高一至高二英語銜接·語法新課主謂一致（**）主謂一致的概念。所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動詞”之間,即（主語的人稱和單復數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語動詞對應的形式）。主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1.<and連接>兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1)如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

他和她都是這個學校的學生。（2）如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物,或者指同一概念的時候,謂語要用單數(shù)。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。2.如果主語是<不定式,動詞ing形式或主語從句>的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么時候要來看起來很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛好。Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3.定語從句的<關系代詞who,which,that>在從句中作主語時，要與<先行詞>的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)<隨主語的變化>而變化。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老師和他的學生們正在街道上植樹。二、[意義一致原則]指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整個蘋果都爛了。Noneofthemoney_____left.沒有剩下一點錢。Noneofthestudents_____there.沒有學生在那里。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,<謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致>。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學校,大約百分之六十的學生是男生.3.集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時,動詞則用復數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他們?nèi)乙獬?。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復數(shù),謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。people指“民族”時是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.復合不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒找到。一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門很有趣的學科。如：不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞<即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時>，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞,整個短語在句中作主語時,謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽不到任何聲音。9.以anumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù);以thenumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式一樣,作主語的時候,其謂語動詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語有morethanone很多非?！騧anya許多……構成，oneandahalf與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.但是，“more+復數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數(shù)形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.Manyaboyhasseenit.許多孩子都看到了。12.書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.三、[就近原則]either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在therebe句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.[注意事項]thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書),其謂語用單數(shù);短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)(這一類人),但thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語用復數(shù),allkindsof后跟復數(shù)名詞,謂語用復數(shù)形式。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”;insmallquantities意為“少量”。4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)。例如:5.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable..6.單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工廠),species(種類)7.在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.高中英語主謂一致專項練習題1.

One-third

of

the

area

_____

covered

with

green

trees.

About

seventy

percent

of

the

trees

_____

been

planted.

A.

are;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

has

2.

The

number

of

teachers

in

our

college

_____

greatly

increased

last

term.A

number

of

teachers

in

this

school

_____

from

the

countryside.

A.

was;

is

B.

was;

are

C.

were;

are

D.

were;

is

3.

What

_____

the

population

of

China?

One-third

of

the

population

_____

workers

here.

A.

is;

are

B.

are;

are

C.

is;

is

D.

are;

is

4.

Not

only

he

but

also

we

_____

right.

He

as

well

as

we

_____

right.

A.

are;

are

B.

are;

is

C.

is;

is

D.

is;

are

5.

What

he’d

like

_____

a

digital

watch.

What

hed

like

_____

textbooks.

A.

are;

are

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

is

6.

He

is

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

He

is

the

only

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

A.

has

come;

have

come

B.

have

come;

has

come

C.

has

come;

has

come

D.

have

come;

have

come

7.

Either

you

or

he

_____

interested

in

playing

chess.

_____

you

or

he

fond

of

music

at

present?

A.

are;

Are

B.

is;

Are

C.

are;

Is

D.

is;

Is

8.

Many

a

professor

_____

looking

forward

to

visiting

Germany

now.

Many

scientists

_____

studied

animals

and

plants

in

the

last

two

years.

A.

is;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

are;

have

D.

is;

are

9.

A

knife

and

a

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A

knife

and

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A.

is;

is

B.

are;

are

C.

are;

is

D.

is;

are

10.

Her

family

_____

much

larger

than

mine

four

years

ago.

Her

family

_____

dancing

and

singing

when

I

came

in

last

night.

A.

were;

was

B.

was;

were

C.

was;

was

D.

were;

were

11.

How

and

why

Jack

came

to

China

_____

not

known.

When

and

where

to

build

the

new

library

_____

not

been

decided.

A.

is;

has

B.

are;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

have

12.

Now

Tom

together

with

his

classmates

_____

football

on

the

playground.

A.

play

B.

are

playing

C.

plays

D.

is

playing

13.

Two

hundred

and

fifty

pounds

_____

too

unreasonable

a

price

for

a

second-hand

car.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

14.

All

but

Dick

_____

in

Class

Three

this

term.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

were

D.

was

15.

Soon

after

the

earthquake,

every

man,

woman

and

child

_____

about

it.

A.

were

talking

B.

was

talking

C.

talk

D.

talks

16.

_____

of

the

land

in

that

district

_____

covered

with

trees

and

grass.

A.

Two

fifth;

is

B.

Two

fifths;

are

C.

Two

fifth;

are

D.

Two

fifths;

is

17.

My

friend

and

classmate

Paul

_____

motorcycles

in

his

spare

time.

A.

race

B.

races

C.

is

raced

D.

is

racing

18.

There

_____

a

pen,

two

pencils,

and

three

books

on

the

desk.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

has

D.

have

19.

The

factory,

including

its

machines

and

buildings,

_____

burnt

last

night.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

was

20.

Climbing

hills

_____

of

great

help

to

health.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

21.

Not

the

teacher

but

the

students

_____

excited.

A.

is

B.

has

C.

are

D.

have

22.

The

injured

in

the

tsunami

_____

good

care

of

by

some

medical

teams.A.

is

taken

B.

are

being

taken

C.

are

taking

D.

is

being

taken

23.

As

I

have

a

meeting

at

four,

ten

minutes

_____

all

that

I

can

spare

to

talk

with

you.

A.

are

B.

was

C.

is

D.

were

24.

Each

man

and

each

woman

_____

asked

to

help

when

the

fire

broke

out.

A.

is

B.

was

C.

are

D.

were

25.

About

60

percent

of

the

students

_____

from

the

south;

the

rest

of

them

_____

from

the

north

and

foreign

countries.

A.

are;

is

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

are

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425答案及部分解析：1-5

CBABC

6-10

BBACB

11-15

ADAAB

16-20

DBBDA

21-25

CBCBD

1.

“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of

the+名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于名詞或代詞的單、復數(shù)形式。2.

“the

number

of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式?！癮

number

of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。3.

“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of

the

population”作主語，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。4.

or,

either...or,

neither...nor,

not

only...but

also等(關聯(lián))連詞連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)按“就近原則”處理。注意：即使在疑問句中，動詞的數(shù)也應與最近的主語保持一致。as

well

as連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與前一主語保持一致。5.

what引導的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但當作表語的名詞為復數(shù)，或what從句是一個具有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式如