開學收心卷01評卷人得分閱讀理解A（23-24高二下·貴州黔南·期末）DiscussingtechoverusewithGenZisn’tgroundbreaking.Weallacknowledgetheimpactofdailydeviceusageonourhealth,well-being,andabilitytofocus.Afriendsuggeststhatoneday,we’llregardsocialmediauseassmoking—weknowit’sharmful,butwemightneedassistancetoquit.Popularsocialmediaandonlinedatingplatformsareintentionallyprogrammedtograbourattentionandkeepuscomingbackformore.OnplatformslikeTikTok,“ForYou”pageconstantlyrefresheswithnewcontent.Eventhethrillofmakingasuccessfulmatchonadatingappcanbeasexcitingaswinningonaslotmachine(老虎機：一種賭博機器).ResearchcompareshumansonsocialmediatoratsinanexperimentboxbypsychologistB．F.Skinner.WhenwesharevacationpicturesonInstagram,thelikeswereceiveencourageustorepeatthebehaviorinfuture.Butbeyondappdesign,thereasonsforourinabilitytodisconnectfromunhealthysocialmediaarecomplex.Itlikelyresultsfromalackofface-to-facesocialinteraction.Eveninbusyuniversitycenters,unscheduledinteractionsarerare;earbud-cladindividualssignaltheirpreferenceforundisturbedpeace.FormanyGenZmembers,mostsocialinteractionsnowoccurpartiallyonline.However,noteveryonefitsthispattern;somehavevibrantofflinelivesandusephonesminimally.Butformany,resistingthephone’stemptationistough—beingofflineoftenmeansfeelingalonewheneveryoneelseisonline.GenZhasmadeimpressiveimprovementstofightagainsttechoveruse.RoyceBranning,a2018graduate,foundedClearSpace,anapptoreducescreentime.However,tech-basedsolutionstotech-basedproblemsareonlyhalfthestory.Similartosmokingandsecondhandsmoke,excessiveInternetusereducesin-personconnectionopportunities.Thereisastoryinmyfamilyaboutmygrandfatherquittingsmokinguponseeinghissonplaywithcigarettes,thoughhe’dbeensmokingfor15years.Today,youngadultssweartoavoidraising“iPadkids”.Whilepromisingtogetridoffuturegenerations’badhabitsisadmirable,quittingourselvesbeforehandwouldbeevenbetter.1．Howdosocialmediaandonlinedatingplatformskeepusersengaged?A．Byorganizingofflineactivities. B．Byprovidinguserswithplatforms.C．Bykeepingconnectionswithusers. D．Bydesigningaddictivefunctions.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“earbud-cladindividuals”inParagraph3mean?A．Peoplehavingtheireartotheground. B．Peopleintolerantofnoise.C．Peopleenjoyingbeingalone. D．Peoplesufferingsocialanxiety.3．WhyisClearSpacementionedinParagraph5?A．Tostresstheseriousnessoftechoveruse. B．Toshowthelimitationsofthesolution.C．Todisplaytheimprovementsoftheapplication. D．Todiscussthemethodsofsocialconnection.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SolutionstoSocialMediaDetox B．ImpactsofTechAddictiononGenZC．GenZ’sDesiretoCommunication D．GenZ’sStrugglewithTechAddiction【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了Z世代對抗社交媒體成癮這種現(xiàn)象，分析了成癮背后的原因和現(xiàn)有技術解決方案的局限性，并指出要主動避免過度依賴社交媒體。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Popularsocialmediaandonlinedatingplatformsareintentionallyprogrammedtograbourattentionandkeepuscomingbackformore.(流行的社交媒體和在線約會平臺被故意設計來吸引我們的注意力，讓我們不斷回來尋求更多瀏覽。)”可知，社交媒體和在線約會平臺被故意設計來吸引用戶，使用戶反復返回使用，由此可推測，社交媒體和在線約會平臺設計了使人上癮的功能，讓用戶沉迷。故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語后面的“signaltheirpreferenceforundisturbedpeace”可知，這些人喜歡不被打擾的寧靜，由此可推測出，earbud-cladindividuals指那些不愿意被打擾、不愿意參與社交活動的人，與C選項“享受獨處的人”一致。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“RoyceBranning,a2018graduate,foundedClearSpace,anapptoreducescreentime.However,tech-basedsolutionstotech-basedproblemsareonlyhalfthestory.(2018年畢業(yè)的RoyceBranning創(chuàng)立了ClearSpace，這是一款減少屏幕時間的應用程序。然而，以基于技術的解決方案來解決技術問題只是故事的一半。)”可推測出，這款應用程序是用技術來解決技術問題，但只是解決了一半，也就是現(xiàn)有的技術解決方案無法達到成功脫癮的預期，具有局限性。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“DiscussingtechoverusewithGenZisn’tgroundbreaking.(與Z世代討論技術過度使用并不是開創(chuàng)性的。)”和“Afriendsuggeststhatoneday,we’llregardsocialmediauseassmoking—weknowit’sharmful,butwemightneedassistancetoquit.(一位朋友建議，有一天，我們會把使用社交媒體視為吸煙——我們知道這是有害的，但我們可能需要幫助戒煙。)”以及下文內容可知，本文主要圍繞“GenZ”和“techoveruse”展開，敘述了Z世代對抗社交媒體成癮這種現(xiàn)象。由此可推測，D項“Z世代對抗科技成癮”最適合作本文標題。故選D。B（23-24高二下·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·期末）Forgenerations,thenameMiltonHersheyhasbeenawell-knownwordcloselyconnectedwithfinechocolateproductsthroughoutthecountryandaroundtheworld.Hewasbornin1857onafarmnearDerryChurch,asmallPennsylvaniacommunity.Frequentfamilymovesinterruptedhisschoolingandlefthimwithlimitededucation.Heonlycompletedthefourthgrade.Followingafour-yearapprenticeship(學徒期)withaLancastercandymaker,heestablishedhisfirstcandy-makingbusinessinPhiladelphia.ThatinitialeffortfailedasdidhisnexttwoattemptsinChicagoandNewYork.However,henevergaveuphishopetobuilduphisownbusiness.ReturningtoLancasterin1883,HersheyestablishedtheLancasterCaramelCompany,whichquicklybecameanoutstandingsuccess.Itwasthisbusinessthatestablishedhimasacandymakerandsetthestageforfutureachievements.HersheybecamefascinatedwithGermanchocolate-makingmachineryexhibitedatthe1893World’sColumbianExposition.HeboughttheequipmentforhisLancasterplantandsoonbeganproducingvariouschocolatecreations.Thenin1900,hesoldtheLancasterCaramelCo.inordertofocusentirelyonhischocolatebusiness.Threeyearslater,HersheyreturnedtoDerryChurchtobuildanewfactory.Therehecouldobtainthelargesuppliesoffreshmilkneededtoperfectandproducefinemilkchocolate.Throughtrialanderror,hecreatedhisownformulaformilkchocolate.In1903hebeganconstructiononwhatwastobecometheworld’slargestchocolateplant.Afteritscompletion,Hershey'smilkchocolatequicklybecamethefirstnationallymarketedproductofitskind.WithMiltonHershey’ssuccesscameagreatsenseofsocialresponsibility.Hersheycreatedacompletelynewcommunityaroundhisfactory.Hebuiltamodeltownforhisemployeesthatincludedcomfortablehomes,aninexpensivepublictransportationsystem,aqualitypublicschoolsystemandbroadculturalopportunities.ThetownofHersheycontinuestobeaspecialplaceforitsresidentsandapopularatactionformillionsofvisitorseachyear.Indeed,MiltonHershey'sachievementsdospeakforthemselves.5．WhatstoppedHersheyfromhavingsystematicschooleducation?A．Hisfamily’scontinualrelocation. B．Hislackofinterestinstudy.C．Hisfailuretomeetschoolrequirements. D．Hisparents’attachinglittlevaluetoeducation.6．WhydidHersheysellhisLancasterplant?A．Theplanthadsufferedahugeloss.B．Theproducedcandieswereoflowquality.C．Hismachinerybusinessneededalotofmoney.D．Hedecidedtocommithimselftochocolateproduction.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHershey?A．Gentleandopen-minded. B．Determinedandpublic-spirited.C．Honestandgenerous. D．Humorousandcreative.8．Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess. B．Manyhandsmakelightwork.C．Impossibleisnothingtoawillingheart. D．Greathopesandgoodwillsmakegreatman.【答案】5．A6．D7．B8．D【導語】本文屬于記敘文，主要介紹MiltonHershey創(chuàng)辦Hershey’sChocolate的歷程，以及他的社會責任感。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Frequentfamilymovesinterruptedhisschoolingandlefthimwithlimitededucation.Heonlycompletedthefourthgrade.(頻繁的家庭搬遷中斷了他的學業(yè)，使他所受的教育有限。他只讀完了四年級)”可知，家庭的不斷搬遷阻止Hershey接受系統(tǒng)的學校教育。故選A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thenin1900,hesoldtheLancasterCaramelCo.inordertofocusentirelyonhischocolatebusiness.(然后在1900年，他賣掉了蘭開斯特焦糖公司，以便完全專注于他的巧克力生意。)”可知，為了專注于巧克力業(yè)務，Hershey賣掉了Lancaster焦糖公司。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Followingafour-yearapprenticeship(學徒期)withaLancastercandymaker,heestablishedhisfirstcandy-makingbusinessinPhiladelphia.ThatinitialeffortfailedasdidhisnexttwoattemptsinChicagoandNewYork.However,henevergaveuphishopetobuilduphisownbusiness.ReturningtoLancasterin1883,HersheyestablishedtheLancasterCaramelCompany,whichquicklybecameanoutstandingsuccess.(在蘭開斯特一家糖果制造商當了四年學徒之后，他在費城建立了自己的第一家糖果制造公司。最初的嘗試失敗了，接下來他在芝加哥和紐約的兩次嘗試也失敗了。然而，他從未放棄自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的希望。1883年，Hershey回到蘭開斯特，成立了蘭開斯特焦糖公司，并迅速取得了巨大的成功。)”可知，雖然失敗了幾次，但Hershey沒有放棄，最終建立了自己的公司并獲得成功，由此推知他有決心；根據(jù)最后一段的“WithMiltonHershey’ssuccesscameagreatsenseofsocialresponsibility.Hersheycreatedacompletelynewcommunityaroundhisfactory.Hebuiltamodeltownforhisemployeesthatincludedcomfortablehomes,aninexpensivepublictransportationsystem,aqualitypublicschoolsystemandbroadculturalopportunities.(MiltonHershey的成功帶來了巨大的社會責任感。Hershey在他的工廠周圍建立了一個全新的社區(qū)。他為他的員工建造了一個模范城鎮(zhèn)，包括舒適的住房、廉價的公共交通系統(tǒng)、高質量的公立學校系統(tǒng)和廣泛的文化機會。)”推知，他熱心公益。故選B。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,henevergaveuphishopetobuilduphisownbusiness.(然而，他從未放棄自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的希望。)”以及最后一段“WithMiltonHershey’ssuccesscameagreatsenseofsocialresponsibility.Hersheycreatedacompletelynewcommunityaroundhisfactory.Hebuiltamodeltownforhisemployeesthatincludedcomfortablehomes,aninexpensivepublictransportationsystem,aqualitypublicschoolsystemandbroadculturalopportunities.(MiltonHershey的成功帶來了巨大的社會責任感。Hershey在他的工廠周圍建立了一個全新的社區(qū)。他為他的員工建造了一個模范城鎮(zhèn)，包括舒適的住房、廉價的公共交通系統(tǒng)、高質量的公立學校系統(tǒng)和廣泛的文化機會。)”并通讀全文可知，文章主要講述MiltonHershey滿懷熱情和希望，不畏失敗，永不言棄地創(chuàng)辦Hershey’sChocolate的歷程，以及他的社會責任感，因此D項“偉大的希望和強大的意志造就偉大的人”為最佳標題，故選D。C（23-24高二下·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·期末）Imagineyou’reoutforaneveningwalkinaforeigncity,lookingtofindarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?Intouristareas,earlydinershavenomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoose,sotheymayhavepickedtheireveningeateryonawhim(一時興起).Followingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.Thiscouldhaveresultedinasnow-ballingeffect,wherebyever-increasingnumbersofcustomerswereattractedtotherestaurantinquestion,creatingafalseimpressionofapproval.Therefore,followingtheexampleofotherscouldhaveledtoasuboptimal(次優(yōu)的)dinnerchoiceinanovercrowdedrestaurant.Blindlycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehavior(從眾行為).”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Averagejudgmentsoflargegroupsofpeopleoftenoutperformindividualchoices.Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort—afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”—whilehelpingtomaintainafavorablefame.Finally,followingtheherdreducestheeffortneededtomakeapersonaloruniquedecision;itisthereforeaneasyoption.Herdbehaviors,whilecommonandeasytoexplain,holdsignificantdangers.Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgmentsofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviorstypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyevaluatingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrationalorsimplystupidbehaviors.Asaresult,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingnegativeinfluencesonconsumerchoices,likeintherestaurantexampleabove.Itappearsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelure(誘惑)ofherdbehavior.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorsasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.9．HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Bygivingexample. B．Bypresentingfact.C．Byanalyzingthecauseandeffect. D．Bymakingcomparison.10．Whatisonereasonwhypeopletendtofollowthecrowd?A．Itleadstoaveragejudgments. B．Itbringsasenseofsecurity.C．Itchallengesafavorablereputation. D．Itallowsforbetterdecision-making.11．Whatdoestheunderlined“informationcascades”meaninPara5?A．Adoptingothers’beliefsorchoiceswithoutevaluation.B．Criticalevaluationofunderlyingreasonsforchoices.C．Averagejudgmentsformedbylargegroupsofpeople.D．Independentcollectionofindividualopinionsandjudgements.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Followingtheherdcangreatlybenefitusinvariousaspects.B．Itisnoeasytaskforpeopletoresistthelureofherdbehavior.C．Itisnecessarytothinkcriticallyratherthanfollowtheherdblindly.D．Thebusiestrestaurantisnotnecessarilythebestoneintouristareas.【答案】9．A10．B11．A12．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是從眾行為的危險性和難以抗拒性，以及提出了一些可能的解決方法。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Intouristareas,earlydinershavenomeaningfulcluesastowhichrestauranttochoose,sotheymayhavepickedtheireveningeateryonawhim(一時興起).Followingpassers-bymayhavemisinterpretedtheirrestaurantchoiceasawell-informeddecisionandblindlyfollowedtheirexample.(在旅游區(qū)，早到的食客對于選擇哪家餐館沒有任何有意義的線索，所以他們可能是一時興起才選擇晚上的餐館。跟隨的路人可能誤解了他們選擇餐館的決定，并盲目地進行效仿。)”可知，第二段是通過舉例展開的，故選A。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Furthermore,followingthecrowdappearstoofferprotectionandcomfort—afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”—whilehelpingtomaintainafavorablefame.(此外，隨大流似乎提供了保護和舒適——畢竟，“人多安全”——同時有助于保持良好的聲譽。)”可知，人們容易隨大流的原因之一是它帶來了安全感。故選B。11．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyevaluatingtheunderlyingreasons(人們在沒有批判性地評估潛在原因的情況下接受他人的信仰或復制他人的選擇)”可知，informationcascades的意思是“人們不經(jīng)過批判性思考就接受他人的觀點或選擇”，即Adoptingothers’beliefsorchoiceswithoutevaluation。故選A。12．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段“Blindlycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehavior(從眾行為).”Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals.(盲目地模仿別人的想法或選擇，或者只是隨大流，通常被稱為“從眾行為”。這在人類和許多其他動物中是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。)”，倒數(shù)第二段“Herdbehaviors,whilecommonandeasytoexplain,holdsignificantdangers.(從眾行為雖然很常見，也很容易解釋，但卻有很大的危險。)”和最后一段“Itappearsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelure(誘惑)ofherdbehavior.(似乎沒有快速和簡單的方法來抵制從眾行為的誘惑。)”可知，本文主要講的是從眾行為的危險性和難以抗拒性，以及提出了一些可能的解決方法，因此本文的主旨是B選項“Itisnoeasytaskforpeopletoresistthelureofherdbehavior.(對人們來說，抵制從眾行為的誘惑并非易事。)”。故選B。D（23-24高二下·湖南·期末）FromthehillsofWestVirginiatotheflatsofruralAustralia,someoftheworld’slargesttelescopesarelisteningforsignalsfromdistantalien(外星的)civilizations.Theproject,knownasSETI,isanefforttofindartificiallookingelectromagnetic-radiation(電磁輻射)signalsthatmighthavecomefromatechnologicallyadvancedcivilizationinafar-awaysolarsystem.Arecentstudydescribesoneofseveraleffortstousemachinelearning,asubsetofAI,tohelpastronomersquicklysortthroughthelargeamountsofdatasuchsurveysgenerate.AsAIreshapesmanyscientificfields,whatpromisedoesitholdforthesearchforlifebeyondEarth?“ItisaneweraforSETIresearchthatisopeningupthankstomachinelearningtechnology,”saysFranckMarchis,aplanetaryastronomerattheSETIInstituteinMountainView,California.Fordecades,thefieldwasrestrictedbyhavinghardlyanydataatall.MostoftheSETIsearchesthatfollowedwerealsolimitedtoasmallnumberofstars.In2015,billionaireYuriMilnerfundedthebiggestSETIprogrammeever:theBreakthroughListenprojecttosearchonemillionstarsforsignsofintelligentlife.Butthetroubleisthatthesesearchesgeneratelargeamountsofdata—includingfalsepositivesproducedbyEarthlyinterference(干擾)frommobilephones,GPSandotheraspectsofmodernlife.“ThebiggestchallengeforusinlookingforSETIsignalsisnotatthispointgettingthedata,”saysSofiaSheikh,anastronomerattheSETIInstitute.“ThedifficultpartisdifferentiatingsignalsfromEarthtechnologyfromthekindofsignalswe’dbelookingforfromtechnologysomewhereelseintheGalaxy.AstronomersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA),saytheywilllaunchacommunityscienceprojectinwhichvolunteerswillsortthroughimagesofradiosignalsandclassifythemaspotentialtypesofinterference.”SETIwillprobablyuseamixtureofclassicalandmachine-learningapproachestosortthroughdata.Classicalalgorithms(經(jīng)典算法)remainexcellentatpickingupsignals,andmachinelearningcan’tdoeverything,"saysJean-LucMargot,anastronomeratUCLA．13．WhatisthepurposeofSETI?A．Tosearchforalienlifeinouterspace.B．ToexplorethegeographyofAustralia.C．TostudytheancientcivilizationofEarth.D．Tosendradiosignalstothedistantsolarsystem.14．WhatisthekeyfactorinSETIresearch?A．Theupgradeofdata-storingequipment.B．Theapplicationofmachine-learningtechnology.C．Thedevelopmentofradiocommunicationsystems.D．Theinventionofthelargesttelescopeintheworld.15．WhatisthemostchallengingpartoftheSETIproject?A．Raisingfundsforlong-termresearch.B．Obtainingenoughdatafromonemillionstars.C．Distinguishingaliensignalsfromhumansignals.D．AvoidinginterferingwithGPSandmobilephones.16．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Advantagesofclassicalalgorithms.B．FurtherplanfortheSETIprogramme.C．Thegoalofthecommunity-scienceproject.D．Improvementsinmachine-learningapproaches.【答案】13．A14．B15．C16．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了致力于尋找類似人造電磁輻射的信號的SETI項目，以及該項目的研究關鍵和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theproject,knownasSETI,isanefforttofindartificiallookingelectromagnetic-radiation(電磁輻射)signalsthatmighthavecomefromatechnologicallyadvancedcivilizationinafar-awaysolarsystem.”(該項目被稱為SETI，旨在尋找看起來像人造的電磁輻射信號，這些信號可能來自遙遠太陽系中技術先進的文明。)可知，SETI項目的目的是尋找外太空的生命。故選A。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisaneweraforSETIresearchthatisopeningupthankstomachinelearningtechnology”(借助機器學習技術，SETI研究進入了一個新時代)可知，機器學習技術是SETI研究的關鍵因素。故選B。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ThedifficultpartisdifferentiatingsignalsfromEarthtechnologyfromthekindofsignalswe’dbelookingforfromtechnologysomewhereelseintheGalaxy”(困難的部分是區(qū)分來自地球技術的信號和我們在銀河系其他地方尋找的信號)可知，SETI項目最具挑戰(zhàn)的部分是區(qū)分地球技術信號和外星技術信號。故選C。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“SETIwillprobablyuseamixtureofclassicalandmachine-learningapproachestosortthroughdata.Classicalalgorithms(經(jīng)典算法)remainexcellentatpickingupsignals,andmachinelearningcan’tdoeverything,"saysJean-LucMargot,anastronomeratUCLA.”（SETI可能會混合使用經(jīng)典方法和機器學習方法來整理數(shù)據(jù)。加州大學洛杉磯分校的天文學家Jean-LucMargot說:“經(jīng)典算法在獲取信號方面仍然很出色，機器學習不能做所有事情。）可知，最后一段主要關于SETI項目的進一步計劃。故選B。閱讀理解七選五（23-24高二下·黑龍江哈爾濱·期末）ThewomanbringingMandarintoUgandaWangLihongSooma,whomovedtoEastAfricafromChinamorethantwodecadesago,isdeterminedtoteachUgandanshowtospeakMandarin(普通話).17Thefirst30teachershavenowcompletedtheirtrainingandhavestartedholdingMandarinclassesinschoolsacrossthecountry.Fortymoreteachersarenowenrolled(入學)andclassesstartat8:00andfinishat22:00fromMondaytoFriday.18However,PavinMulokwa,ateacherfromMbarara,seesitasanopportunitytobroadenherjobprospects.Anothertrainee,PraiseTwebaze,agreesandhopesitwillenablehimtotraveltoo.19GaoYahui,whohasbeenteachingMandarininUgandaforayear,saysithaschangedherunderstandingofAfrica.FromXi’ancityincentralChina,the39-year-oldleftherhusbandandchildbehindtocomeandteachbutwaswarnedbyherfamilyandfriendsnottobecauseof“diseasesandwar”.“20WhenIgobacktoChina,IwillintroducetherealAfricatothepeopleinChinaandchangetheirwayoflookingatAfrica.”Wang’sgoalistohave100teacherstrainedupandteachingMandarinin60Ugandanschoolsby2023.Sheseesitasawin-winsituation,givingtheexampleofhowChinesehavebenefitedfromlearningEnglish.“21Welearnttheirtechnologyandskillsandthenwedeveloped.”A．Theylearnourlanguage.B．Ijustthinkinthesameway.C．Welearnttheirlanguageandweunderstoodthem.D．WhenIcamehere,itchangedmyfixedideasaboutAfricanpeople.E．ItisnotjustUgandanswhoseethiscourseasalife-changingopportunity.F．Sheandherhusbandareorganisingnine-monthcoursesforteacherstolearnMandarin.G．Tobecomefluentandbeabletoteachalanguagewithinninemonthsisahugeundertaking.【答案】17．F18．G19．E20．D21．C【導語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了一名中國女子在烏干達辦學教中文的故事。17．根據(jù)該空上一句“WangLihongSooma,whomovedtoEastAfricafromChinamorethantwodecadesago,isdeterminedtoteachUgandanshowtospeakMandarin(普通話).(20多年前從中國移居東非的王麗紅·索瑪(WangLihongSooma)決心教烏干達人說普通話。)”和下文“Thefirst30teachershavenowcompletedtheirtrainingandhavestartedholdingMandarinclassesinschoolsacrossthecountry.(首批30名教師現(xiàn)已完成培訓，并開始在全國各地的學校開設普通話課程。)”可知,王麗紅決定教授烏干達人學習漢語,而第一批受訓的教師已經(jīng)結業(yè)。F項“她和丈夫正在為教師組織為期9個月的普通話課程?！碧岬酵觖惣t和她的丈夫開設了針對教師的為期九個月的漢語培訓課程,符合此處語境。故選F項。18．該空與下一句為轉折關系。根據(jù)下文“However,PavinMulokwa,ateacherfromMbarara,seesitasanopportunitytobroadenherjobprospects.Anothertrainee,PraiseTwebaze,agreesandhopesitwillenablehimtotraveltoo.(然而，來自姆巴拉拉的教師PavinMulokwa認為這是一個拓寬自己就業(yè)前景的機會。另一位學員普雷茲·特韋伯茲對此表示贊同，并希望這也能讓他去旅行。)”可知,烏干達的一名教師把學習漢語看成是拓展職業(yè)前景的機遇。G項“要在9個月內掌握一門流利的語言并能夠教授它是一項艱巨的任務。”提到在九個月內學會漢語是一項艱巨的任務，符合此處語境。故選G項。19．該空承上啟下。根據(jù)下文“GaoYahui,whohasbeenteachingMandarininUgandaforayear,saysithaschangedherunderstandingofAfrica.(在烏干達教漢語已有一年的高雅慧(音譯)表示，這改變了她對非洲的理解。)”可知,不僅烏干達人把學習漢語看作是改變人生的機會,這也是中國人重新認識烏干達的機會,故E項“不僅僅是烏干達人將這門課程視為改變人生的機會?！狈洗颂幷Z境。故選E項。20．根據(jù)該空前“FromXi’ancityincentralChina,the39-year-oldleftherhusbandandchildbehindtocomeandteachbutwaswarnedbyherfamilyandfriendsnottobecauseof“diseasesandwar”.(來自中國中部城市西安，39歲的她離開丈夫和孩子來這里教書，但她的家人和朋友警告她不要來，因為“疾病和戰(zhàn)爭”。)”的waswarnedbyherfamilyandfriendsnottobecauseof“diseasesandwar”和該空后的“WhenIgobacktoChina,IwillintroducetherealAfricatothepeopleinChinaandchangetheirwayoflookingatAfrica.”(當我回到中國時，我要把真實的非洲介紹給中國人民，改變他們對非洲的看法?！?”可知,高女士去了烏干達之后,重新認識了非洲人,因此D項“當我來到這里，它改變了我對非洲人的固有觀念?！狈洗颂幷Z境。故選D項。21．該空與下一句為并列關系。根據(jù)上句“Sheseesitasawin-winsituation,givingtheexampleofhowChinesehavebenefitedfromlearningEnglish.(她認為這是一個雙贏的局面，并舉了中國人如何從學習英語中受益的例子。)”中的givingtheexampleofhowChinesehavebenefitedfromlearningEnglish可知，王麗紅以中國學生通過學習英文了解英美國家并獲益為例,進一步說明了我們學習他們的語言、理解他們的想法、學習他們的科技與技術,繼而我們可以得到發(fā)展,故C項“我們學會了他們的語言，理解了他們?！狈洗颂幷Z境。故選C項。評卷人得分二、完形填空（2024·河北滄州·三模）ItwaslateNovember.Mostoftheleaveshadfallenoffthetrees,leavingonly22brancheswavinginthesurroundingmountains.Theskywasgraywithclouds23downacold,bone-chillingrain.Mymood24theday.TheolderIgot,thelessitseemedIlikedthewintermonths.WhenIwasaboy,theymeantplayinginthesnow,makingsnowmen,havingsnowballfights,andthencurlingupwithmydogbythe25andreadingmyfavoritebooks.Butnowtheyjustmeantwatchingthedaysget26drivingondarkroads,andfeelingthecoldwind27myfacelikeaslap.Isighedandlaydownonmybed.Afeelingof28settledovermyspiritandIwishedIcouldgetunderthecoversandsleepuntilspring.Justthenmylittledog29ontomybedandlookedatmewithherbig,weteyes.Shelookedsosadand30thatIlaughedandpettedher.I31sheoftenmirroredmymoods.Ismiledandcontinuedtopetherhead32shetoobrokeintoahappysmile.Isnuggledup(依偎)withher,lookinguptothegraysky.Thelittledog33methatinlifethewholeworldaroundusisourmirror.Wecaneitherbea34oflightorashadowofdarkness.Wecaneithergivetheworldourkindnessorour35.Mylittlepupshowedmeonceagainthatlifeis36whatwemakeitandthatwecanreflectourwarmth,love,andlighteveninwinter’sdarkestdays.22．A．rough B．bare C．dead D．thick23．A．throwing B．going C．falling D．breaking24．A．influenced B．a(chǎn)ttacked C．matched D．lifted25．A．wall B．river C．snow D．stove26．A．warmer B．longer C．shorter D．colder27．A．over B．a(chǎn)gainst C．beneath D．towards28．A．happiness B．panic C．curiosity D．depression29．A．jumpedup B．heldup C．tookup D．liftedup30．A．exhausted B．doubtful C．disappointed D．miserable31．A．disapproved B．challenged C．complained D．a(chǎn)cknowledged32．A．while B．unless C．until D．a(chǎn)fter33．A．reminded B．persuaded C．warned D．stimulated34．A．temperature B．reflection C．recovery D．shape35．A．hope B．mood C．a(chǎn)nger D．joy36．A．rarely B．possibly C．partially D．truly【答案】22．B23．A24．C25．D26．C27．B28．D29．A30．D31．D32．C33．A34．B35．C36．D【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要通過自己和狗狗的在一個冬天的經(jīng)歷，體會到生活真的是我們自己創(chuàng)造的，即使在冬天最黑暗的日子里，我們也能反映出我們的快樂、愛和光明。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：樹上的葉子大多落了，只剩下光禿禿的樹枝在周圍的群山中搖曳。A.rough粗糙的；B.bare光禿禿的；C.dead死的；D.thick厚的。根據(jù)上文“Mostoftheleaveshadfallenoffthetrees”可知，葉子都掉落了，所以是光禿禿的。故選B項。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：天空灰蒙蒙的，烏云密布，下著刺骨的冷雨。A.throwing投；B.going去；C.falling降落；D.breaking打破，折斷。根據(jù)下文“downacold,bone-chillingrain”可知，下著刺骨的冷雨。固定搭配throwdownrain“下雨”。故選A項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心情與天氣相符。A.influenced影響；B.attacked襲擊；C.matched匹配；D.lifted提起，舉起。根據(jù)下文“Isighedandlaydownonmybed.Afeelingof

7settledovermyspiritandIwishedIcouldgetunderthecoversandsleepuntilspring.”可知，作者的心情與陰沉的天氣相符。故選C項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我還是個小男孩的時候，它們意味著在雪地里玩耍，堆雪人，打雪仗，然后和我的狗蜷縮在火爐旁，讀我最喜歡的書。A.wall墻；B.river河流；C.snow雪；D.stove爐子。根據(jù)下文“readingmyfavoritebooks.”可知，是在溫暖的爐火旁，享受著讀書的快樂。故選D項。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在，它們只意味著看著白天越來越短，在黑暗的道路上開車，感覺冷風打在我的臉上，就像打了我一巴掌。A.warmer溫暖的；B.longer較長的；C.shorter較短的；D.colder較冷的。根據(jù)下文“ondarkroads”可知，白天越來越短。故選C項。27．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在，它們只意味著看著白天越來越短，在黑暗的道路上開車，感覺冷風打在我的臉上，就像打了我一巴掌。A.over懸在……上面；B.against迎著；C.beneath在……下方；D.towards朝向。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ikeaslap”可知，冷風打在作者的臉上。故選B項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一種沮喪的感覺籠罩著我的精神，我希望我能鉆進被窩，睡到春天。A.happiness快樂；B.panic恐慌；C.curiosity好奇；D.depression沮喪。根據(jù)上文“Isighedandlaydownonmybed”可知，作者是沮喪的。故選D項。29．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我的小狗跳上我的床，用她濕漉漉的大眼睛看著我。A.jumpedup跳起來；B.heldup支撐；C.tookup從事；D.liftedup提升。根據(jù)下文“ontomybedandlookedatmewithherbig,weteyes”可知，小狗跳上床。故選A項。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她看起來那么悲傷和痛苦，我笑著撫摸著她。A.exhausted筋疲力盡的；B.doubtful懷疑的；C.disappointed失望的；D.miserable痛苦的。根據(jù)上文“sosad”可知，看起來那么悲傷和痛苦。故選D項。31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我承認她經(jīng)常反映我的心情。A.disapproved不同意；B.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；C.complained抱怨；D.acknowledged承認。根據(jù)下文“sheoftenmirroredmymoods.”可知，這是作者承認的內容。故選D項。32．考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：我笑了笑，繼續(xù)撫摸著她的頭，直到她也露出幸福的笑容。A.while然而；B.unless除非；C.until直到；D.after之后。根據(jù)句意可知，本句為until引導的時間狀語從句。故選C項。33．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：小狗提醒我，在生活中，我們周圍的整個世界都是我們的鏡子。A.reminded提醒；B.persuaded說服；C.warned警告；D.stimulated刺激。根據(jù)上文“sheoftenmirroredmymoods.”可知，小狗在提醒作者，周圍的整個世界都是我們的鏡子。故選A項。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們既可以成為光明的反射，也可以成為黑暗的陰影。A.temperature溫度；B.reflection反射；C.recovery恢復；D.shape形狀。根據(jù)常識及下文“oflight