Unit3ComputersSectionA

WarmingUp

&Reading

課文預(yù)習(xí)自測Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案）1.Whendidthecomputercomeintobeing?A.In1640. B.In1642. C.In1822. D.In1936.2.Whoreallyinventedthecomputer?A.CharlesBabbage. B.BillGates. C.AlanTuring. D.ThomasEdison.○○3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.CharlesBabbagebuiltananalyticalmachinein1642.B.AlanTuringwroteabookabouthowthecomputercouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblemin1936.C.Thecomputerwasfirstconnectedbyanetworkinthelate1960s.D.Sincethe1960sthecomputerhasbeenusedtohelpwithmedicaloperations.○4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thecomputercantaketheplaceofhumans.B.Thesmalleracomputeris，thefasteritcalculates.C.Computerscansolvealltheproblemsofhumanbeings.D.Peoplecanbenefitmorefromcomputersinthefuture.5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Theadvantagesofthecomputer.B.Thelatestdevelopmentofthecomputer.C.Theimportanceofthecomputer.D.Thehistoryofthecomputer.○○Ⅱ語法填空（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語法規(guī)則完成短文）［金星原創(chuàng)］IbeganonlyasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.Iwasdevelopingslowlyinthe1__________（follow）years.Abouttwohundredyearslater，IwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.2

___________（program）byanoperatorwhousedcardswithholes，Icould“think”3__________（logical）andproduceananswerquickerthananyperson，4__________wasconsidereda5__________（technology）revolutionatthattimeandthestartofmy“artificialintelligence”.In1936AlanTuringwroteabook6__________howIcouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”7__________（solve）difficultmathematicalproblems.Fromthenon，Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandinbrainpower.By8__________1940sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom.Astimewentby，withthe9

____________（improve）ofmymemory，Iwasmadesmallerandsmaller.Sincethe1970s，I10

______________（use）inofficesandhomes，andmanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavebecomeveryimportantincommunication，financeandmanyotherfields.followingProgrammedlogicallywhichtechnologicaltosolveabouttheimprovementhavebeenused題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法核心詞匯詞匯一simplifyvt.簡化，使簡易【教材原句】AlthoughIwasyoungIcouldsimplifydifficultsums.我盡管當(dāng)時很年輕，但是能簡化復(fù)雜的算術(shù)題。（P18）【學(xué)法點撥】-ify/-fy為動詞后綴，表示“使得，變成”。simple→simplifyvt.簡化 beautiful→beautifyvt.美化class→classifyvt.將……分類 quality→qualifyvt.使有資格單句語法填空(1)［湖北卷］Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften__________（simple）thecomplex，afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.(2)Theseinstructionsshould____________（simplify），sothattheprimaryschoolstudentscanunderstandthem.(3)Thelawneeds_______________________（simplify）.simplifybesimplified

simplifying/tobesimplified詞匯二solvevt.解決；解答【教材原句】...tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblem.……解決任何數(shù)學(xué)難題。（P18）【要點必記】solveaproblem/amystery/apuzzle解決問題/解開奧秘/解難題solutionn.解決方法；答案thesolutiontotheproblem問題的解決辦法【詞義辨析】solve與settlesolve“解決”，側(cè)重給出一個答案；settle“解決”爭端、分歧等。settleamatter/adispute/anargument解決事情/爭端/爭論單句語法填空(1)［北京卷］Therearestillmanyproblems___________（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2)Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect_________（solve）.(3)Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolution_________theproblem，butinvain.選詞填空（solve/settle）(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Theworker，whosuccessfully_________theproblemsoneafteranother，deservedtobepraised.(5)Webelievethatwarnever_________anything.Itonlyleadstoviolence.tobesolved

solutionto

solved

settles

詞匯三realityn.［U］現(xiàn)實，實際情況；［C］事實，實際經(jīng)歷【教材原句】However，thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners.但是，這個現(xiàn)實也使得我的設(shè)計者很擔(dān)心。（P18）【要點必記】

1inreality實際上，事實上 face/acceptreality面對/接受現(xiàn)實escapefromreality逃避現(xiàn)實 becomeareality成為現(xiàn)實Therealityisthat...實際情況是……【要點必記】

2事實上，實際上inrealityinactualfactintruthasamatteroffactinfactactually單句寫作(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Helookedveryconfidentandcalmduringthetest，but_______________________（事實上）hewasextremelynervous.inreality/infact/intruth(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Afteryearsofhardwork，hisdreamoftakingpartintheOlympicshas_______________（成為現(xiàn)實）.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Anyideaof________________________（逃避現(xiàn)實）isfoolish.單句語法填空(4)_________（real）isnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，butthewaytheyactuallyare.(5)Therealityis_________theyouthcentrewillhavetocloseunlesswefindsomenewfundingsoon.becomeareality

escapingfromreality

Reality

that詞匯四goby（時間）流逝，過去；走過，經(jīng)過；遵循，依照【教材原句】Astimewentby，Iwasmadesmaller.隨著時間的推移，我被弄得更小了。（P18）【要點必記】passby經(jīng)過，走過walkby走過standby支持或幫助單句寫作(1)IftheyprovethatIwaswrong，thenIwill_________（依照）whattheysay.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ihadagoodtimeattheparty.Inreality，Ihadsuchfunthat_____________________________（時間好像過得飛快）.(3)Whenyou_____________________（經(jīng)過超市），buymeapacketofsalt，please.goby

timeseemedtogobysoquickly

gobythesupermarket

詞匯五asaresult因此，結(jié)果【教材原句】AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.因此，我完全改變了我的形狀。（P18）【要點必記】resultin導(dǎo)致，造成resultfrom由……引起；起因于【詞義辨析】asaresult與asaresultofasaresult“因此，結(jié)果”，單獨使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗號；asaresultof“作為……的結(jié)果，由于”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。選詞填空（asaresult/asaresultof）(1)Hehadsomebadfish.

，hefeltillthismorning.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hecan’ttakepartinthesportsmeeting

hisseriousinjuriesinanaccident.Asaresult

asaresultof

單句語法填空(3)Hislazinessresulted

hisfailure；thatistosay，hisfailureresulted

hislaziness.(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Wearestilldealingwithproblems

（result）fromerrorsmadeinthepast.單句寫作(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Afterhetookchargeofthecompany，thebusinessdidn’tpickup.

_________（結(jié)果），peopleleftthecompanyoneafteranother.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thereisnodoubtthathisdrunkdriving_

________（導(dǎo)致了這次事故）.

infrom

resultingAsaresultresultedintheaccident詞匯六totallyadv.完全地；整個地【要點必記】

1total

adj.總的，全部的；完全的，徹底的n.總數(shù)；合計【要點必記】

2totalnumber/amount/cost總數(shù)/總量/總成本 atotalfailure/disaster徹底的失敗atotalbanoncigaretteadvertising香煙廣告的全面禁止intotal總共，總計（=inall） atotalof40people總共40人單句寫作(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Themanwasfined300yuan_________（總共）forspeeding.(2)Theirexpensesreached_________（總共）1，000pounds.單句語法填空(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］—Doyouknowhowmanystudentstookpartinthesportsmeeting?—About400_________total.(4)Dressedinfashionableclothes，shelooks_________（total）different，likeamoviestar.intotal

atotalof

in

totally詞匯七applicationn.［C，U］應(yīng)用；用途；申請（書）【教材原句】Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.從20世紀(jì)70年代起，我又被開發(fā)出了很多新的用途。（P18）【要點必記】

1makeanapplication（tosb.）forsth.（向某人）申請……jobapplications求職信 fillinanapplicationform填寫申請表theapplicationofgeneticengineering遺傳工程的應(yīng)用【要點必記】

2applicantn.申請人 applyv.應(yīng)用；申請apply...to...把……應(yīng)用到…… applyoneselfto致力于，專心于apply（tosb.）for...（向某人）申請……單句語法填空(1)Duetothe

（apply）ofthismedicaltechnology，morediseasescanbediscoveredandtreatedatanearlystage.(2)［2015·福建卷］Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsof

（apply）toattendtheopeningceremony.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Nowlotsofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedto________（solve）problemsinindustry.(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Iamwritingtoapply

thepositionasavolunteerattheEnglishfestival.application

applicantssolving

for

單句寫作(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Overthenextfewdays，thecoach

__________________（專心于）selectingbestathletes.(6)Weshould________________________（把理論運用到實踐中）；otherwise，itisnouse.(7)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thenewtechnology

____________________（已應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)）.(8)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hehasbeen_____________________（致力于）achievinghispersonalgoal.appliedhimselftoapplytheorytopractice

wasappliedtofarmingapplyinghimselfto

詞匯八explorev.探索；考察；勘探；探討【教材原句】IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.我甚至還被放置在航空火箭里去探測月球和火星。（P18）【要點必記】exploreforoil/minerals/gold勘探石油/礦物/黃金 explorationn.探索；勘探；探究explorern.探險者；勘探者 theexplorationofspace對太空的探索◆一言辨異Heisagreatexplorer，determinedtoexploretheunknownworld.Hesayshewilldevotehimselftotheexplorationoftheuniverse.他是一位了不起的探險家，決心探索未知的世界。他說他將致力于宇宙的探索。單句語法填空(1)［2019·北京卷］Want

（explore）newcultures，meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?toexplore

(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hisdreamofbeingan_________（explore）hasbecomeareality.(3)The___________（explore）fornewsourcesofenergyisvitalforthefutureofourplanet.單句寫作(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Theysetupascientificorganization__________________________（去探索未知的世界）.(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Itisworth

___________________（探討其他方法）ofsolvingthisproblem.explorer

exploration

toexploretheunknownworldexploringotherways

詞匯九goaln.（1）目標(biāo)；目的（2）（進(jìn)球）得分；球門【要點必記】set（oneself/sb.）agoal（給自己/某人）制訂目標(biāo) keepgoal守球門achieve/reachone’sgoal達(dá)成目標(biāo) scoreagoal踢進(jìn)一球【一言助記】Beforeyoudoanything，you’dbettersetagoalfirst，andthentryyourbesttoachieve/reachthegoal.在你做任何事情之前，你最好先設(shè)定一個目標(biāo)，然后盡最大努力實現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)。單句寫作(1)你得給自己制訂一些長期目標(biāo)。Youneedto_____________somelong-term

.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］他訓(xùn)練如此刻苦，終于實現(xiàn)了在奧運會上贏得一枚金牌的目標(biāo)。Hetrainedsohardthathefinally________________________winningagoldmedalintheOlympics.(3)［2017·天津卷］Ayearlater，I________________________（實現(xiàn)了我的目標(biāo)）：Ilost150poundsandraised＄50，000!setyourselfachievedhisgoalof

reached/achievedmygoal

goals

單句語法填空(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hisgoalis_____________（admit）intoBeijingUniversity.(5)Sometimesit’snoteasytoscore_________

goalinafootballmatch.tobeadmitted

a重點句式句式一Ittook+時間段+before+從句過了多久才……【教材原句】IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.我發(fā)育非常緩慢，差不多過了兩百年，查爾斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一臺分析機(jī)。（P18）【要點必記】Itwillbe+時間段+before+從句要過多久才……Itwillnotbelongbefore+從句過不了多久就……Itwas+時間段+before+從句過了多久才……Itwasnotlongbefore+從句沒過多久就……【語言揭秘】萬變不離其宗。無論怎么翻譯，before依然具有“在……之前”的本義。單句寫作(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］_____________________________（她花了兩天時間才）shedesignedanewlogoforthecompany.(2)［2015·重慶卷］Ifyoumissthischance，__________________________________（可能要過很多年才）yougetanotherone.單句語法填空(3)Itwon’tbelong_________youregretwhatyou’vedone.(4)Itwasseveralminutesbeforewe_________（realize）whatwashappening.(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ittookmonths________wesolvedthefinancialproblemofourcompany.Ittookhertwodaysbefore

itmaybeyearsbeforebefore

realized

before

句式二astimegoesby（=withtimegoingby）【教材原句】Astimewentby，Iwasmadesmaller.隨著時間的推移，我被弄得更小了。（P18）【語言揭秘】astimewentby——這是一個常用的時間狀語從句。as是“當(dāng)……時；隨著……”，表示主句的動作與之同步進(jìn)行。goby意為“流逝”，跟pass同義。該句式多用于一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般過去時等。幾個常見的表達(dá)：astimepasses，withtimegoingby，withtimepassing，withthepassingoftime，overtime?？偨Y(jié)：as...是時間狀語從句，with...是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，over...是介詞短語。單句語法填空(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］________timegoesby，wefeelourresponsibility

isbecominggreaterandgreater.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］________wintercoming，itisgettingcolderandcolderdaybyday.單句寫作(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］________________________________（隨著時間的推移），hisdesignhasbeenfancierandfancier.As

With

Astimegoesby/Withtimegoingby句式三so...that...如此……以致……【教材原句】Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat，likeanelephant，IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!隨著時間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，以至于我從來不會忘記告訴我的任何事情?。≒18）【句法分析】本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。so...that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中Ihavebeentold是定語從句，修飾anything?！疽c必記】

1so+adj./adv.+that...so+adj.+a（n）+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...so+much/little（少）+不可數(shù)名詞+that...【要點必記】

2such...that...如此……以至于……such+a（n）+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that...【誤區(qū)警示】（1）so+adj.+a（n）+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)=such+a（n）+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)sodifficultaproblem=suchadifficultproblem（2）so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中，so/such...置于句首時，要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］TheproblemissodifficultthatIfindithardtosolve.→Itis________difficultproblem________Ifindithardtosolve.(2)Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottolockthedoor.→Heleft________hurriedly________

heforgottolockthedoor.(3)Theattackwassosuddenthattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.→________________________

thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.suchathatsothatSosuddenwastheattack

單句語法填空(4)［2015·浙江卷］Itwas________noisythatwecouldn’thearourselvesspeak.(5)［2017·浙江卷］Pahlssonscreamedsoloudly________herdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thebuildingis________splendidthatthepeoplelivingthereallthinkhighlyofit.(7)Itwas________niceweatherthatwewereableto