專題03被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)01品讀語(yǔ)篇初識(shí)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.Allvisitorstothistown①are

treatedwithkindness.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.Thetownlifehaschangedgreatlysince1992.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhich②were

thrown

awayinthepast.TheTownHallwhich③was

completedinthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthetownandalotoffactories④have

been

set

up.Thechurchtowerwhich⑤is

being

restoredwillbeopentotouristssoon,becausethework⑥will

be

finished.1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/are＋過(guò)去分詞，如加黑處____。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：was/were＋過(guò)去分詞，如加黑處_____。3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/arebeing＋過(guò)去分詞，如加黑處_____。4．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeen＋過(guò)去分詞，如加黑處______。5．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：will/shallbe＋過(guò)去分詞，如加黑處_____。①②③⑤④⑥02要義詳析探究語(yǔ)法一、基本知識(shí)(一)概念語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)通常分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。(二)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be本身無(wú)詞義，但有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。(三)用法1．講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。(這時(shí)可省略by短語(yǔ))*Mybikewas

stolenlastnight.我的自行車昨晚被偷了。2．借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的受動(dòng)者。*Thebikewas

knocked

downbyanaughtyboy.這輛自行車被一個(gè)調(diào)皮的小男孩撞倒了。3．為使句子更加合理、流暢。*Theplanwas

supportedbythosewhowishedtoliveonthecampus.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃得到了希望住在校內(nèi)的人的支持。4．習(xí)慣用法的需要。這類詞常見(jiàn)的有born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate等。*Hewas

borninChinain2017.他于2017年出生在中國(guó)。[即時(shí)演練1]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Ifnothing_______(do)，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.(2)Theoldtower_________(build)in1976andisnowstillinagoodstate.(3)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants_______________(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.isdonewasbuiltareinterviewed二、形式時(shí)態(tài)名稱被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were＋過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall＋be＋過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would＋be＋過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋been＋過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋been＋過(guò)去分詞*Theboyis

often

heardtoplaythepiano.人們經(jīng)常聽到這個(gè)男孩彈鋼琴。*Shewas

seentoenterthehall.有人看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)了大廳。*Anewhousewill

be

builtbyusnextyear.明年我們要建一棟新房子。*Theproblemis

being

discussedatthemeeting.會(huì)議上正在討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。*Ameetingwas

being

heldwhenIarrivedthere.我到那兒時(shí)，正在開會(huì)。*Alltheseflowershave

been

watered.這些花都澆過(guò)了。*Thebuildinghad

been

completedbeforeIarrivedthere.在我到那之前那座建筑就已竣工了。*Thesebooksmay

be

keptfortwoweeks.這些書可以借兩周。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用get來(lái)代替?！癵et＋過(guò)去分詞”一般用來(lái)談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事件，只表示動(dòng)作，不表示狀態(tài)。*Shegot

hurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受傷了。[溫馨提示][即時(shí)演練2]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itissaidthatthisnewshop_________(build)inourschoollastyear.(2)Aconcert____________(hold)soonatwhichtheworksofLisztwillbeplayed.(3)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone________(hurt).wasbuiltwillbeheldwashurt三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1．以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞(1)表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞，如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、prove不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其后接形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)含義。*Thefoodtastes

delicious.這食物味道鮮美。*Thecottonfeels

soft.棉花摸上去很軟。(2)表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性或特征的動(dòng)詞，如open、shut、lock、sell、write、wash、start習(xí)慣上以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常伴有一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)。*Thiskindofclothwashes

well.這種布好洗。*Theenginewon'tstart.引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。(3)need、want、require、deserve等動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后的v.-ing形式表示被動(dòng)含義。*Theplanrequired

discussing.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要討論。2．不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(1)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：appear、die、disappear、rise、end、fail、happen、last、remain、spread、breakout、cometrue、fallasleep、loseheart、takeplace等。*Thepricehas

risen.價(jià)格升高了。*Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上周發(fā)生的。

要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就需注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些動(dòng)詞是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。[溫馨提示](2)有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：fit、have、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch、agreewith、arriveat/in、shakehandswith、succeedin、sufferfrom、happento、takepartin、walkinto、belongto。*Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙適合這把鎖。*Yourstoryagrees

withwhatheheard.你的故事與他聽到的相符。[即時(shí)演練3]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Thischeese___________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.(2)Theflowersinthegardenneed________(water).(3)Youridea______(sound)agoodone.

doesn'tcutwateringsounds03課堂微練即時(shí)檢驗(yàn)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thelittlehome___________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.2．And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood__________(need).3．Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulations__________________(employ)onlysincethemid-1980s.4．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.waspaintedwasneededhavebeenemployedarecalled5．Whenfatandsalt___________(remove)fromfood,thefood______(taste)asifitismissingsomething.6．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).7．Itmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).areremovedtasteswasbuiltisconstructed8．Mywashingmachine_________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.9．Shewassaid____________________(charge)withdrunkdriving.10．Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we____________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.isbeingrepairedisbeingrepairedwereinvitedⅡ.語(yǔ)法與寫作(用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成句子)1．據(jù)報(bào)道，濟(jì)南正在建造一些新的地鐵線路。Itis