PAGE10-Unit3Theworldofscience1．virtualadj.模擬的→virtuallyadv.模擬2．flexibleadj.易彎曲的，柔韌的；有彈性的→inflexibleadj.僵化的→flexiblyadv.敏捷地；易曲地；松軟地；有彈性地→flexibilityn．敏捷性；柔韌度3．capableadj.有實(shí)力的→capablyadv.有實(shí)力地→capabilityn．才能，實(shí)力1．pressv．壓，按，靠著；按(按鈕或開關(guān))n.新聞報(bào)道；新聞界；印刷機(jī)；出版社①Thepresshavebeenverycriticalabouthimandhisfamily. 新聞界②Judgingfromthepress，theconcertwasagreatsuccess. 新聞報(bào)道③Sincetheinventionofprintingpress，poemsbecamemorepopular. 印刷機(jī)④Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindowwithtearsrunningdown.壓，按，靠著⑤Dragopressedabuttonandthedoorclosedbeforewewalkedin.按(按鈕或開關(guān))⑥ThedictionarywaspublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress. 出版社2．shootv．射出(光、亮等)；射門，投球；射擊；拍攝①Smithshotthewolfandthentookthebabywolfaway. 射擊②Giggsshottheballfromthehalfwaylineandgotthepoint. 射門③ThemoviewasshotinNewZealandinthewinterof2024. 拍攝④Astrongwhitelightshotintotheskyandthenanexplosionfollowed. 射出(光、亮等)3．holdup舉起；支撐；延誤，阻滯；持槍搶劫(銀行、商店等)①Sheheldupherarmandwipedhertearsoff. 舉起②Thisoldtreeisheldupbyapost. 支撐③Athiefranoffafterholdingupapetrolstation. 持槍搶劫④Thetrainwasheldupbyheavyfoglastnight. 延誤WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)inventionn．獨(dú)創(chuàng)，創(chuàng)意，創(chuàng)建(教材P26)Readtheinterviewandfindoutwhatinventionsarementioned.閱讀這則采訪，找出文中提到了什么獨(dú)創(chuàng)。[例1]Papermakingwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.造紙術(shù)在當(dāng)時(shí)是一項(xiàng)了不得的獨(dú)創(chuàng)。[例2]Suchchangeshavenotbeenseensincetheinventionoftheprintingmachine.自從獨(dú)創(chuàng)了印刷機(jī)，這種變更還沒有出現(xiàn)過。[造句]請(qǐng)告知我們，你是怎么想到你那個(gè)獨(dú)創(chuàng)的。Tellushowyougettheideaforyourinvention.[學(xué)問拓展]inventv． 獨(dú)創(chuàng)，創(chuàng)建inventorn. 獨(dú)創(chuàng)家；創(chuàng)建者；獨(dú)創(chuàng)者inventiveadj. 擅長獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；有創(chuàng)建力的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Wereallydon'tknowwhoinvented(invent)themachineatthattime.②Theinventive(invent)boywasadmiredbytheclassmatesaroundhim.[小片段填空]Thegreatinventorwashardworkinganditwastheyearsofeffortsthatledtotheinventioncomingintobeing.Theinventiveyoungmanwasadmiredbythekingandwasinvitedtoinventmoreinthecourt.這位宏大的獨(dú)創(chuàng)家很努力工作，正是他多年的努力才會(huì)有了他的獨(dú)創(chuàng)的形成。這位擅長獨(dú)創(chuàng)的年輕人得到了國王的賞識(shí)，并被邀請(qǐng)到皇宮里獨(dú)創(chuàng)更多的東西。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)flexibleadj.易彎曲的，柔韌的，敏捷的；有彈性的(教材P26)Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，meanweshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.例如，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)以及可穿戴技術(shù)方面的進(jìn)步，以及可折疊電池，意味著我們應(yīng)當(dāng)很快就會(huì)看到進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。[例1]Flexibleworkinghoursprovetobeusefulandeffectiveinimprovingthework.彈性工作時(shí)間在促進(jìn)工作方面證明是有用且有效的。[例2]Thehaironthebrushisflexibleenoughforyoutouseindifferenttypesofpaper.這只毛筆的毛足夠柔韌，可以讓你在不同類型的紙張上運(yùn)用。[造句]這款柔性電池的用處相當(dāng)大。Theflexiblebatteriesofthistypecanbeusedinmanyways.[學(xué)問拓展]flexibilityn． 柔韌性；敏捷性flexiblyadv. 易曲地，松軟地；敏捷地inflexibleadj. 不敏捷的，柔韌性差的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Howtofaceallkindsofmembersintelligentlyandflexibly(flexible)?②Theagelimitfornewmembersmaybehandledwithgreatflexibility(flexible)．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)inaddition除此之外；另外(教材P27)Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.此外，由于計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)力的提高，醫(yī)學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)也取得了重大進(jìn)展。[例1]Thehotelitselfcanaccommodate80guestsandinaddition，thereareseveralself-cateringapartments.酒店本身可容納80名客人，此外，還有幾個(gè)自助餐飲公寓。[例2]Unfortunately，thelocalleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmuch.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.然而不幸的是，地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)投資失誤，損失慘重。另外，他們還將數(shù)百萬美元的錢財(cái)挪為己用。[造句]你須要錢和時(shí)間，此外還須要努力。Youneedmoneyandtime.Inaddition，youneedhardwork.[學(xué)問拓展](1)inadditionto＝besides＝apart/asidefrom/aswellas 除……之外，還……(2)additionaladj. 額外的，附加的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Inadditiontoreading(read)forknowledge，wereadforfunandinspiration.②Hisgenerousdonationfilledourneedforadditional(addition)funds.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)intermsof依據(jù)；根據(jù)；在……方面；以……措詞(教材P27)Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.在環(huán)境方面，現(xiàn)在有可能創(chuàng)建一個(gè)智能步行屋。[例1]ThistitleranksalongsidetheOlympicsintermsofimportance.這項(xiàng)冠軍的重要程度可與奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍媲美。[例2]Thejobisgreatintermsofsalary，butithasitsdisadvantages.就薪水而言，這個(gè)工作倒是挺不錯(cuò)的，但也有一些不利之處。[造句]就費(fèi)用而言，你考慮收費(fèi)多少？Intermsofthecost，howmuchwereyouthinkingofcharging?[學(xué)問拓展]termn． 學(xué)期；術(shù)語intheshortterm 從短期來看；就眼前來說inthelongterm 從長遠(yuǎn)來看onone'sownterms 根據(jù)自己的條件beongoodtermswith 友好，關(guān)系良好；按條件[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①I'llonlytakethejobonmyownterms.②Suchadevelopmentseemsunlikely，atleastintheshortterm.[小片段填空]Intheshorttermweshouldstudyhardeverydaywhileinthelongtermweshouldattachimportancetooursocialskillsandourstudyatthesametime.Intermsofourdream，weshouldpayattentiontoeverysteponourwaytosuccess.Asfaraspossible，withoutgivingup，beongoodtermswithallpersonsaroundyou.短期來看我們應(yīng)當(dāng)每天努力學(xué)習(xí)，而長遠(yuǎn)來看我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把重點(diǎn)同時(shí)放在社交技能和學(xué)習(xí)兩方面。就幻想而言，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留意勝利道路上的每一步。只要有可能，不放棄，同全部人保持良好的關(guān)系。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)capableadj.有實(shí)力的；足以勝任的(教材P27)ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces，withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”．它可以運(yùn)用GPS技術(shù)各處旅行，用計(jì)算技術(shù)限制它的“腿”。[例1]He'squitecapableoflyingtogetoutoftrouble.靠撒謊渡過難關(guān)他挺有一套。[例2]I'mperfectlycapableofdoingitmyself，thankyou.感謝，我完全有實(shí)力自己做。[造句]你有實(shí)力做得比這更好。Youarecapableofbetterworkthanthis.[學(xué)問拓展]becapableof 有實(shí)力做某事incapableadj. 沒有實(shí)力(做某事)；不能自理的capablyadv. 能干地[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Thechildrenseemtobetotallycapableofwalking(walk)bythemselves.②Ifpeoplekeeptellingyouyou'reincapable(capable)，youbegintoloseconfidenceinyourself.[小片段填空]Thecapablemanwasregardedasveryboringtoworkwithandwasfoundlyingintheroad，drunkandincapable．Sodon'tthinkthatyouarecapableofdoingeverything.Sometimesyoucan'tevencapablydealwiththerelationshipbetweenpeoplearoundyou.這個(gè)有實(shí)力的人被認(rèn)為和他一起工作很乏味，隨后他被發(fā)覺躺在路邊，爛醉如泥。所以不要認(rèn)為你啥都能干。有時(shí)你甚至不能處理好和你身邊人的關(guān)系。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)leadto導(dǎo)致；通向(教材P27)Now，reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.現(xiàn)在，能源供應(yīng)的削減和環(huán)境的污染導(dǎo)致了新能源汽車技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。[例1]Suchamistakewouldperhapsleadtodisastrousresults.這樣一種錯(cuò)誤可能導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果。[例2]AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。[造句]過量的工作和過少的休息會(huì)引起疾病。Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.[學(xué)問拓展]leadsb.to＋someplace 帶領(lǐng)某人到某地leadtosb./sth.doingsth. 使得某人/某物做某事leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事leadahappylife 過著華蜜的生活[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①OurEnglishteacherhasastrangewayofleadingustostudy(study)Englishactively.②Thisstreetleadsyoutothestationandyoucanfindthesupermarketnearby.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)willbedoing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(教材P26)Thisevening，IwillbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst，whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.今晚，我將和理查德·費(fèi)爾赫斯特博士溝通，他的新書《獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新時(shí)代》剛剛出版。句式分析：該句的時(shí)態(tài)是將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是willbedoing表示將來的一段時(shí)間或者一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。[例1]I'llbestayingwithmyfriendatthistimetomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候我將正和摯友呆在一起。[例2]TheywillbeflyingacrosstheAtlanticat5o'clockthisafternoon.今日下午五點(diǎn)鐘他們將正在飛越大西洋。[造句]我下個(gè)星期來看你。Iwillbeseeingyounextweek.[學(xué)問拓展](1)表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶時(shí)間狀語。(2)表示已經(jīng)確定或支配好的要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(3)表示預(yù)料中要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(4)與一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)分：will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形通常表示臨時(shí)確定或個(gè)人意愿，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)沒有這層用法。begoingtodo表示支配、準(zhǔn)備和支配要發(fā)生或有種種跡象表明將要發(fā)生的事，而將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示主觀上臆斷和揣測(cè)要發(fā)生某事。[翻譯]①Itisaterriblyheavybox.Iwillhelpyoutocarryit.(我來幫你)②Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorainsoon.(將要下雨)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Pleasecometomorrowafternoon，Iwillbehaving(have)ameetingtomorrowmorning.②Thebadweather！Hopefully，whenhewakes(wake)uptomorrowmorning，thesunwillbeshining.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P27)ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces，withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”．它可以運(yùn)用GPS技術(shù)各處旅行，用計(jì)算技術(shù)限制它的“腿”。句式分析：本句中withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”是“with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。因賓語computingtechnology和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，所以賓語補(bǔ)足語用v.-ing形式，表示主動(dòng)。該結(jié)構(gòu)常作緣由、條件、時(shí)間、方式或伴隨狀語，也可作后置定語。[例1]Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywiththeheavyraingoingon.因?yàn)橥饷嫦麓笥?，我無法去度假。[例2]Helayonhisback，withhiseyeslookingupintothesky.他仰面躺著，眼向上盯著天空。[造句]冬天來了，該買厚衣服了。Withwintercomingon，it'stimetobuywarmclothes.[學(xué)問拓展]常見的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語with＋賓語＋doing(表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)with＋賓語＋done(表被動(dòng)、完成)with＋賓語＋todo(表未做)[翻譯]①Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowopenatnightinsummer.(窗戶開著)②Theteachercameinwithabookinhishand．(手里一本書)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Withsomanythingstodo(do)，Iwon'thavetimetogoouttonight.②Withtheproblemsettled(settle)，hewasveryhappy.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(教材P27)Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?那么是什么激勵(lì)著我們?nèi)オ?dú)創(chuàng)東西呢？句式分析：本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特別疑問句，疑問詞what是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，作句子的主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that(指人時(shí)可用who)＋其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分通常是句子的主語、賓語和狀語。[例1]ItwasinthestreetthatImetLiHua.我是在大街上遇到李華的。[例2]WhowasitthatwontheUSOpen?在美國公開賽上獲勝的是誰？[造句]他剛才見你的地方是在辦公室嗎？Wasitintheofficethathesawyoujustnow?[學(xué)問拓展](1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句：Was/Isit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that(強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who)...?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特別疑問句形式：疑問詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分...?(2)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判別方式：把itis/was及that去掉，調(diào)整后依舊是一個(gè)完整的句子；否則，就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。(4)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)同被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分的人稱和數(shù)保持一樣。[翻譯]①Itwasnotuntiltwelveo'clocklastnightthatIwenttobed.(直到昨晚十二點(diǎn))②ItwaswhenhetookoffhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.(他摘下來墨鏡的時(shí)候)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①ItwasHaydnwho/thatencouragedBeethoventomovetoVienna.②Iwantedtofigureoutwhenwasitthattheywentabroad.1．(教材P26)Itsuggeststhatthepresentdayisanewageforinventions，butmanypeoplemightthinkthatthegreatageofinventionisover.[分析]該句是but連接的并列復(fù)合句。but前后兩個(gè)都是主從復(fù)合句。前后兩個(gè)句子中that引導(dǎo)的都是賓語從句，分別作動(dòng)詞suggest和think的賓語。[譯文]這表明當(dāng)今是一個(gè)獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新時(shí)代，但很多人可能認(rèn)為獨(dú)創(chuàng)的宏大時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。2．(教材P26)Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，meanweshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.[分析]該句是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語是advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，謂語動(dòng)詞是mean；謂語動(dòng)詞后面的部分是賓語從句；其中的aswellastheflexiblebattery是插入語，表示補(bǔ)充說明。[譯文]例如，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)以及可穿戴技術(shù)方面的進(jìn)步，以及可折疊電池，意味著我們應(yīng)當(dāng)很快就會(huì)看到進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。教材高考1.Afaintbluelightshotacrossit，darkeningtopurple，andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson，wholivedontheothersideoftheearth，andhecouldseeher.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Infact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916，mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck，byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.2.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.(2024·江蘇卷)Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.3.BritishbiologistCharlesDarwin(1809－1882)isbestknownforhisworkOntheOriginofSpecies，inwhichheexplainschangesinspeciesduetonaturalselection.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Withsoloudnoisesgoing(go)outside，thestudentscouldn'tconcentrateonstudy.2．Itisbecausehewaslateforschoolmorethantwicethathewaspunishedtocleanthefloor.3．Thecrazydogwasshot(shoot)dead，thenburnedandburieddeepintothemud.4．Intermsoftheenvironment，weoweitanapologybecauseoftheheavypollution.5．Theoldmanwasforcedtopress(press)hisfingeronthecontract.6．Manycollegestudentscameherewiththenationalflagsheld(hold)upintheirhands.7．AtthistimenextweekIwillbesitting(sit)onabeachinGreece.8．Hiscarelessoperationledtohislosing(lose)mostofhismoneylentfromhisneighbours.9．First，choosethehandyouoftenusesothatyoucanapplyitflexibly(flexible)．10．Thelatestinventions(invention)inShanghaiImportExpoleaveadeepimpression.Ⅱ.短語填空leadto；intermsof；nodoubt；thanksto；givesb.someexamples；becapableof；virtualreality；insteadof；what'smore；inaddition1．Asweallknow，hardworkisessentialforourcareertoleadtosuccess.2．Intermsofwhathesaid，heknowsnothingabouttheaccidentthismorning.3．ButnodoubtyoustudiedinthesameseniorhighschoolasIdid.4．Thankstothebadweather，wehadmoretime