高三診斷性調(diào)研監(jiān)測考試英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）該部分分為第一、第二兩節(jié)。注意：回答聽力部分時(shí)，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wheremighttheman’sshirtbe?A.Inthecupboard.B.Intheclothesbasket.C.Inthewashingmachine.2.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Dosomeexercise.B.Finishhiswork.C.Gotosleep.3.Whyhadtheman’sseatbeenmoved?A.Hetalkedtoomuch.B.Hecouldn’tseeclearly.C.Hehadtroubleinlistening.4.Whenistheprojectsupposedtobefinished?A.At10:00.B.At11:00.C.At12:00.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthenewschooluniform?A.Thecolourofthetop.B.Thestyleofthejacket.C.Thedesignoftheskirt.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesAmandawanttodo?A.Makeacall.B.SaygoodbyetoLucy.C.Holdameeting.7.WhatisJohndoing?A.Makinganapology.B.Givinganexplanation.C.Sendingagreeting.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whyisthewomancalling?A.Tocancelanorder.B.Tochangeanorder.C.Toplaceanorder.9.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Givemoreextrapaper.B.Provideafavorableprice.C.NegotiatewithSuperHouse.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Wherewillthemanwork?A.InUtah.B.InWashington.C.InAlaska.11.Whatwillthemandoasavolunteer?A.ExploretheWest.B.Protectdesertcreatures.C.Teachinaprimaryschool.12.Howmanytimeshasthewomanvolunteered?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.13.WhatwillthemandoinDecember?A.Fileanapplication.B.Starthiswork.C.Haveaholiday.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheman’shouse.C.Inasupermarket.15.Whydoesthemanwanttoeatenergybarsonly?A.Toloseweight.B.Toenrichhisdiet.C.Togainfat.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheads?A.They’reconvincing.B.They’relying.C.They’reappealing.17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Howmanylevelsdotheswimminglessonsinclude?A.Five.B.Four.C.Three.19.WhatistaughtintheFoundationlessons?A.Waterrescueskills.B.Knowledgeofwatersafety.C.Basicsofswimmingmovements.20.Whatistherewardfortherecommendedfriends?A.Areductioninprice.B.Extralessons.C.Afreeswimsuit.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyouareagoodskierandwanttoenjoypeaceful,untouchednature,skitouringmaybeyournextstep.AskitouringcourseinGrindelwaldisthefirst-rankforaneasy,beginnerlevelskitour.Nopriorskitouringexperienceisneeded.Ahikingdurationof2hourswithabackpackisnotaproblemforyou.Thegoalofthiscourseisforyoutoacquirethebasicskillsofskitouringandbepreparedtotakepartinaneasyguidedskitour.EquipmentPleaserefertotheequipmentlistforyourtourorcourse.Meanwhile,dressinlayerssoyoucaneasilyreacttotemperaturechanges.AtourshopinGrindelwald,youcanpurchasetechnicalequipment,mountainclothing,shoes,andbackpacks.Therangeatourshopistailoredtomountaintoursandourexpertstaffarehappytoadviseyouonthebestclothingforyourtourorcourse.Wealsohavetechnicalequipmentavailableforrent.PricesGroupCourse4-6participantsCHF215perpersonPrivateCourse1-3participantsCHF850pergroup4-6participantsCHF235perpersonGeneralInformation·Weprioritiseyoursafetybyrequiringregulartrainingtoensureourguideshaverelevant,up-to-dateknowledge.·1-2daysbeforeyourtourorcourse,wewillreviewtheweatherforecastandconditionswiththemountainguidetodetermineifwecanoperate.Wewillcontactyoubyphonewithanupdate.·Assoonastheminimumnumberofparticipants(grouptours)isreached,wewillsendyouaconfirmationbyemail.·Ifwehavetocalloffyourtour,youhavetheoptiontorescheduletoanewdate,oryouwillreceiveafullrefund(退款).1.Whichisarequirementforparticipants?A.Hikingexperience. B.Beginnerlevelskiingskills.C.Goodphysicalstrength. D.Previoustouringbackground.2.Whatcanbehiredintheshop?A.Thickclothes. B.Technicalequipment.C.Climbingshoes. D.Multifunctionalbackpacks.3.Inwhatcasecanyougetafullrefund?A.Youarehurtduringthetour. B.Thecourseisrescheduled.C.Yourtripiscancelledbytheorganizer. D.Theconfirmationisdelayed.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了格林德爾瓦爾德滑雪巡回初級課程的相關(guān)信息，包括要求、設(shè)備、價(jià)格和一些常規(guī)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nopriorskitouringexperienceisneeded.Ahikingdurationof2hourswithabackpackisnotaproblemforyou.(不需要事先滑雪旅游經(jīng)驗(yàn)。背著背包徒步2小時(shí)對你來說不成問題)”可知，參加者需要有良好的體力，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Equipment部分最后一句“Wealsohavetechnicalequipmentavailableforrent.(我們也有技術(shù)設(shè)備可供出租)”可知，在商店可以租賃技術(shù)設(shè)備，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Ifwehavetocalloffyourtour,youhavetheoptiontorescheduletoanewdate,oryouwillreceiveafullrefund(退款).(如果我們不得不取消您的旅行，您可以選擇重新安排到一個(gè)新的日期，否則您將獲得全額退款)”可知，如果組織者取消行程，你將得到全額退款，故選C。BWhenIboughtahouseinPortlandfouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlong-lastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromthenursery.Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,Idecidedtoremediate(補(bǔ)救)whatIalreadyhad.Thechallengebeforemewastorevivethesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;andshelteringsoilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Imadeapond,arockgarden,awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddecomposebythemselvesinanaturalway.Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalcommunities.InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitefungalmycelium(真菌菌絲).Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard-itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個(gè)體)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveself-preservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.4.Whatwasthesoilproblemintheauthor’sgarden?A.Wetandsalty. B.Poorandstony.C.Dryandsandy. D.Acidicandweedy.5.Whatwasthefocusoftheauthor’sgardeningmethods?A.Limitingplantvariety. B.Adoptingahigh-techapproach.C.Givingmoreintervention. D.Creatingasustainableenvironment.6.WhydoestheauthormentionthereplantinginMay?A.Tointroducedifferentspecies. B.Toprovethegardensheltersinsects.C.Toshowthesoilhascometolife. D.Toexplainthetransplantingprocess.7.Whatisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Soilhasasoul. B.Lifeiswelldefined.C.Lifehascomplexity. D.Soilisthesourceoflife.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者改造花園土壤的過程，通過可持續(xù)方法恢復(fù)土壤生機(jī)，并領(lǐng)悟到土壤如同有生命的存在?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.(然而，我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤貧瘠，粘土多，到處都是石頭。)”可知，作者花園里的土壤問題是貧瘠且多石的。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的兩個(gè)核心原則可以指導(dǎo)這一轉(zhuǎn)變：盡量減少對土壤的干擾并強(qiáng)調(diào)生物多樣性。)”以及后續(xù)描寫作者嘗試應(yīng)用這些方法，包括讓植物自然生長和分解，引入不同的植物和恢復(fù)其生態(tài)群落等，可推斷出作者園藝方法的重點(diǎn)是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)的環(huán)境。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitefungalmycelium(真菌菌絲).(五月份，我決定移栽一株開花的植物。當(dāng)我把這株植物挖出來時(shí)，各種各樣的生命出現(xiàn)了。蚯蚓從根部懸垂下來，一只長腿蜘蛛急忙尋找遮蔽處。在植物下方，我還注意到了細(xì)小的白色真菌菌絲。)”以及最后一段中“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard-itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.(我用手指劃過土壤，比以往任何時(shí)候都更清楚地意識到，我改變的不僅僅是我的院子——它完全改變了我對土壤的看法。)”可推知，作者提到五月的重新種植是為了展示土壤已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了活力。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個(gè)體)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveself-preservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.(它不僅僅是一種承載生命的介質(zhì)，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的生命體。盡管科學(xué)界對生命的定義尚未達(dá)成一致，但教科書強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些廣泛用于區(qū)分生物與非生物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。土壤符合其中的許多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：它具有高度有序的結(jié)構(gòu)，具備積極自我保護(hù)的能力，能夠生長，能夠呼吸，并且也可能會(huì)死亡。)”可知，最后一段傳達(dá)的是“土壤有靈魂”的意思。故選A。CAccordingtoanideacalledthe“inflationary(暴脹的)multiverse”,theuniversehasbeenconstantlyexpanding,whichwouldhavecreatedacountlessnumberofotheruniverses.Collectively,theseuniversalislandsformwhatscientistscalla“multiverse”.However,otheruniversesmayliebeyondourscientificreach,physicallyandphilosophically.Consequently,themethodologiesbywhichphysicistsmightvalidate(驗(yàn)證)themultiverseandwhethersuchvalidationisevenpossibleremainunresolvedinquiries.Inscience,hypotheses(假說)areusedtoproposeexplanations,butfromhypothesestotheories,validationofpredictionsisessentialtoseewhetherinitialassumptionsaresupportedordisproved.TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,“Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.”Rovelliadds,“Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedbefore,anditisnotworkingnow.Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.”Now,physicistsaredebatingwhetherthatproblemmovesthemultiversefromphysicstometaphysics(玄學(xué)),fromtheworldofsciencetothatofphilosophy.PhilosopherRichardDawidbelievesscientistscouldsupportthemultiversehypotheseswithoutactuallyfindingphysicalsupport.“Ifwehaveatheorythatseemstowork,andhavecomeupwithnothingthatworksbetter,chancesareourideaisright,”hesays.Noteveryoneissocheerful,though.SabineHossenfelder,anothertheoreticalphysicist,thinks“Withoutmakingcontactwithobservation,atheoryisn’tpartofthenaturalsciences,andnotphysics.”Somesupportersofthemultiverseclaimtheyhavefoundphysicalevidence.AndreiLindeinsists“Ouruniverseseemsfine-tunedtobefavourabletolife,withafour-dimensionalspaceinwhichwecanlive.Itiscertainthatinanendlesslyinflatingmultiverse,oneoftheuniversesshouldturnoutlikeours.Eachuniversecanhavedifferentphysicallawsandfundamentals.Givenlimitlesschanges,auniverseonwhichhumanscanbebornwillbeborn.Themultiverseactuallyexplainswhywe’rehere.Andourexistence,therefore,helpsexplainwhythemultiverseisplausible.”JustasEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativitycouldonlybeconfirmedrecentlywithabillion-dollarinstrumentcalledLIGO,scientistsmayeventuallydiscovermoredirectevidenceofthemultiverse.Sofar,allofsciencehasreliedontestability,butthoseteststaketime,andmosttheoreticianswanttowaititout.Theyarenotreadytoshelveanidealikethemultiverse—whichcouldactuallybetheanswertolife,theuniverseandeverything—untilandunlesstheycanprovetothemselvesitdoesn’texist.Andthatdaymaynevercome.8.WhatdoesCarloRovellithinkofthemultiverse?A.Itisacrazyidea. B.Itcanbetested.C.Itiswidelyaccepted. D.Itcomesfromreality.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Fascinating. B.Complex. C.Essential. D.Credible.10.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Testingthemultiversetheoryisawasteoftime.B.Themultiversetheorywillbeconfirmedoneday.C.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityistheanswertolife.D.Themultiverseresearchhasmadeabreakthrough.11.Whatisthestructureofthispassage?A. B. C. D.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了多元宇宙理論的提出、爭議及其可能的科學(xué)驗(yàn)證途徑，強(qiáng)調(diào)其對科學(xué)與哲學(xué)的影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,‘Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.’Rovelliadds,‘Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedbefore,anditisnotworkingnow.Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.’(理論物理學(xué)家CarloRovelli說：‘提出能夠經(jīng)受住現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)證的理論是非常困難的。很少有理論能夠幸存下來，這得益于一個(gè)基本的理念：不要相信你的幻想。只保留可以被檢驗(yàn)的想法?！疪ovelli補(bǔ)充道：‘如今，許多物理學(xué)家都在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間試圖猜測并急于下結(jié)論。這種方法以前從未奏效，現(xiàn)在也行不通。多元宇宙可能是那些瘋狂的猜測之一’)”可知，理論物理學(xué)家CarloRovelli認(rèn)為“多元宇宙”是一個(gè)難以通過現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)證的理論，很多物理學(xué)家都在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間猜測并急于下結(jié)論，而多元宇宙可能就是這些瘋狂猜測中的一個(gè)。因此，他認(rèn)為多元宇宙是一個(gè)瘋狂的想法。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中AndreiLinde的觀點(diǎn)“Itiscertainthatinanendlesslyinflatingmultiverse,oneoftheuniversesshouldturnoutlikeours.Eachuniversecanhavedifferentphysicallawsandfundamentals.Givenlimitlesschanges,auniverseonwhichhumanscanbebornwillbeborn.Themultiverseactuallyexplainswhywe’rehere.Andourexistence,therefore,helpsexplainwhythemultiverseisplausible.(在一個(gè)無限膨脹的多元宇宙中，可以肯定的是，其中一個(gè)宇宙應(yīng)該會(huì)與我們的宇宙相似。每個(gè)宇宙都可以擁有不同的物理定律和基本法則。在無限變化中，一個(gè)能夠誕生人類的宇宙終將誕生。多元宇宙實(shí)際上解釋了為什么我們會(huì)在這里。因此，我們的存在反過來也有助于解釋為什么多元宇宙論是plausible)”可知，多元宇宙的支持者認(rèn)為多元宇宙實(shí)際上解釋了為什么我們在這里，而我們的存在也幫助解釋了為什么多元宇宙是合理的，“plausible”應(yīng)表示“可信的、合理的”，與D選項(xiàng)“credible(可信的)”意思相近。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“JustasEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativitycouldonlybeconfirmedrecentlywithabillion-dollarinstrumentcalledLIGO,scientistsmayeventuallydiscovermoredirectevidenceofthemultiverse.Sofar,allofsciencehasreliedontestability,butthoseteststaketime,andmosttheoreticianswanttowaititout.Theyarenotreadytoshelveanidealikethemultiverse—whichcouldactuallybetheanswertolife,theuniverseandeverything—untilandunlesstheycanprovetothemselvesitdoesn’texist.Andthatdaymaynevercome.(正如愛因斯坦的廣義相對論直到最近才通過名為LIGO的耗資數(shù)十億美元的儀器得到證實(shí)一樣，科學(xué)家們最終也可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)多元宇宙更為直接的證據(jù)。迄今為止，所有科學(xué)都依賴于可驗(yàn)證性，但這些驗(yàn)證需要時(shí)間，而大多數(shù)理論家都愿意等待。他們不會(huì)輕易放棄像多元宇宙這樣的想法——這實(shí)際上可能是生命、宇宙以及萬物的答案——除非他們自己能夠證明它不存在。而那一天可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)到來)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為多元宇宙理論總有一天會(huì)得到證實(shí)。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了多元宇宙理論；第二段介紹了一些物理學(xué)家對多元宇宙理論的看法，認(rèn)為它可能是一個(gè)瘋狂的猜測；第三段介紹了哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家對多元宇宙理論的不同看法；第四段介紹了一些多元宇宙理論的支持者及其觀點(diǎn)；最后一段作者認(rèn)為多元宇宙理論總有一天會(huì)得到證實(shí)。由此可知，文章是按照“提出觀點(diǎn)——正反論證——得出結(jié)論”的結(jié)構(gòu)來展開的，即“總—分—總”的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。DAsweresearcherspredicted,wefoundthatpickyeatersscoredworstonourtestsoffoodrecognition:Foodneophobia(食物新奇恐懼癥)isnegativelyrelatedtofoodrecognitionability.Whilewewerepublishingourfindings,scientistsweredebatingnewfindingsabouthowthebrainreactstofoodandcolor.Differentresearchgroupshadidentifiedbrainareasinthevisualsystemthatrespondedpreferentiallytoimagesoffood.Forinstance,lookingatabowlofnoodleswouldactivatethesebrainareas,butnotlookingatapileofstring.Thescientificdisagreementwasaboutwhatitmeanttoidentifyaselectivityforfoodinbrainareasalreadyknownfortheirresponsivenesstocolor.Werepeatedourinitialstudywithgray-scaleimagesoffood.Theresultshowedwithoutcolor,peopleunsurprisinglymademoreerrors,mistakingdifferentdishesasthesame,butthepatternofvariationacrosspeoplewasotherwiseunchanged.Thosewithahighergeneralvisualabilitydidbetterwithfood.Wealsofoundoneeffectofremovingcolor:Foodneophobiawasnolongerrelatedtofoodrecognitionability.Itwasasifwhateveradvantagetheadventurouseatershadgainedoverpickyoneswasalldependentoncolor.Wethenmadeanentirelynewprediction:Wouldpeoplewithcolorblindnessbelessfoodneophobicthanthosewithnormalcolorperception?Becausethecolorblindexperiencefoodinarestrictedrangeofcolor,certainsignalsthatraiseflagsaboutfreshness,safety,orotherwisedriveanxietyaboutnovelfoodcouldbelimited.Weinvitedparticipantsonline,basedonhowtheyansweredonequestionaboutcolorblindnessburiedinalongscreeningquestionnaire.Thesurveysuggestedcolorblindpeoplewereindeedlessfoodneophobicthanthenon-colorblind.Seeingtheworldwithanarrowcolorrangeseemstoeaseanemotion-basedresistancetonovelfoods.Ourfindingspavethewayforaddressingextremecasesoffoodneophobia.Asresearcherslearnmoreaboutthecomplicatedrelevancebetweencolorperceptionandfood,wemightdeveloptargetedinterventionstoimprovedietaryhabits.12.Whichcanactivatethespecificbrainareasmoreeasily?A.Apieceofcake. B.Apairofshoes.C.Aseriesofbooks. D.Apileofstring.13.Whathappenedwhencolorwasremovedfromfoodimages?A.Mistakeswereontherise. B.Foodneophobiaworsened.C.Recognitionaccuracyimproved. D.Adventurouseaterswereatanadvantage.14.Whatdidthesurveyconcludeaboutcolorblindpeople?A.Theyarelessfamiliarwithfoodtypes.B.Theyaremoreopentonutritiousfoods.C.Theyarelesslikelytoresistnewfoods.D.Theyaremoreworriedaboutfoodsafety.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.【答案】12.A13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要探討了人們對食物識別能力的差異，以及這種差異與人們對新食物的態(tài)度（食物新奇恐懼癥）的關(guān)系?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Differentresearchgroupshadidentifiedbrainareasinthevisualsystemthatrespondedpreferentiallytoimagesoffood.Forinstance,lookingatabowlofnoodleswouldactivatethesebrainareas,butnotlookingatapileofstring.(不同的研究小組已經(jīng)確定了視覺系統(tǒng)中對食物圖像有優(yōu)先反應(yīng)的大腦區(qū)域。例如，看著一碗面條會(huì)激活這些大腦區(qū)域，但看著一堆繩子就不會(huì))”可知，食物更容易激活大腦的特定區(qū)域，故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theresultshowedwithoutcolor,peopleunsurprisinglymademoreerrors,mistakingdifferentdishesasthesame(結(jié)果顯示，在沒有顏色的情況下，人們不出所料地犯了更多的錯(cuò)誤，把不同的菜誤認(rèn)為是一樣的)”可知，食物圖片沒有顏色時(shí)人們會(huì)犯更多的錯(cuò)誤，故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thesurveysuggestedcolorblindpeoplewereindeedlessfoodneophobicthanthenon-colorblind.(調(diào)查顯示，色盲的人確實(shí)比非色盲的人更少害怕新食物)”可知，色盲的人對新食物沒有那么抗拒，故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ourfindingspavethewayforaddressingextremecasesoffoodneophobia.Asresearcherslearnmoreaboutthecomplicatedrelevancebetweencolorperceptionandfood,wemightdeveloptargetedinterventionstoimprovedietaryhabits.(我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)為解決新食物恐懼癥的極端案例鋪平了道路。隨著研究人員更多地了解顏色感知和食物之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)聯(lián)，我們可能會(huì)開發(fā)出有針對性的干預(yù)措施來改善飲食習(xí)慣)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于研究成果的潛在應(yīng)用，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Onlineshoppingofteninvolvesendlessoptionsanddizzyingdiscounts.Asinglesearchforrunningshoescanproducehundredsofresults.____16____Whatifthereisatoolcapableofhuntingforthebestpricesandmakingsureyourpurchasesarriveontime?ThenewinnovationinartificialintelligenceisAIagents.Theyarecapableofautonomousreasoningandmultistepproblem-solving.____17____Imaginethis:YouremindAItofindawintercoatunder$200that’shighlyratedandwillarrivebySunday.Inseconds,itscanswebsites,comparesprices,checksreviews,confirmsavailabilityandplacestheorder,allwhileyougoaboutyourday.Unliketraditionalrecommendationengines,AIagentslearnyourpreferencesandhandletasksautonomously.Theagentsarebuiltwithmachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing.Theycanlearnfromtheirinteractionswithusersandbecomesmarter.Lookingahead,AIagentsarelikelytonotonlymasterpersonalshoppingneedsbutalsonegotiatedirectlywithcorporateAIsystems.____18____Consumerstodayarefocusedonvalue,lookingfordealsandcomparingpricesacrossplatforms.____19____ButcanAItrulylearnyourpreferences?ArecentstudyusingtheGPT-4.0modelachieved85%accuracyincopyingthethoughtsandbehaviorsofover1,000peopleaftertheyinteractedwiththeAIforjusttwohours,whichisreallyabreakthrough.____20____AIsystemsrequireextensiveaccesstopersonaldata,shoppinghistoryandfinancialinformation.Thislevelofaccessincreasestheriskofmisuseandunauthorizedsharing.A.Theycanmakepurchaseswithoutbeinginstructed.B.However,there’salsoariskofbeingaddictedtoAIagents.C.Theprocessresultsintiredeyesanddecision-makingchallenges.D.Theynotonlysuggestwhatyoumightlike,butalsoactonyourbehalf.E.Havinganassistantperformthesetaskscouldbearemarkabletimesaver.F.Whileofferingsignificantbenefits,AIagentsalsoraisecriticalprivacyconcerns.G.Theywillbeabletobooktailoredexperiencesandhandlepaymentsacrossplatforms.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了人工智能代理在購物領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。他們能夠自主學(xué)習(xí)用戶偏好并完成諸如搜索商品、比較價(jià)格、下單等復(fù)雜任務(wù)，為用戶節(jié)省時(shí)間和精力?！?6題詳解】上文“Onlineshoppingofteninvolvesendlessoptionsanddizzyingdiscounts.Asinglesearchforrunningshoescanproducehundredsofresults.(網(wǎng)上購物通常涉及無窮無盡的選擇和令人眼花繚亂的折扣。對跑鞋的一次搜索可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生數(shù)百個(gè)結(jié)果)”提到網(wǎng)購時(shí)搜索商品會(huì)面臨大量結(jié)果，下文“Whatifthereisatoolcapableofhuntingforthebestpricesandmakingsureyourpurchasesarriveontime?(如果有一種工具能幫你找到最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格，并確保你買的東西準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)會(huì)怎么樣？)”提到解決問題的工具，故本空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說明網(wǎng)購問題導(dǎo)致的后果，為下文提到的工具做鋪墊。C項(xiàng)“這個(gè)過程會(huì)導(dǎo)致眼睛疲勞和決策困難”符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳解】上文“Theyarecapableofautonomousreasoningandmultistepproblem-solving.(他們有自主推理和多步驟解決問題的能力)”是描述人工智能代理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“他們不僅建議你可能喜歡什么，而且還代表你采取行動(dòng)”也是描述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)，且呼應(yīng)下文“Inseconds,itscanswebsites,comparesprices,checksreviews,confirmsavailabilityandplacestheorder,allwhileyougoaboutyourday.(在幾秒鐘內(nèi)，它就可以掃描網(wǎng)站，比較價(jià)格，檢查評論，確認(rèn)可用性并下訂單，而你可以繼續(xù)你的一天)”，故選D?！?8題詳解】上文“Lookingahead,AIagentsarelikelytonotonlymasterpersonalshoppingneedsbutalsonegotiatedirectlywithcorporateAIsystems.(展望未來，人工智能代理不僅可能掌握個(gè)人購物需求，還可能直接與企業(yè)人工智能系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行談判)”是展望人工智能代理未來會(huì)具備的能力，G項(xiàng)“他們將能夠預(yù)訂量身定制的體驗(yàn)，并處理跨平臺(tái)支付”繼續(xù)上文話題并進(jìn)一步闡述，故選G?！?9題詳解】上文“Consumerstodayarefocusedonvalue,lookingfordealsandcomparingpricesacrossplatforms.(如今的消費(fèi)者關(guān)注的是價(jià)值，他們會(huì)在各個(gè)平臺(tái)上尋找交易和比較價(jià)格)”是描述消費(fèi)者的行為，下文“ButcanAItrulylearnyourpreferences?ArecentstudyusingtheGPT-4.0modelachieved85%accuracyincopyingthethoughtsandbehaviorsofover1,000peopleaftertheyinteractedwiththeAIforjusttwohours,whichisreallyabreakthrough.(但人工智能真的能了解你的喜好嗎？最近的一項(xiàng)研究使用GPT-4.0模型，在1000多人與人工智能互動(dòng)兩個(gè)小時(shí)后，復(fù)制他們的思想和行為的準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到了85%，這確實(shí)是一個(gè)突破)”提到人工智能是否能真正解消費(fèi)者的喜好，復(fù)制其思想和行為，故空處應(yīng)提及人工智能代替消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行尋找、比價(jià)等行為，E項(xiàng)“讓一個(gè)助手來完成這些任務(wù)可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間”符合語境，故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)下文“AIsystemsrequireextensiveaccesstopersonaldata,shoppinghistoryandfinancialinformation.Thislevelofaccessincreasestheriskofmisuseandunauthorizedsharing.(人工智能系統(tǒng)需要廣泛訪問個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)、購物歷史和財(cái)務(wù)信息。這種級別的訪問增加了濫用和未經(jīng)授權(quán)共享的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知，本段是關(guān)于人工智能引發(fā)的泄露個(gè)人信息的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“在提供重大好處的同時(shí)，人工智能代理也引發(fā)了關(guān)鍵的隱私問題”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thejoysofthenightridewerethejoysoffeelingpresentinmybodyagain.Cyclingfeltlikeacelebrationofdynamicenergy,a____21____thatmybodywasstillhealthydespitetheheartoperationsIhadasakid,whichtookmeoutof____22____entirely.Irememberthedoctor’s____23____:nofootball,nophysicaleducation.TheytoldmeIwasfragile(脆弱的),andsoIbecamefragile.Butthedoctorsneversaidno____24____,andforabriefmomentinTexas,bikingbecamemorepopularthanfootball,which____25____mysociallife.Ibelievethespeed,wind,andbloodintheearsona____26____streetcanbringmybodybacktolife.Overtime,I____27____anaffectionforthenightride.Belowthewhoosh(呼呼聲)ofthewind,Ilistenedformyheart,thenthe____28____ofmytires.Theroughroad____29____toldmetherewasaroadbeneathmytiresandthepossibilityoftravel.Thestressonboththebodyandbikemade____30____whatI’dsuspected:although____31____frommyfriendsandmyformerlife,Istillexistedinthesestreets.Mydayswereoncedefinedby____32____andfear,andtheworldfeltlikesomethingthathappenedtome,notsomethingIcould____33____.Butduringthenightride,Ipaidattentiononlytothe____34____.IfIdidn’t,I’dhitapothole(坑洼)intheroad.Sobynecessity,Ibecamepresent,andeverythingstartedtofeel____35____again.21A.warning B.reminder C.lesson D.secret22.A.sports B.memories C.conflicts D.walks23.A.plans B.choices C.explanations D.orders24.A.swimming B.racing C.cycling D.driving25.A.narrowed B.recorded C.interrupted D.saved26.A.busy B.cold C.silent D.safe27.A.developed B.assessed C.identified D.hid28.A.signal B.rhythm C.condition D.noise29.A.constantly B.eventually C.gradually D.suddenly30.A.simple B.empty C.missing D.real31.A.removed B.rescued C.defended D.selected32.A.failure B.confidence C.anxiety D.promise33.A.gothrough B.lookfor C.insiston D.participatein34.A.world B.training C.moment D.connection35.A.familiar B.fun C.useful D.common【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.A32.C33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者騎夜行車得到的快樂和身體的康復(fù)。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：騎自行車感覺像是對活力的慶祝，提醒我，盡管我小時(shí)候做過心臟手術(shù)，但我的身體仍然健康，這讓我完全脫離了運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.warning警告；B.reminder提醒；C.lesson功課，教訓(xùn)；D.secret秘密。結(jié)合語境及空后“thatmybodywasstillhealthydespitetheheartoperationsIhadasakid”可知，騎自行車提醒作者雖然小時(shí)候做過手術(shù)，但自己的身體仍然是健康的，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.sports運(yùn)動(dòng)；B.memories記憶；C.conflicts沖突；D.walks步行，散步。根據(jù)上文“theheartoperationsIhadasakid”和下文“nofootball,nophysicaleducation”可知，作者做過手術(shù)，不能進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得醫(yī)生的囑咐：不準(zhǔn)踢足球，不準(zhǔn)上體育課。A.plans計(jì)劃；B.choices選擇；C.explanations解釋；D.orders指示，命令。根據(jù)“nofootball,nophysicaleducation”可知，此處指醫(yī)囑，doctor’