriting(提高短文寫作實(shí)力)”并結(jié)合后文的“Thisactsubconsciously(下意識(shí)地)helpstomakeanylearnerofliteraryEnglishabetterwriterthanbeforetheystartedlearning.(這種下意識(shí)的行為有助于使任何文學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)者成為比他們起先學(xué)習(xí)之前更好的作家)”可知，學(xué)習(xí)英語文學(xué)有助于我們成為更好的writer，因此E項(xiàng)“除此之外，它會(huì)讓你成為一個(gè)更好的作家”，符合語境，故選E。答案：E5．解析：結(jié)合本段標(biāo)題“Gettingtoknowhistoricalandculturalknowledge(了解歷史文化學(xué)問)”和段中內(nèi)容“ReadingclassicEnglishLiteratureistheshortestandeasiestwaytolearnbothhistoryandcultureofpeopleandplaces.Youarealwayssurprisedwhenyoufindtheconnectionbetweentherealfactsandthestoryoftheclassicliteratureyouread.(閱讀經(jīng)典的英國(guó)文學(xué)是學(xué)習(xí)人和地方的歷史和文化的最短和最簡(jiǎn)潔的方法。當(dāng)你發(fā)覺真實(shí)的事實(shí)和你所讀的經(jīng)典文學(xué)故事之間的聯(lián)系時(shí)，你總是會(huì)感到驚異)”可知，讀文學(xué)經(jīng)典作品可以了解文史學(xué)問，進(jìn)而發(fā)覺真實(shí)的事實(shí)和你所讀的經(jīng)典文學(xué)故事之間的聯(lián)系，這些都可以看作是“achievement”，因此，G選項(xiàng)“它最終會(huì)成為你學(xué)習(xí)中的一種成就”符合上下句的邏輯關(guān)系。答案：GTest4(2024·武漢武昌區(qū)高三質(zhì)檢)Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit：Wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet，whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplythecoldwindofcriticismtoothers，wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.__1__Perhapsit'sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead，weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction，directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly.It'sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.__2__Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright？Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs：gasstationattendants，waitresses—evenhousewives.__3__Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives，surelysheshouldgethermeasure.__4__Itonlytakesamoment'sthoughtandamoment'seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment，orfiveminutestowriteanappreciativeletter.