2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習講練測(人教版2019)選擇性必修三Unit4AdversityandCourageⅠ.單句語法填空1.(2020·浙江高考)Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludeda__________(guide)play,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.2.(2020·天津高考)__________(fortunate),curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.3.(2020·浙江高考)Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmy__________(enthusiastic)forthetheaterwithothers.4.(2019·天津高考)However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadea__________(commit)tosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.5.(2019?天津高考)Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.However,technologyisalsothe__________(apply)ofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Occasionally,I________________________thatwasassigned,butIdidn’tenjoythistypeofreading.

偶爾我也會讀布置的小說但我不喜歡這種類型的閱讀。2.Spoilingchildrenmaymakethemhavenoconsciousnessabout________________________.

溺愛孩子可能會讓他們意識不到自己的自私行為。3.Pleasemakesureyouhave________________________withyouwhenleavingtheplane.

請確保在下飛機前帶好你的所有隨身物品。4.________________________,hisheartsank.

聽說他兒子沒有被理想的大學錄取,他心里一沉。5.Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,________________________.

有些人的動力源于對成功的渴望,而另一些人則源于害怕失敗。Ⅲ.微語段填空(黑體詞為本單元重點詞匯)1.Hesetupawelfare__________(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreat__________(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeel__________(inspire)byhisdeedsand__________(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththe__________(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoorman__________(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsinto__________(consider)beforemakingaprescription.His__________(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakea__________(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinan__________(argue),youshouldberespectfuland__________(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyour__________(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturnto__________(refer)books.5.__________oncehitmethatIcouldlive__________quietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsider__________(move)toasmallmountainvillage.__________Isettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarry__________withyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthat__________(determine)yourfuture.7.__________(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemet__________chance.Itiswithhishelp__________wefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasants__________(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethem__________believingscientificfarming.IV.閱讀理解AItalyandChinahaveagreedtojointlyadvancetheconstructionoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)(一帶一路),whichaimstobuildatradeandinfrastructurenetworktoconnectAsiawithEuropeandAfricaalongancienttraderoutes.ItalywillusethisopportunitytocooperatewithChinatodevelopitsnorthernportsandtheInvestItaliaprogram,andpromotecooperationinallfields.Despitesomeskepticism,theBRIhasdevelopedintooneoftheworld’slargestcooperationplatformsandbecomeahotpublicgood.Morethan120countriesand29internationalorganizationshavesignedagreementswithChinauptodate,bringingallsortsofdevelopmentopportunitiestopartiesoftheBRI,includingtheconstructionofKenya’sfirsthigh-speedexpressway,thefirstcross-seabridgeintheMaldives,andtheformationofthecarindustryinBelarus.TheinclusionofItalyintotheBRImakesItalythefirstG7countrytoformallyjointheInitiativeandsetsanewmilestoneintheprocessofbuildingtheBeltandRoad.WhatmakestheBRIuniqueisthatitisaninitiativeforwin-wincooperationratherthanzero-sumcompetition.Aseveryoneknows,theBRIhasitsoriginintheancientSilkRoadtraderoutethatlinkedChinawithmanyplacesintheworld,includingtheItaliancitiesofRomeandVenice.ItalyisanaturalfitfortheambitiousprojectbecauseofitshistoricalconnectionswithChina,andalsobecauseoftheneedtobeopenratherthanclosed,tocooperateratherthanconfront.Inthisfast-changingworld,seekingwin-winprogressisthebestpathforwardforallcountries.

InChina,itissaidthatwithoutabigbreakthroughinthinking,therewillbenobigleapinpractice;andwithoutabigleapinpractice,therewillbenogreatdevelopment.AnumberofChineseideasandinitiativeshavebeenformedwiththegoalofbuildingacommunityofcommondestinyinmind.UndertheBRI,wecanexpectChinatodeepenpolicycoordination,facilitiesconnectivity,freetrade,financialintegration,andpeople-to-peoplebonds.TherevivalofChinaasagreatpowerisablessingtotheworld,contributingtothebuildingofabetterworld.1.Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byreasoningandanalyzing.D.Bydescribingimportantevents.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Chinahasbecomeasuperpower.B.Chinaputsothers’interestsbeforeitsown.C.Chinahasbeenseekingdevelopmentforall.D.Chinaiswell-knownforitstraditionalideas.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“zero-sumcompetition”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Onlyoneparticipantwillwin.B.Noneoftheparticipantswillwin.C.Allparticipantswillgainsomething.D.Someparticipantswillwinatthecostofothers.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TherevivalofChinaasagreatpowerB.ConstructionalongancienttraderoutesC.AmilestoneinbuildingBRIhasbeensetD.ItalyandChinareachedanagreementonBRIBNASAhasshownadesignfora3D-printedhabitatthatcouldbehomeforthefirsthumansvisitingtheRedPlanet.Ithasadouble-shelldesign,toprotectthehabitablespacesfromthenaturalexpansionandcontradictioncausedbytheextremetemperaturesswingsonMars.Inside,itsfunctionalareasarespreadoverfourlevels,withaspiralstaircaseallowinghumanstomovearoundfreely.Onthefirstlevelthereisawetlab,andapreparationareaforastronautsenteringandleavingthebuilding.Thesecondlevelhasadrylab,aswellasakitchenarea.Thethirdlevelfunctionsasasleepingarea,aswellasasanitationpodandagardenarea.Thefourthlevelisanexerciseandrecreationarea.

“ArchitectureonEarthplaysadecisiveroleinthewaywelive,”saidAISpaceFactory,theNewYork-basedteambehindthedesign.“OnMars,thisrolereachesahigherlevelofimportancesincearchitectureisthemachinewhichkeepsusalive.”AISpaceFactoryhasbeenselectedasthewinnerofNASA’s3D-PrintedHabitatChallenge,andawardedthetopprizeof$500,000.Thecompetitionchallengedparticipantstocreatesheltersoutofrecyclablesandmaterialsthatcouldbefoundondeep-spacedestinations,liketheMoonandMars.AISpaceFactorywaspraisedforthewayitautomatedthebuildingprocess—completingthebuildingwithnearlynohumanassistancein30hours.Itwasalsoapplaudedforitsbiopolymerbasaltcomposite—abiodegradable(可生物降解的)andrecyclablematerialdevelopedfromnaturalmaterialsfoundonMars.AfterpassingaseriesofNASA’stests,thismaterialwasfoundtobestrongerthanitsconcretecompetitors.“It’slight,andit’sstrong,likeanairplane,”saidLexAkersfromtheCaterpillarCollegeofEngineeringandTechnologyatBradleyUniversity,whowasoneofthecompetitionjudges.“That’sgoingtobeveryimportantforthesetypesofhabitats.”5.Whatarethefirstandsecondparagraphstalkingabout?A.Thefeaturesofthis3D-printedhabitat.B.Thestructureofthis3D-printedhabitat.C.Thefunctionsofthis3D-printedhabitat.D.Theintroductionofthis3D-printedhabitat.6.Theunderlinedwords“sanitationpod”inthepassageprobablymean“______”.

A.Washroom.B.Livingroom.C.Diningroom. D.Bedroom.7.WhyNASAselectedAISpaceFactoryasthewinner?A.Itusedrecyclables.B.Nohumanassistance.C.Itsmaterialisproper.D.ItpassedNASA’sarangeoftests.8.Whatdoyoufindthis3D-printedhabitat?A.Itcostsalot.B.Itwillcomeintoreality.C.Itisofsignificance.D.Itarousespeople’sinterest.V.七選五PeopletendtodownloadGoogleEarthwiththebeliefthattheimagesareupdatedlivefromsatellitesinspace.Therealityisthattheimagescapturedbythesatellitesaremadeavailablebycertaingovernmentagenciesandsomecommercialimageproviders.1Althoughsomeofthesatelliteimagesmaybeolderthanayear,theycontainalotofinformationthatcanbeofgreatvalue.2

3Youcanlocatespecificaddressesandmonumentsinyourcity.Alsoyoucanmeasurethelengthbetweendifferentpointsaswellastheareaorradius(半徑)ofcertainstructures.Youcanalsocreatemapswiththegeospatialdatathatisavailableontheprogram,aswellascaptureandprinthigh-resolution(分辨率高的)satelliteimagesforfree.Theintegratedmoviemakermakesitpossibleforyoutorecordvideosofactivities.

4GoogleEarthfeaturesseveraltoolsthatareeasytouseregardlessofyourtechnicalproficiencylevel.Youcanflyovermultiplelocationsonthehemispheretoexploredifferentlandscapes,oceans,mountainranges,canyons,andothergeographicalelements.Youcansavetoursanddestinationswhichmaybeviewedatalatertimeorsharedwithfriends.

5GoogleEarthmakesitpossibleforyoutotrackchangeswithinyourneighborhood.Withthehistoricalimageryfeatureyoucanfindthelevelofinfrastructuralimprovementsorenvironmentaldegradation.Youcaneasilymonitorcoastalerosion,meltingicecapsandtherapidurbanization.Youcandivetothebottomofseasandoceanstoexploretheunderwaterhabitat,viewshipwrecks,andmarineglacialdeposits.

A.Itisrelativelyeasytouse.B.Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages.C.Itprovidesdetailedviewofdifferentlocations.D.YoucandownloadGoogleEarthatnocostatall.E.GoogleEarthisnotintendedformilitarypurposes.F.HereareafewreasonswhyyoushouldhaveGoogleEarthonyourcomputer.G.TheyarethenacquiredbyGoogleEarthanduploadedtotheimagedatabaseforpublicuse.VI.完形填空IwaswalkingmydogSnoopyoneeveningwhilethelastlightofthesettingsun1thecloudspurpleandpink.Ilookedupattheskyandsmiled.AfteraminuteSnoopystarted2atherleash(皮帶).Shewasmorethanreadytoheadinsideforabowlofdogfoodandabacon3.Iwasn’tquitereadytogoin,however,soI4her.IwaswaitingformyfriendstheLittleBlinkerstoappear.

Itwasn’tlongeither5Isawthemswitchingtheirlightsonandoff.Theywerefireflies,ofcourse,alsoknownaslightningbugs.OveralltheyearsthatIhavelivedheretheyhaveneverfailedtoappearatthistimeduringthesummer.Theyhaveneverfailedto6me.Theyhaveneverfailedtomaketheworldalittlebrighter.Ithasalwaysbeensucha7tooknowingthatsuchwonderfulcreaturescanshinetheirownlightandmakethe8meadowslooklikethestarryskiesabove.Theymakemewanttosharemyownlightaswell,evenifitisn’tthatbrightandevenifitdoes9toblinknowandthen.

RobertFulghumwrote,“Iknowsomepeoplewho10alotoflight.Becausetheyhaveabsorbedalotoflightthemselves.Theyshine.”Idon’tknowhowmuchlightIhave11theyears,butIdoknowthatIwon’tkeepit12underabasket.Iwillshineit.Iwillshareit.Iwilluseitto13asmuchgoodness,love,joy,andwisdomintothisworldasIpossiblycan.

Mayyoualways14yourlightasbrightlyasyoucan.Mayyoualwaysshareitwithothersaswell.Rememberthatyouarenotaskedto15thewholeworldup.Whatyouneedtodoisjusttomakeyourlittlecornerofitabitbrighter.

1.A.printedB.dyedC.coloredD.pictured2.A.pushing B.pullingC.dragging D.waving3.A.food B.thingC.treat D.feast4.A.comforted B.approved C.pleased D.blamed5.A.unless B.beforeC.when D.once6.A.delight B.disappointC.satisfy D.touch7.A.chance B.surpriseC.curiosity D.joy8.A.green B.ordinaryC.vast D.dark9.A.intend B.planC.tend D.manage10.A.giveout B.giveoffC.giveaway D.givein11.A.absorbed B.appealedC.applied D.collected12.A.stayed B.remainedC.changed D.hidden13.A.cause B.appearC.bring D.require14.A.hold B.shineC.spread D.offer15.A.build B.deepenC.light D.brighten參考答案Ⅰ.1.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidance(guide)play,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.2.Fortunately(fortunate),curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.3.Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasm(enthusiastic)forthetheaterwithothers.4.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitment(commit)tosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.5.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.However,technologyisalsotheapplication(apply)ofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.Ⅱ.1.Occasionally,Iwouldreadanovelthatwasassigned,butIdidn’tenjoythistypeofreading.

2.Spoilingchildrenmaymakethemhavenoconsciousnessabouttheirselfishbehavior.

3.Pleasemakesureyouhaveallyourbelongingswithyouwhenleavingtheplane.

4.Hearingthathissonwasnotadmittedtotheidealuniversity,hisheartsank.

5.Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.

Ⅲ.1.Hesetupawelfareorganization(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreatachievement(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeelinspired(inspire)byhisdeedsandkindness(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththeintention(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoormanintended(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsintoconsideration(consider)beforemakingaprescription.Hisobservation(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakeaconnection(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinanargument(argue),youshouldberespectfulandconsiderate(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyourbehavior(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturntoreference(refer)books.5.ItoncehitmethatIcouldliveaquietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsidermoving(move)toasmallmountainvillage.OnceIsettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarryonwithyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthatdetermines(determine)yourfuture.7.Tired(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemetbychance.Itiswithhishelpthatwefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasantsgrow(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethemintobelievingscientificfarming.IV.A【文章大意】本文介紹了中國倡導的“一帶一路”給許多國家?guī)淼陌l(fā)展機會和進展情況。1.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Morethan120countriesand29internationalorganizationshavesignedagreementswithChinauptodate,bringingallsortsofdevelopmentopportunitiestopartiesoftheBRI,includingtheconstructionofKenya’sfirsthigh-speedexpressway,thefirstcross-seabridgeintheMaldives,andtheformationofthecarindustryinBelarus.(迄今為止,超過120個國家和29個國際組織已經(jīng)和中國簽署了協(xié)議,給“一帶一路”倡議國帶來了各種發(fā)展機會,包括肯尼亞第一條高速公路的建設(shè)、馬爾代夫的第一跨海大橋,白俄羅斯汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成)可知,本段采用舉例的方式來說明“一帶一路”給倡議國帶來的好處。A項符合以上說法。2.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的AnumberofChineseideasandinitiativeshavebeenformedwiththegoalofbuildingacommunityofcommondestinyinmind.UndertheBRI,wecanexpectChinatodeepenpolicycoordination,facilitiesconnectivity,freetrade,financialintegration,andpeople-to-peoplebonds.(中國提出的一系列理念和倡議,都著眼于構(gòu)建人類命運共同體。在“一帶一路”框架下,我們可以期待中國深化政策協(xié)調(diào)、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、自由貿(mào)易、金融融合、民心相同)可知,中國一直致力于人類共同體的發(fā)展。C項符合以上說法。3.【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分所在句子WhatmakestheBRIuniqueisthatitisaninitiativeforwin-wincooperationratherthanzero-sumcompetition.可知,“一帶一路”的獨特之處在于,它是一個雙贏的合作,而非zero-sumcompetition。由句意可知,上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此推測畫線部分的意思是“單方面獲利”。D.Someparticipantswillwinatthecostofothers.(一些參與者以犧牲他方為代價獲得利益)符合以上說法。4.【解析】選D。標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,尤其是第一段的ItalyandChinahaveagreedtojointlyadvancetheconstructionoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)可知,本文主要講述意大利和中國已經(jīng)同意共同推動“一帶一路”的建設(shè)。故D.ItalyandChinareachedanagreementonBRI(意大利和中國就“一帶一路”達成協(xié)議)可以作為本文標題。B【文章大意】本文介紹由3D打印機為宇航員打印出的棲息地通過了美國宇航局的測試。5.【解析】選D。段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a3D-printedhabitatthatcouldbehomeforthefirsthumansvisitingtheRedPlanet.Ithasadouble-shelldesign...Inside,itsfunctionalareasarespreadoverfourlevels”和第二段中的“Onthefirstlevel...Thesecondlevel...Thethirdlevel...Thefourthlevel...”可知,第一、二段主要是對這個3D打印的棲息地的介紹。6.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知,在第一層有一個潮濕的實驗室和宇航員進出大樓的準備區(qū)。第二層有一個干燥的實驗室,還有一個廚房區(qū)域。第三層是一個睡眠區(qū),還有一個衛(wèi)生艙和一個花園區(qū)。第四層是鍛煉和娛樂區(qū)。上文已提到kitchenarea,sleepingarea,所以畫線詞sanitationpod指洗手間。7.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AfterpassingaseriesofNASA’stests,thismaterialwasfoundtobestrongerthanitsconcretecompetitors.”可知,美國宇航局選擇人工智能太空工廠作為贏家,因為它通過了美國宇航局的一系列測試。8.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It’slight,andit’sstrong,likeanairplane...That’sgoingtobeveryimportantforthesetypesofhabitats.”可知,它很輕,而且很結(jié)實,就像一架飛機,這對這些棲息地非常重要。由此可推知,這個3D打印的棲息地意義重大。V.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。本文講述了GoogleEarth的圖像并不是從太空衛(wèi)星上實時更新的,而是由某些政府機構(gòu)和一些商業(yè)圖像提供商提供,但它仍具有一定優(yōu)點,并且本文介紹了下載GoogleEarth三個方面的優(yōu)點。1.【解析】選G。上文Therealityisthattheimagescapturedbythesatellitesaremadeavailablebycertaingovernmentagenciesandsomecommercialimageproviders.(實際情況是,衛(wèi)星拍攝的圖像由某些政府機構(gòu)和一些商業(yè)圖像提供商提供)與G.TheyarethenacquiredbyGoogleEarthanduploadedtotheimagedatabaseforpublicuse.(它們隨后被谷歌地圖收購并上傳到圖像數(shù)據(jù)庫供公眾使用)承接自然,上下文是并列關(guān)系,image是關(guān)鍵詞。2.【解析】選F。根據(jù)下文陳述的幾個下載谷歌地圖的優(yōu)點可知,此處應(yīng)選擇一個能開啟下文的句子,F.HereareafewreasonswhyyoushouldhaveGoogleEarthonyourcomputer.(這里是一些你為什么應(yīng)該在你的電腦上安裝谷歌地圖的原因)可以放在此處開啟下文。3.【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文的Youcanalsocreatemapswiththegeospatialdatathatisavailableontheprogram,aswellascaptureandprinthigh-resolutionsatelliteimagesforfree.(你還可以使用程序中提供的地理空間數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建地圖,以及免費捕獲和打印高分辨率衛(wèi)星圖像)可知,本段主要講述可以免費下載谷歌地圖。D.YoucandownloadGoogleEarthatnocostatall.(你可以免費下載谷歌地圖)可以作為本段中心句,forfree和atnocostatall是關(guān)鍵詞。4.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的GoogleEarthfeaturesseveraltoolsthatareeasytouseregardlessofyourtechnicalproficiencylevel.(GoogleEarth有幾種工具,無論你的技術(shù)熟練程度如何,都易于使用)可知,本段主要講述谷歌地圖易于使用。A.Itisrelativelyeasytouse.(它相對容易使用)可以作為本段中心句,easytouse是關(guān)鍵詞。5.【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文GoogleEarthmakesitpossibleforyoutotrackchangeswithinyourneighborhood.Withthehistoricalimageryfeature,youcanfindthelevelofinfrastructuralimprovementsorenvironmentaldegradation.(GoogleEarth使你能夠跟蹤你附近地區(qū)的變化。通過歷史圖像功能,你可以找到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施改善或環(huán)境退化的程度)可知,本段主要講述谷歌地球可以提供具體的視圖,C.Itprovidesdetailedviewofdifferentlocations.(它提供不同位置的細節(jié)視圖)可以作為本段中心句。VI.【文章大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。一天晚上作者出去遛狗,夜空下看到一閃一閃的螢火蟲,聯(lián)想到人也應(yīng)該跟螢火蟲一樣,為他人、為世界散發(fā)自己的光芒。1.【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意:一天晚上,我在遛我的狗史努比的時候,夕陽的余暉把云渲染成了紫色和粉紅色。printed打印,印刷;dyed用(顏料等)給……染色;colored渲染,染色;pictured繪畫,描寫。根據(jù)空格后“thecloudspurpleandpink”可知,句中形象地比喻夕陽照耀云朵,就像給它渲染了(colored)顏色一樣。2.【解析】選B?？疾閯用~詞義辨析。句意:過了一會兒,史努比開始拉她的皮帶。pushing壓,推;pullin