PAGE1PAGE2進(jìn)階練20完形填空（最新模擬卷）專練（解析版）學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________一、完形填空（2023·上海普陀·統(tǒng)考二模）“Challenge-basedlearningisoftenfocusedonthechallengesthathaveglobalimpact.Thestudents,who1thechallenge,oftendon’tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe.Thefacilitatoriskeepingthemfrom2asolutiontooearly,andencouragestoanalyzethechallengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives,”saysVilmaSukacke,aresearcheratKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU),Lithuania.Suchalearningapproachisveryfittingtosustainabilityeducation,which,accordingtovariousscholars,3acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科),collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment.Inotherwords,educatorshaveto4frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructionaldesignersofstudent-centrededucation.Aimingtoevaluatethe5ofsuchapproaches,agroupofresearchersfromLithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematicliteraturereview,6thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemandchallenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,andevaluation)framework.7theeducatorsagreethatproblem-basedlearning(PBL),project-basedlearning(PJBL)and,morerecently,challenge-basedlearning(CBL)areefficientinteachingthestudentsto8technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(橫向)skills,suchasteamwork,communicationandconflictresolution,theapplicationofthesemethodsintheclassroommaybechallengingforbothsides.“Inmypractice,Ihavenoticedthatsometimesstudentsare9innovativelearningmethodsandareconsideringthemasasortofagame.Astheseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplayfullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks,it’sdifficultforthestudentstotakethem10.Therefore,it’sveryimportantto11themethodsandthegoalstothelearnersveryclearly,”saysProfessorSaulePetronienefromKTUFacultyofSocialSciences,ArtsandHumanities,aco-authorofthestudy.Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengeforabeginningteacher.However,thiseffort12,especiallywhenstudentscontinuetheiractivitiesoutsideschoolandfocusonsolving13socialproblems.Rescarchersbelievethatthe14ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning.Inthisprocess,bothteachersandstudentsneedtoapplynewskillsand15rolesthattheymightnothaveneededbefore.1．A．a(chǎn)llow B．introduce C．a(chǎn)ccept D．expect2．A．carryingon B．focusingon C．a(chǎn)pplyingfor D．inquiringabout3．A．caresabout B．tellsof C．turnsto D．callsfor4．A．shift B．differ C．suffer D．learn5．A．outcome B．efficiency C．impact D．value6．A．exploring B．a(chǎn)pplying C．modifying D．explaining7．A．Whether B．Aslongas C．Although D．Because8．A．develop B．include C．a(chǎn)ssociate D．integrate9．A．a(chǎn)pproving B．questioning C．preventing D．a(chǎn)dopting10．A．a(chǎn)ffectionately B．calmly C．seriously D．coolly11．A．transfer B．change C．communicate D．express12．A．paysoff B．goesaway C．givesoff D．breaksdown13．A．subjective B．real C．imaginary D．virtual14．A．combination B．organization C．realization D．cooperation15．A．takeon B．putaway C．sendfor D．dealwith【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A5．B6．A7．C8．D9．B10．C11．C12．A13．B14．C15．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是基于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和對(duì)此進(jìn)行的相關(guān)研究。1．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：接受挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)生往往不知道解決方案是什么。A.allow允許；B.introduce介紹；C.accept接受；D.expect期待。根據(jù)下文“oftendon’tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe”可知，句子表示“接受挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)生往往不知道解決方案是什么”，空格處意為“接受”。故選C。2．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：立陶宛考納斯理工大學(xué)的研究員VilmaSukacke說:“引導(dǎo)者阻止他們過早地把注意力集中在解決方案上，并鼓勵(lì)他們從多個(gè)角度、從不同的科學(xué)角度分析挑戰(zhàn)?！盇.carryingon繼續(xù)；B.focusingon集中于；C.applyingfor申請(qǐng)；D.inquiringabout詢問。根據(jù)下文“encouragestoanalyzethechallengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives”可知，句子表示“引導(dǎo)者阻止他們過早地把注意力集中在解決方案上”。故選B。3．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這種學(xué)習(xí)方法非常適合可持續(xù)發(fā)展教育，根據(jù)許多學(xué)者的說法，可持續(xù)發(fā)展教育需要一個(gè)情境化的、問題導(dǎo)向的、反思的、跨學(xué)科的、協(xié)作的、參與式的和賦權(quán)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。A.caresabout關(guān)心；B.tellsof講述；C.turnsto求助于；D.callsfor要求。根據(jù)下文“acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科),collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment”可知，句子表示“根據(jù)許多學(xué)者的說法，可持續(xù)發(fā)展教育需要一個(gè)情境化的、問題導(dǎo)向的、反思的、跨學(xué)科的、協(xié)作的、參與式的和賦權(quán)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境”。故選D。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：換句話說，教育工作者必須從傳統(tǒng)的以教師為中心的教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詫W(xué)生為中心的教育的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)師。A.shift轉(zhuǎn)變；B.differ不同；C.suffer遭受；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)下文“frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructionaldesignersofstudent-centrededucation”可知，句子表示“教育工作者必須從傳統(tǒng)的以教師為中心的教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詫W(xué)生為中心的教育的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)師”。故選A。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了評(píng)估這些方法的有效性，一組來自立陶宛、丹麥、德國、葡萄牙和西班牙大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的文獻(xiàn)綜述，探索了三種主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)方法，即根據(jù)ADDIE（分析、設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)、實(shí)現(xiàn)和評(píng)估）框架進(jìn)行基于項(xiàng)目、問題和挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)。A.outcome結(jié)果；B.efficiency效率；C.impact影響；D.value價(jià)值。根據(jù)下文“agroupofresearchersfromLithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematicliteraturereview,_____6_____thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemandchallenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,andevaluation)framework”可知，句子表示“為了評(píng)估這些方法的有效性，一組來自立陶宛、丹麥、德國、葡萄牙和西班牙大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的文獻(xiàn)綜述”。故選B。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了評(píng)估這些方法的有效性，一組來自立陶宛、丹麥、德國、葡萄牙和西班牙大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的文獻(xiàn)綜述，探索了三種主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)方法，即根據(jù)ADDIE（分析、設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)、實(shí)現(xiàn)和評(píng)估）框架進(jìn)行基于項(xiàng)目、問題和挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)。A.exploring探索；B.applying應(yīng)用；C.modifying修改；D.explaining解釋。根據(jù)下文“thethreeactivelearningmethods”可知，此處表示“探索了三種主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)方法”。故選A。7．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然教育工作者都認(rèn)為基于問題的學(xué)習(xí)、基于項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)以及最近的基于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)在教授學(xué)生將技術(shù)整合到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情境中并提高他們的橫向技能（如團(tuán)隊(duì)合作、溝通和解決沖突）方面是有效的，但這些方法在課堂上的應(yīng)用可能對(duì)雙方都具有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.Whether是否；B.Aslongas只要；C.Although雖然；D.Because因?yàn)?。根?jù)下文“theapplicationofthesemethodsintheclassroommaybechallengingforbothsides”可知，句子表示“雖然教育工作者都認(rèn)為基于問題的學(xué)習(xí)、基于項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)以及最近的基于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)在教授學(xué)生將技術(shù)整合到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情境中并提高他們的橫向技能（如團(tuán)隊(duì)合作、溝通和解決沖突）方面是有效的，但這些方法在課堂上的應(yīng)用可能對(duì)雙方都具有挑戰(zhàn)性”，空格處意為“雖然”，是although，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選C。8．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然教育工作者都認(rèn)為基于問題的學(xué)習(xí)、基于項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)以及最近的基于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)習(xí)在教授學(xué)生將技術(shù)整合到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情境中并提高他們的橫向技能（如團(tuán)隊(duì)合作、溝通和解決沖突）方面是有效的，但這些方法在課堂上的應(yīng)用可能對(duì)雙方都具有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.develop發(fā)展；B.include包括；C.associate聯(lián)系；D.integrate（使）合并。根據(jù)下文“technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(橫向)skills”可知，句子表示“將技術(shù)整合到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情境中并提高他們的橫向技能”。故選D。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的實(shí)踐中，我注意到有時(shí)學(xué)生會(huì)質(zhì)疑創(chuàng)新的學(xué)習(xí)方法，并將其視為一種游戲。A.approving批準(zhǔn)；B.questioning質(zhì)疑；C.preventing阻止；D.adopting采用。根據(jù)下文“consideringthemasasortofagame”可知，句子表示“有時(shí)學(xué)生會(huì)質(zhì)疑創(chuàng)新的學(xué)習(xí)方法”。故選B。10．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這些課程通常是在一個(gè)充滿游戲的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的，充滿了不同的鉛筆，彩色的筆記和積木，學(xué)生很難把它們當(dāng)回事。A.affectionately親切地；B.calmly平靜地；C.seriously認(rèn)真地；D.coolly冷靜地。根據(jù)上文“theseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplayfullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks”可知，句子表示“由于這些課程通常是在一個(gè)充滿游戲的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的，充滿了不同的鉛筆，彩色的筆記和積木，學(xué)生很難把它們當(dāng)回事”，takesth.seriously意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事”。故選C。11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，將方法和目標(biāo)清楚地傳達(dá)給學(xué)習(xí)者是非常重要的。A.transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；B.change改變；C.communicate傳達(dá)，傳遞；D.express表達(dá)。根據(jù)下文“themethodsandthegoalstothelearnersveryclearly”可知，此處表示“將方法和目標(biāo)清楚地傳達(dá)給學(xué)習(xí)者”。故選C。12．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然而，這種努力是有回報(bào)的，尤其是當(dāng)學(xué)生們繼續(xù)在校外活動(dòng)，專注于解決真正的社會(huì)問題時(shí)。A.paysoff得到回報(bào)；B.goesaway走開；C.givesoff發(fā)出；D.breaksdown出故障。根據(jù)上文“Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengeforabeginningteacher.However”和however表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處表示“然而，這種努力是有回報(bào)的，尤其是當(dāng)學(xué)生們繼續(xù)在校外活動(dòng)，專注于解決真正的社會(huì)問題時(shí)”。故選A。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這種努力是有回報(bào)的，尤其是當(dāng)學(xué)生們繼續(xù)在校外活動(dòng)，專注于解決真正的社會(huì)問題時(shí)。A.subjective主觀的；B.real真正的；C.imaginary虛構(gòu)的；D.virtual虛擬的。根據(jù)下文“socialproblems”可知，此處表示“解決真正的社會(huì)問題”。故選B。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究者認(rèn)為，CBL、PJBL和PBL的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要范式轉(zhuǎn)變，組織、員工和學(xué)生改變對(duì)教育和學(xué)習(xí)的看法。A.combination結(jié)合；B.organization組織；C.realization實(shí)現(xiàn)；D.cooperation合作。根據(jù)下文“ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning”可知，CBL、PJBL和PBL的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要范式轉(zhuǎn)變，故選C。15．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：在這個(gè)過程中，老師和學(xué)生都需要應(yīng)用新的技能，承擔(dān)他們以前可能不需要的角色。A.takeon承擔(dān)；B.putaway放好；C.sendfor派人去叫；D.dealwith處理。根據(jù)下文“rolesthattheymightnothaveneededbefore”可知，此處表示“承擔(dān)他們以前可能不需要的角色”。故選A。（2023春·上海·高三上海市大同中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）‘Guilty’Pleasures?NoSuchThingWeknowthemwhenweseethem:TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.Thetrashybookswesimplycan’t16.Theawfulearwormswehatetolove.Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures—whatsomepeopleconsiderthe17foodinourmediadiets.Butifweenjoythem,whyshouldwefeel18?Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!Andasitturnsout,theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus,solongasthey’reenjoyedin19.Takingamentalbreakandenjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual20getsusoutofproblem-solvingmode,saidRobinNabi,aprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whospecializesinmediaeffectsandemotion.Itcanalsoimproveourabilitytoproductivelydealwithstressorsandhelpus21morepositivelywithotherpeople.Ifthat’strue,thenwhydoguiltypleasuresgetsuchabad22?Well,it’snottheaddictionitself,butthe23wehavewhentalkingaboutthem.However,accordingtoexpertslikeDr.Nabi,feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(貶低)activitiesweenjoycan24thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我強(qiáng)加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives,whichiswhyit’stimetoremove“guiltypleasure”fromourcollective25.Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(產(chǎn)生共鳴的),”Dr.Nabisaid.Headdedthattheconnectionswemakewithotherswhoshareourinterestsinsuchthings“isnottobe26.”27,talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.Beingabletotalk28aboutwhatweloveismorethanjustawaytospendthetime.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou,thenwhatelseareyou29yourselfandothers.Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.Thoughguiltcanenhancepleasureinsomecases,itcanalsopushustoindulge(沉溺)in30wefeelguiltyaboutinothers.16．A．turndown B．takein C．tearapart D．putdown17．A．junk B．sugary C．spiritual D．transformative18．A．relaxed B．guilty C．helpless D．a(chǎn)lert19．A．mass B．moderation C．minimum D．depression20．A．focus B．superiority C．quality D．development21．A．struggle B．charge C．engage D．persevere22．A．breakup B．principle C．condition D．reputation23．A．consciousness B．obligation C．a(chǎn)ttitudes D．requirements24．A．switch B．receive C．claim D．decrease25．A．vocabulary B．experience C．recognition D．target26．A．established B．underestimated C．found D．strengthened27．A．Inaddition B．Onthecontrary C．Allinall D．Therefore28．A．enthusiastically B．casually C．openly D．politely29．A．drivingaway B．insistingon C．pushingforward D．keepingfrom30．A．theories B．behaviors C．problems D．relationships【答案】16．D17．A18．B19．B20．A21．C22．D23．C24．D25．A26．B27．A28．C29．D30．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了事實(shí)證明，只要適度享受，這些所謂的“有罪的快感”對(duì)我們是有好處的。16．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我們根本放不下那些垃圾書。A.turndown拒絕；B.takein吸收；C.tearapart撕破；D.putdown放下。根據(jù)“TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”可知，此處表示因?yàn)橄矚g垃圾書，所以根本放不下它們。故選D。17．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：是的，這些都是我們的有罪的快感——有些人認(rèn)為是我們媒體飲食中的垃圾食品。A.junk垃圾；B.sugary含糖的；C.spiritual精神上的；D.transformative有改革能力的。根據(jù)上文的“eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”、“Thetrashybooks”和“Theawfulearworms”可知，此處指垃圾食品。故選A。18．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但如果我們喜歡它們，我們?yōu)槭裁匆械接凶飷焊心兀緼.relaxed放松的；B.guilty有罪惡感的；C.helpless無助的；D.alert警覺的。根據(jù)上文的“Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures”可知，此處提出疑問“既然喜歡，為什么要有罪惡感？”故選B。19．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)證明，只要適度享受，這些所謂的“有罪”的快感實(shí)際上對(duì)我們有好處。A.mass大量；B.moderation適度；C.minimum最小值；D.depression抑郁。根據(jù)“Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!”和“theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus”可知，只要適度的喜歡，這些有罪的快感對(duì)我們是有好處的。故選B。20．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校(UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara)專門研究媒體效應(yīng)和情感的傳播學(xué)教授羅賓·納比(RobinNabi)說，讓精神休息一下，享受一些不需要高度專注于智力的事情，可以讓我們擺脫解決問題的模式。A.focus關(guān)注；B.superiority優(yōu)勢；C.quality質(zhì)量；D.development發(fā)展。根據(jù)“enjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual”可知，此處表示享受一些不需要高度專注于智力的事情。故選A。21．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它還可以提高我們有效處理壓力源的能力，幫助我們更積極地與他人交往。A.struggle奮斗；B.charge收費(fèi)；C.engage從事；D.persevere堅(jiān)持不懈。engagewith為固定短語，表示“與……交往，建立友好關(guān)系”。故選C。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這是真的，那么為什么有罪的快感會(huì)有這么壞的名聲呢？A.breakup破裂；B.principle原則；C.condition條件；D.reputation名聲。根據(jù)“bad”和“Well,it’snottheaddictionitself”可知，有罪的快感有壞的名聲。故選D。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：問題不在于上癮本身，而在于我們談?wù)撋习a時(shí)的態(tài)度。A.consciousness意識(shí)，知；B.obligation義務(wù)；C.attitudes態(tài)度；D.requirements要求。此處表示表明，罪惡的快感有壞的名聲，是我們談?wù)撍膽B(tài)度有問題。故選C。24．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，根據(jù)納比博士等專家的說法，對(duì)我們喜歡的活動(dòng)感到內(nèi)疚或貶低會(huì)減少它們給我們帶來的好處，而擺脫對(duì)我們的興趣的自我強(qiáng)加的尷尬可以增強(qiáng)和豐富我們的社交生活，這就是為什么是時(shí)候把“有罪的快感”從我們的集體詞匯中刪除了。A.switch交換；B.receive接收；C.claim聲稱；D.decrease減少。根據(jù)“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(貶低)activitiesweenjoy”可知，對(duì)我們喜歡的活動(dòng)感到內(nèi)疚或貶低會(huì)減少它們給我們帶來的好處。故選D。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.vocabulary詞匯；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.recognition識(shí)別；D.target目標(biāo)。根據(jù)上文“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(貶低)activitiesweenjoycan9thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我強(qiáng)加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives”可知，對(duì)我們喜歡的活動(dòng)感到內(nèi)疚或貶低會(huì)減少它們給我們帶來的好處，而擺脫對(duì)我們的興趣的自我強(qiáng)加的尷尬可以增強(qiáng)和豐富我們的社交生活，因此要把“有罪的快感”從集體詞匯中刪除。故選A。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他補(bǔ)充說，我們與在這類事情上有共同興趣的人建立的聯(lián)系“不可低估”。A.established建立；B.underestimated低估；C.found找到；D.strengthened加強(qiáng)。根據(jù)上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(產(chǎn)生共鳴的),”Dr.Nabisaid.”可知，我們與在這類事情上有共同興趣的人建立的聯(lián)系“不可低估”。故選B。27．考查介詞短語和副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，談?wù)撐覀兿矚g什么可以減輕任何剩余的內(nèi)疚感，使我們更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)更多給我們帶來快樂的東西。A.Inaddition此外；B.Onthecontrary相反；C.Allinall總而言之；D.Therefore因此。上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.”是在講有罪的快感給我們帶來的好處，空后內(nèi)容繼續(xù)說明好處，二者是并列的關(guān)系。故選A。28．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：能夠公開地談?wù)撐覀兊乃鶒鄄粌H僅是一種消磨時(shí)間的方式。A.enthusiastically熱情地；B.casually隨意地；C.openly公開地；D.politely有禮貌地。根據(jù)“talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.”可知，此處說明公開談?wù)撐覀兊乃鶒蹘淼暮锰?。故選C。29．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：畢竟，如果你覺得你不能誠實(shí)地說出什么電視節(jié)目讓你高興，那么你還對(duì)自己和他人隱瞞了什么呢？A.drivingaway趕走；B.insistingon堅(jiān)持；C.pushingforward推進(jìn)；D.keepingfrom隱瞞。根據(jù)“ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou”可知，如果你覺得你不能誠實(shí)地說出什么電視節(jié)目讓你高興，那么你對(duì)自己和他人就會(huì)有所隱瞞。故選D。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然內(nèi)疚在某些情況下可以增加快樂，但它也會(huì)促使我們沉迷于我們?cè)谄渌闆r下感到內(nèi)疚的行為。A.theories理論；B.behaviors行為；C.problems問題；D.relationships關(guān)系。根據(jù)“Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.”可知，任何事情都要適度，因?yàn)樽飷旱目旄袝?huì)促使我們沉迷于我們?cè)谄渌闆r下感到內(nèi)疚的行為。故選B。（2023·上?！ど虾Ｊ薪ㄆ街袑W(xué)校考三模）Foryears,psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals,butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtowork31acrosstasks,eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthe32oftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestionandtheybelievetheyfinally33whatmakessometeamssuccessful.IntheGooglestudyresearcherscollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandcombedthroughthemtryingtofind34.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork?Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogether35?Doesgendermakeadifference?Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatternstosupportthem.Infact,whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference;36,thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieinthe37amongthemembers.Amongthefindings,themostsignificantisthat,ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofa38.Asecondfindingwasthatmembersdisplayedempathy,anunderstandingofhowitmightfeeltowalkinsomeoneelse’sshoes.Therewereadditionalfindingsthatsupportthesegeneralones.39,ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,andtheyuseenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Theyalsocommunicate40withoneanother,notjustthroughtheleaderormanagerofthegroup.Infact,thestudyfoundthatsideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings,farfrombeinga41,actuallyincreasedthegroup’sproductivity.Allthefindings42theimportanceofhavingface-to-facemeetingsinsteadofphonecalls,teleconferences,oremailcommunications.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurprimarilyorexclusivelyinface-to-faceinteraction.Onemight43thatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheseprinciples.Oursocialandprofessionallives,however,arenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparently44effectivegroupperformance.Understandinggroup45canhelpbusinessesandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.31．A．poorly B．intensively C．fantastically D．dominantly32．A．quality B．sum C．role D．trace33．A．marvelat B．lookinto C．figureout D．delightin34．A．behaviors B．fulfillment C．diagnosis D．patterns35．A．best B．onaverage C．belowaverage D．worst36．A．furthermore B．instead C．consequently D．obviously37．A．persuasion B．imitation C．interaction D．moderation38．A．regulation B．project C．scale D．transition39．A．Forexample B．Onthecontrary C．Inotherwords D．Intheory40．A．roughly B．steadily C．neutrally D．directly41．A．distraction B．isolation C．supervision D．exhaustion42．A．overlook B．highlight C．dedicate D．categorize43．A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．a(chǎn)rgue C．command D．regret44．A．reverses B．stocks C．underlines D．captures45．A．perspective B．performance C．persistence D．intelligence【答案】31．C32．B33．C34．D35．A36．B37．C38．B39．A40．D41．A42．B43．B44．C45．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了心理學(xué)家對(duì)群體智力的研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)。31．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)概念源于這樣一種觀察，即一些團(tuán)隊(duì)似乎可以難以置信地跨任務(wù)工作，甚至是不太相似的任務(wù)。A.poorly差地；B.intensively密集地；C.fantastically難以置信地；D.dominantly占主導(dǎo)地位地。根據(jù)下文“eventasksthatarenotverysimilar”及“Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?”可知，此處指一些團(tuán)隊(duì)似乎可以難以置信地跨任務(wù)工作。故選C。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：早期的研究表明，群體智力并不是群體中個(gè)體智力的總和。A.quality質(zhì)量；B.sum總和；C.role角色；D.trace痕跡。根據(jù)空后“theintelligenceoftheindividualsinit”可知，此處指群體中個(gè)體智力的總和。故選B。33．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：谷歌的研究人員已經(jīng)解決了這個(gè)問題，他們相信他們最終找到了一些團(tuán)隊(duì)成功的原因。A.marvelat驚嘆；B.lookinto調(diào)查；C.figureout弄清楚；D.delightin喜歡。根據(jù)上文“Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?”及“ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion”可知，此處指谷歌的研究人員相信他們最終弄清楚了一些團(tuán)隊(duì)成功的原因。故選C。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在谷歌的研究中，研究人員收集了數(shù)百個(gè)群體的數(shù)千個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，并對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了梳理，試圖找到模式。A.behaviors行為；B.fulfillment履行；C.diagnosis診斷；D.patterns模式。根據(jù)下文“Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatternstosupportthem.”可知，此處指研究人員試圖找到模式。故選D。35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：具有相似性格或背景的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員合作得最好嗎？A.best最好地；B.onaverage平均；C.belowaverage低于平均水平；D.worst最差地。根據(jù)上文“groupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgrounds”及常識(shí)可知，此處指具有相似性格或背景的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員合作得會(huì)最好。故選A。36．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，誰在小組里似乎并沒有什么不同；相反，效率較高和較低的群體之間的差異似乎在于成員之間的互動(dòng)。A.furthermore此外；B.instead相反；C.consequently因此；D.obviously顯然。前后句意存在相反關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折副詞instead。故選B。37．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，誰在小組里似乎并沒有什么不同；相反，效率較高和較低的群體之間的差異似乎在于成員之間的互動(dòng)。A.persuasion說服；B.imitation模仿；C.interaction互動(dòng)；D.moderation適度。根據(jù)下文“Amongthefindings,themostsignificantisthat,ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofa8.”可知，此處指效率較高和較低的群體之間的差異似乎在于成員之間的互動(dòng)。故選C。38．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)中，最重要的是，在有效的團(tuán)隊(duì)中，成員的發(fā)言時(shí)間大致相等——不是在每次會(huì)議或互動(dòng)中，而是在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目過程中。A.regulation監(jiān)管；B.project項(xiàng)目；C.scale規(guī)模；D.transition過渡。根據(jù)上文“notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourse”可知，此處指整個(gè)項(xiàng)目過程。故選B。39．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：例如，在有效的群體中，成員說話時(shí)直接面對(duì)彼此，他們使用充滿活力和熱情的手勢。A.Forexample例如；B.Onthecontrary恰恰相反；C.Inotherwords換句話說；D.Intheory理論上。根據(jù)上文“Therewereadditionalfindingsthatsupportthesegeneralones.”及空后“ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,andtheyuseenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.”可知，此處指在舉例說明。故選A。40．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們也直接彼此溝通，而不僅僅是通過團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或經(jīng)理。A.roughly大致地；B.steadily穩(wěn)定地；C.neutrally中性地；D.directly直接地。根據(jù)下文“notjustthroughtheleaderormanagerofthegroup.”可知，此處指團(tuán)隊(duì)成員直接彼此溝通。故選D。41．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在會(huì)議期間，個(gè)別成員之間的談話非但不會(huì)分散注意力，反而會(huì)提高團(tuán)隊(duì)的效率。A.distraction分心；B.isolation隔離；C.supervision監(jiān)督；D.exhaustion精疲力竭。根據(jù)上文“sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings”及常識(shí)可知，在會(huì)議期間，個(gè)別成員之間的談話會(huì)被認(rèn)為是分心的事情。故選A。42．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所有的研究結(jié)果都強(qiáng)調(diào)了面對(duì)面交流的重要性，而不是打電話、電話會(huì)議或電子郵件交流。A.overlook俯瞰；B.highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)；C.dedicate奉獻(xiàn)；D.categorize分類。根據(jù)下文“Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurprimarilyorexclusivelyinface-to-faceinteraction.”可知，此處指所有的研究結(jié)果都強(qiáng)調(diào)了面對(duì)面交流的重要性。故選B。43．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有人可能會(huì)提出質(zhì)疑，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)大多是非常明顯的，不用說，優(yōu)秀的管理者可能一直都明白這些原則。A.advocate辯護(hù)；B.argue提出質(zhì)疑；C.command命令；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)下文“thatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheseprinciples.”可知，此處指有人可能會(huì)對(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)提出質(zhì)疑。故選B。44．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們的社會(huì)和職業(yè)生活并不總是以促進(jìn)那種明顯強(qiáng)調(diào)有效群體表現(xiàn)的互動(dòng)的方式構(gòu)建的。A.reverses顛倒；B.stocks貯備；C.underlines強(qiáng)調(diào)；D.captures捕獲。根據(jù)上文“Oursocialandprofessionallives,however,arenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteraction”及語境可知，此處指強(qiáng)調(diào)有效群體表現(xiàn)的互動(dòng)的方式構(gòu)建。故選C。45．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：了解群體智力可以幫助企業(yè)和其他組織做出必要的根本性改變，以提高群體績效。A.perspective視角；B.performance性能；C.persistence持久性；D.intelligence智力。根據(jù)語境可知，全文一直在講述對(duì)群體智力的研究及發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，此處指了解群體智力可以幫助企業(yè)和其他組織做出必要的根本性改變，以提高群體績效。故選D。（2023·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考三模）Partofmehasalwayswantedtobethekindofpersonwhobreakstheicewithastranger.WhenIwitnessthatkindgregariousness(合群)inothers,Ifeel46;Iassumetheirlackofreservemeanstheyleadmoreexcitinglives.Howmanytalesofadventurebeganbecausesomeonehadthe47tosayhello?TalkingtosomeoneIdon’tknow48low-levelfear,andIavoiditentirely.I’mnotalone.Ina2022study,GillianSandstrom,apsychologist,notedthatpeopleare“remarkably49”abouttalkingtostrangers,despiteresearchlinkingfrequentsocialinteractionswithhappiness.Wetendto50thepotentialfornegativeconsequencesinsuchencounters,andactivelyavoidthem.Asacountermeasure,shegaveparticipants“missions”thatinvolvedinitiatingconversationswithstrangerswhometcertain51(e.g.,“Findsomeonewho’swearingahat”).Theresultswere52Sandstromsassumption:theseinteractionswerefarmorepleasantthanpeopleexpectedthemtobe.Eagertotesthertheory,IgavemyselfaweektoreproduceSandstrom’sassignment,whichmeantspeakingtoaround30people.Ihadno53not10try:IliveinNewYorkCityandencounterhundredsofstrangers.Oneofmymissionswastospeaktosomeonewhowaseating.“Isthatcreamcheese?”Iaskedaguyonaparkbenchwhowaseatingstuff.It54alittlemoredisrespectfulthanIintended,butonceherealizedthatIwasn’tcrazy,wehada(n)55conversation.WhenIspoketoanattractivewomanoncrutches(拐杖)formytaskofengagingsomeonewho“l(fā)ookssad,”Iwasworriedshe’dthinkofmeasapickupartist.56,shehumoredmewhenItoldheraboutmykneeissues.Here’satip:askingstrangersaboutthebonusesoftalkingtostrangerscanbeaneffectivestrategy.Iusedthis57withpeoplerequiredtointeractwiththepublicaspartoftheirjob.AmongthewaitersIspokewith,acommonresponsewasthatchattingwithcustomerswasoneofthemostenjoyableaspectsoftheirday,providingalittleburstof58.Acafeworkertoldmethathewasanexpertatguessingacustomer’sorderbasedontheirappearance—yogaclothes?blackcoffee—butfeltadistinctjoywheneverhegotitwrong.My59didn’ttransformmeintoafearlessextrovert(外向者).Butitwasausefulreminderthatwhenitcomestokeepinglifeinteresting,it60tomakeroomfortheoccasionalsurprise.46．A．sacred B．distressed C．disapproving D．envious47．A．nerve B．willpower C．sympathy D．vision48．A．masks B．eases C．inspires D．taps49．A．informed B．pessimistic C．expectant D．confused50．A．overstate B．demonstrate C．exploit D．suffer51．A．identification B．resistance C．profile D．scale52．A．a(chǎn)tthemercyof B．incontrastto C．forthesakeof D．inlinewith53．A．excuse B．means C．a(chǎn)uthority D．regrets54．A．setabout B．cameout C．stoodby D．endedup55．A．delightful B．a(chǎn)wkward C．one-sided D．initial56．A．Likewise B．Therefore C．Plus D．Instead57．A．bonus B．receipt C．a(chǎn)pproach D．patent58．A．unpredictability B．resolution C．discrimination D．inaccessibility59．A．persistence B．ritual C．experiment D．convention60．A．turnsout B．paysoff C．goeson D．fallsshort【答案】46．D47．A48．C49．B50．A51．C52．D53．A54．B55．A56．D57．C58．A59．C60．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者通過自身經(jīng)歷介紹了與陌生人交談的藝術(shù)。46．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看到別人的這種合群時(shí)，我感到嫉妒。A.sacred神圣的；B.distressed痛苦的；C.disapproving不贊成的；D.envious嫉妒的。根據(jù)“Partofmehasalwayswantedtobethekindofpersonwhobreakstheicewithastranger.”可知，作者看到別人打破沉默會(huì)感到嫉妒。故選D。47．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有多少冒險(xiǎn)故事的開始是因?yàn)橛腥擞杏職飧愦蛘泻?A.nerve神經(jīng)；勇氣；B.willpower意志力；C.sympathy同情；D.vision視覺。根據(jù)“Howmanytalesofadventurebegan”及前文可知，與陌生人打招呼需要勇氣。故選A。48．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：和不認(rèn)識(shí)的人說話會(huì)引起輕微的恐懼，我完全避免。A.masks掩飾；B.eases減輕；C.inspires激發(fā)；D.taps輕拍。根據(jù)“andIavoiditentirely.”可知，和不認(rèn)識(shí)的人說話會(huì)引起輕微的恐懼。故選C。49．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在2022年的一項(xiàng)研究中，心理學(xué)家吉莉安·桑德斯特羅姆指出，盡管有研究將頻繁的社交活動(dòng)與幸福感聯(lián)系起來，但人們對(duì)與陌生人交談“非常悲觀”。A.informed見多識(shí)廣的；B.pessimistic悲觀的；C.expectant期待的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)“despiteresearchlinkingfrequentsocialinteractionswithhappiness.”可知，人們對(duì)與陌生人交談會(huì)“非常悲觀”。故選B。50．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這樣的遭遇中，我們傾向于夸大潛在的負(fù)面后果，并積極避免它們。A.overstate夸張；B.demonstrate證明；C.exploit剝削；D.suffer遭受。根據(jù)“thepotentialfornegativeconsequencesinsuchencounters,”可知，與陌生人交談我們往往夸大潛在的負(fù)面后果。故選A。51．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為對(duì)策，她給參與者“任務(wù)”，包括發(fā)起與符合特定特征的陌生人的對(duì)話(例如，“找到戴著帽子的人”)。A.identification鑒定；B.resistance抵抗；C.profile簡介；概況；D.scale規(guī)模。根據(jù)“e.g.,“Findsomeonewho’swearingahat””可知，桑德斯特羅姆讓參與者發(fā)起與符合特定概況的的陌生人的對(duì)話。故選C。52．考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果與桑德斯特羅姆的假設(shè)一致：這些互動(dòng)比人們預(yù)期的要愉快得多。A.atthemercyof在……支配下；B.incontrastto和……對(duì)比；C.forthesakeof為了……的利益；D.inlinewith按照；與……一致。根據(jù)“theseinteractionswerefarmorepleasantthanpeopleexpectedthemtobe.”可知，參與特定任務(wù)的結(jié)果與桑德斯特羅姆的假設(shè)是一致的。故選D。53．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有理由不去試一試：我住在紐約市，經(jīng)常遇到成百上千的陌生人。A.excuse借口；理由；B.means方法；C.au