2012-2013年黃岡中學(xué)同步教學(xué)測(cè)試試卷定語(yǔ)從句測(cè)試試卷（講評(píng)卷）考試范圍：定語(yǔ)從句；考試時(shí)間：100分鐘；姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前填寫(xiě)好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2．請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫(xiě)在答題卡上一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thehotel___youarethinking,Kate,istoodirty,I’mafraid.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.ofwhich【答案】D2.Heisastrictbutkindteacher,_____isalwaystryingtomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.oneB.heC.onewhoD.hewho【答案】C3.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept______whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

【答案】A【解析】theones=thepupils，做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。4.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich【答案】D【解析】forwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),可用why來(lái)替代.5.Marywasapainterofbirdsandofnature,____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.()A.which B.whom C.who D.where【答案】C6.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversityA.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat【答案】A7.Sheheardagreatnoise,________grewtoaroar.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where【答案】B8.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatthehighestspeed______Ihaveneverseen.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】D9.Thereisanunpleasantsubject____wemightargueforalongtime.A.inwhichB.withthemC.aboutwhichD.withit【答案】C10.Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork? A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained【答案】A二、單詞拼寫(xiě)11.Sheisatotellothersthatshedidn’tpasstheexam.【答案】ashamed三、完形填空12.Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Before1thisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome2concepts.Conflict,3asoppositionamongsocialunits-orindividuals-directedagainstoneanother,is4fromcompetition,which5oppositionamongsocialunits6seekingtoobtainsomethingwhichis7inadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotknowaboutoneanother,whilethosewho8inaconflictdo.Conflictandcompetitionareboth9ofopposition.Themeaningofoppositionhasbeenstatedasaprocessbywhichsocialunitfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother,oppositionis10contrastedtocooperation,a11bywhichsocialunitsfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.These12arenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimited13,butconflictisn’t.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirable14Manyauthorshave15theirargumentsthatwarcannotbeavoidedontheideathatinthestruggleforexistenceamonggroupsofanimals,onlythosewhicharebest16remainalive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Thosewhofailinthiscompetition17starvetodeathorare18byothertypesofanimals.Thisstrugglefor19isnotsimilartohumanwar,butislikethecompetitionof20forjobs,markets,andmaterials.Themostimportantqualityofthisstruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatarenotenoughtosatisfyall.1.A.considering B.solving C.answering D.saying 2.A.related B.used C.translated D.sacred 3.A.specified B.remarked C.defined D.claimed 4.A.variable B.distinguished C.various D.isolated 5.A.acknowledged B.denies C.assumes D.means 6.A.critically B.approximately C.independently D.costly 7.A.on B.for C.with D.in 8.A.enter B.participate C.fall D.involve 9.A.formations B.classes C.terms D.reactions 10.A.nevertheless B.however C.thus D.maybe 11.A.procession B.standard C.process D.measurement 12.A.accounts B.definitions C.descriptions D.explanations 13.A.resources B.origins C.sources D.materials 14.A.matter B.element C.event D.coincidence 15.A.concentrated B.fixed C.centered D.based 16.A.encouraged B.accepted C.adapted D.adopted 17.A.notonly B.either C.neither D.both 18.A.killed B.raised C.fired D.surrounded 19.A.resistence B.privilege C.favour D.employment 20.A.workers B.officials C.individuals D.residents 【答案】AACBDCDBBCCBABDCBAAC【解析】1.A考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前，有必要介紹一些與之相關(guān)的概念。2.A“相關(guān)的概念”，應(yīng)用related。3.Cdefine,“解釋”，“下定義”，后面經(jīng)常接as;specify,“指定”，“指明”。Theregulationsspecifythatyoumayuseadictionaryintheexamination。remark,“說(shuō)”。claim,“要求承認(rèn)某人之身份，所有權(quán)”。Doesanyoneclaimthisumbrella?有沒(méi)有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)這把傘？沖突，指的是社會(huì)單位，團(tuán)體或個(gè)人之間的對(duì)抗。它與“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”不同。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)指的是社會(huì)單位間為奪取一種不足夠的供應(yīng)而進(jìn)行的對(duì)抗。4.Bdistinguishfrom區(qū)別，不同；variable與various(多樣的)后面一般不接from;isolated“與……隔離開(kāi)來(lái)”。5.D對(duì)前面competition的解釋?zhuān)耙馕吨薄?.Ccritically批判地；approximately大致地；independently獨(dú)立地；不受控制地；costly形容詞，昂貴的。根據(jù)文中含義，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手各自尋求物質(zhì)，所以才會(huì)有沖突”。所以此外選C為宜。7.Dinshort(inadequate)supply“缺乏的”為固定搭配，一般不用其它介詞。8.Benterin登記姓名，細(xì)節(jié)等。例：enterinaniteminanaccountbook將一筆賬記入賬本；fallin陷入，例fallinlovewithsb.involvein“卷入”，一般為卷入某個(gè)事件；participatein參與。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者們可能彼此不了解，而沖突者們則熟識(shí)對(duì)方。9.Bformation,構(gòu)成;terms,術(shù)語(yǔ);reactions,反映;classes在此處指“種類(lèi)，類(lèi)別”。沖突和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都屬于對(duì)抗。10.C選這類(lèi)連接副詞時(shí)，關(guān)鍵是弄清句與句之間意義關(guān)系。上句講到對(duì)抗就是彼此不服務(wù)。這句講到合作就是彼此服務(wù)。他們之間連接詞自然就是“因此”了，因此他們相反。對(duì)抗與合作相反。合作指的是社會(huì)單位互相服務(wù)。11.Cprocession隊(duì)伍，行列；standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；process過(guò)程；measurement衡量。上句中談到對(duì)抗是彼此不服務(wù)時(shí)，用的是“aprocessbywhichsocial...”,此處與上句這部分結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同，就可套用process一詞。12.Baccounts敘述；definitions，定義，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解釋。文章第二句話(huà)是第一自然段主題句：介紹幾個(gè)概念，然后作者分別介紹。本題中用thesedefinitions“這些概念”則與上文渾然一體。對(duì)這些定義的理解非常必要，因?yàn)橛斜匾獜?qiáng)調(diào)，個(gè)人或團(tuán)體之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在這個(gè)資源有限的世界是難免的，而沖突則是可免的。13.Aresource資源，指國(guó)家、人類(lèi)或個(gè)人所擁有的人力及物力，例：Wemustexploitthenaturalresourcesofourcountry.我們必須開(kāi)發(fā)本國(guó)的天然資源。source指河的源頭：thesourceofNile尼羅河的發(fā)源地。source還指出處，來(lái)源，例：Thenewscomesfromareliablesource.這項(xiàng)消息出自可靠的來(lái)源。origin起源，theoriginofaquarrel爭(zhēng)吵的起因。此空前為aworldoflimited一個(gè)有限資源的世界，因此選A。14.B沖突很可能發(fā)生，它可能是人類(lèi)社會(huì)必不可少、值得得到的要素。15.Dbase...on...把……建立在……上。16.C只有那些適應(yīng)（能力）強(qiáng)的才活下來(lái)。17.B看到or就會(huì)想到either;notonly...butalso;neither...nor...,both...and都是固定搭配。在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中失敗的動(dòng)物，要不就是餓死，要不就被別的動(dòng)物殺死。18.A由前句starvetodeath和or可知，此處應(yīng)同death意義相近。19.A為生存的抗?fàn)幉煌谌祟?lèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。20.C由后面的jobs,marketsandmaterials可知，此處應(yīng)填“個(gè)人”。workers,officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。四、閱讀理解13.AmericanscientistMorseSolomonhasdevelopedanunusualmethodtomakemeatsofter.First,putakilogramormoreoffirmmeatinacontainerfilledwithwater.Addasmallamountofexplosives.Then,mixcarefullyandexplode.No,MisterMorseisnotattemptingtodestroythemeat.Instead,heismakingitsofterandalsokillingharmfulbacteria.MisterSolomonisameatscientistwiththeUnitedStatesAgriculturalResearchService.Hebegantoexploretheuseofshockwavestosoftenmeattenyearsago.HismethodiscalledtheHydrodynamicPressureProcess.Thetheoryissimple.Shockwavesfromanexplosiontravelthroughwatertothemeat.Theshockwavestearsmallpiecesofmuscleandotherparticlesawayfromthemeat.Thismakesthemeatsofterandeasiertoeat.Theshockwavesalsoreducetheamountofbacteriainthemeat.TheDepartmentofAgriculturesaystheprocesscouldincreasefoodsafetyforcompaniesthatsellmeat.UncookedmeatmaycontainorganismssuchastheEscherichiacolibacteria,alsoknownasE.coli.E.colicanmakepeoplesickiftheyeatmeatthatisnotwellcooked.TheHydrodynamicPressureProcessmayhelpreduceconcernsaboutharmfulbacteriainmeat.OtherAmericanscientistsattemptedtoimprovetheprocess.Theyusedathick-walledmetalcontainerthatwasburiedintheground.Thisdevicedidnotimprovethequalityofthemeatasmuchasthesimplermethod.However,thescientistsfoundthereseemedtobefewerbacteriainthemeatthanbeforetheprocess.ScientistshaddemonstratedthattheHydrodynamicPressureProcesscouldimprovelargepiecesofmeat.Next,theywantedtoseeiftheprocessreducedbacterialevelsinsmallerpiecesofgroundbeefthatisusedtomakehamburgers.Theirtestsshowedareductionofbacteriaingroundbeefproducts.OtherstudiesshowedthatgroundbeefcontainingE.colihadnomeasurablelevelsofthebacteriaafterthetreatment.TheHydrodynamicPressureProcessdoesnotkillallbacteriainthemeat,however.MisterSolomonsayssomegoodbacteriaremain.Theagriculturalscientistssaymorestudiesareneededtoseeifthemethodcouldbeusedinthemeatprocessingindustry.1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheLifeofanAmericanScientistMorseSolomon.B.TheAmericanAgriculturalResearchService.C.AnIntroductiontotheAmericanMeatProcessingIndustry.D.AnIntroductiontotheHydrodynamicPressureProcess.2.Whatmakesmeatsofterandeasiertoeat?A.Someexplosives. B.Shockwaves.C.Certainorganisms. D.Otherparticles.3.IthadbeenprovedthattheHydrodynamicPressureProcess_____.A.couldimprovesmallerpiecesofgroundbeefbutnotlargepiecesofmeatB.couldimprovelargepiecesofmeatbutnotsmallerpiecesofgroundbeefC.couldimprovelargepiecesofmeatandreducethebacteriaingroundbeefaswellD.couldimprovelargepiecesofmeatbutcouldnotreducethebacteriaingroundbeef4.WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheHydrodynamicPressureProcess_____.A.provedtobeagreatsuccessB.turnedouttobeafailureC.remainstobefurtherstudiedD.needstobefurthertested【答案】DBCC14.BeagyZielinskiisaGerman-born28-year-oldstylistwhomovedtoNewYorktostudyfashionin1995andstayed．JustbeforeChristmas,shebrokeupwithherblue-collarboyfriend,whorepairedNavyships．“HewasextremelyinsecureaboutmycareerandhowsuccessfulIam,"Zielinskisaid．Sheandcountlesswomenlikeherarevictimsofarolereversal（逆轉(zhuǎn)）thatisprofoundlyaffectingthepoolofpotentialmarriagepartners．Mennowareincreasinglylikelytomarrywiveswithmoreeducationandincomethantheyhave,andthereverseistrueforwomen．"Inrecentdecades,withtheriseofwell-paidworkingwives,theeconomicgainsofmarriagehavebeenagreaterbenefitformen．TheanalysisexaminesAmericans30t044yearsold,thefirstgenerationinwhichmorewomenthanmenhavecollegedegrees．Women'searningshavebeenincreasingfasterthanthatofmen'ssincethe1970s．“We'veknownforsometimethatmenneedmarriagemorethanwomenfromthestandpointofphysicalandmentalwell-being,"saidStephanieCoontz,aprofessoratEvergreenStateCollegeinOlympia,Wash．,“Nowitisbecomingincreasinglyimportanttotheireconomicwell-beingaswell．”Theeducationandincomegaphasgrownevenmoreinthelatestrecession（經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退），whenmenheldaboutthreeinfourof/thejobsthatwerelost．"I'mnotmarried,1wouldliketobemarried,andmyfriendsareallinasimilarsituation,"saidDrRajallaPrewitt,a38-year-oldpsychiatristinNewJersey．"We'rehavingdifficultyfindingsomeonewherethereameetingoftheminds,wherewecanhavethesamegoalsandvalues．""Particularly,African-Americanmenwhoareeducatedwantatraditionalhomewheretheyare,thebreadwinner,"saidPrewitt,whoisablackwoman．educatedwantatraditionalhomewheretheyareIn2007,thePewreportfound,medianhouseholdincomesofmarredmen,marriedwomenandunmarriedwomenwereallabout60percenthigherthaninl\970．Butamongunmarriedmen,medianhouseholdincomerosebyonly16percent．Thesedays,menwhomarrytypicallygainanotherbreadwinner． College-educatedwivesarelesslikelytohaveahusbandwhoiscollege-educatedandinthehighestincomebracketthantheywerein1970,andmarriedwomenarelesslikelytohaveahusbandwhoworks．Amongallmarriedcouples,wivescontributeagrowingshareofthehouseholdincome,andarisingshareofthosecouplesincludeawifewhoearnsmorethanherhusband．Whilemarriagerateshavedeclinedoverall,womenwithcollegedegreesarestillmorelikelytomarrytodaythanlesseducatedwomen．1．BeagyZielinskibrokeupwithherboyfriendbecause． A．shewasmoresuccessfulthanhiminhercareer B．shecouldn'tbearwithhislazinessanymoreC．hewaslookeddownuponbyheraswellasothersD．hersuccessbroughthimcertainmentaldisturbances2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofAmericanmarriage?A．Womentendtomarrymenwithlesseducationandincome．B．Mentendtohavemoreeconomicgainsoftheirmarriages．C．Women'sincomehasbeenrisingfasterthanmenforabout40years．D．Menusedtogaingreaterbenefitsintermsofmentalhealththantoday．3．Dr．Prewitt’sattitudetowardshermarriageis．A．pessimistic B．optimisticC．passionate D．unconcerned4．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____． A．college-educatedmenpreferredtomarrylesseducatedwomenB．college-educatedwomenusedtomarryonlycollege-educatedmenC．college-educatedwomenweremorelikelytomarrythanthelesseducatedD．college-educatedmenweremorelikelytomarrycollege-educatedwomen5．Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．ToexplainwhyAmericaneducatedwomenarelesslikelytomarry．B．TopointouttheAmericanwomen'stendencytomarrylesseducatedmen．C．ToargueaboutthedifferencesofAmericanmarriageofthepastandtoday．D．TothrowlightonwhyAmericancollege-educatedwomenchooselesseducatedmen．【答案】DDACB15.Fromayoungage,itwasmydreamtogotoAfricaandworkwithanimals.Everybodylaughedatme,butmymother,Vanne,toldmenevertogiveup,andthatIcouldalwaysfindaway.So,whenIwas23,aftersavingupmyearningsfromworkingasawaitress,Iwenttowild,untamed(野性的)Africaandbeganmywork.In1960IwenttotheGombeStreamChimpanzeeReserve.Atthattime,weknewnothingofthebehaviororsocialstructureofchimps(黑猩猩),andIwastogothereandseewhatIcouldfindout.Usually,whenyouwakeup,youleaveyourdreamsbehindyou,butIfoundmyselfwakinguptomydream.AstheBritishgovernmentwouldn’tletmegowithoutolderwomen’scompany,myamazingmothercamewithmeandstayedforfourmonths.Wesharedasecond-handarmytent,andweusedthestreamforfreshwaterandwashing.Wecouldswiminthelake,althoughtherewerecrocodiles.Itwasbeautifulthere,althoughbothmymotherandInearlydiedofmalaria(瘧疾).IwasscaredIwouldn’tbeabletodowhatIhadsetoutto,because,atfirst,thechimpsranawayfrommeinfear.Ispentmydayswatching,listening,trackingandintheeveningswritingupmynotes.Formymother,whostayedbackatthecamp,itmusthavebeenterrifying,andverylonely.Thereweresnakesandspiders,aswellasanoldleopardwhowouldcomeby.Butshehadanamazingwaywithpeople,andwouldhandoutmedicinestothefishermen,whosawherasawitchdoctor.Inmyfifthmonththere,Ifinallysawoneofthe