高三英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在試卷上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Catchataxi.B.Readabook.C.Waitfortheman.2Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Goonadiet.B.Gotothegym.C.Eathealthysnacks.3.WhydoesthemanplantoskipDarren’sparty?A.Hethinksitwillbeboring.B.Darrenisunfriendlytohim.C.Hehasadentist’sappointment.4.Whatmistakedidthewomanmake?A.Sheboughtawrongticket.B.Shecaughtthewrongtrain.C.Shegotonthewrongcoach.5.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Repairhissuitcase.B.Decidewhattoleavebehind.C.Showhimhowtopackefficiently.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatconcernedthewomanwhenJohnfirstbeganworking?A.Hislackofexperience.B.Hisweaklearningability.C.Hisshortageofpeopleskills.7.WhichdepartmentisJohnprobablyworkingin?A.Salesdepartment.B.Trainingdepartment.C.Humanresourcesdepartment.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Onaplane.C.Atapostoffice.9.Whydoweneedspecialenvelopesforairmailaccordingtothewoman?A.They’rerequiredbylaw.B.They’relighterfortransport.C.They’relargertoputthingsin.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whocalledthemanjustnow?A.Hismother.B.Amanager.C.Acollegeteacher.11.WhatdoesthemanoriginallyplantodonextFridayevening?A.Watchamovie.B.Attendatrainingcourse.C.Packupthingsforcollege.12.Whydoesthemantakeapart-timejob?A.Hehastoomuchleisuretime.B.Hewantstogainworkexperience.C.Hehastoearnhislivingexpenses.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandworker.B.Parentandchild.C.Friends.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheman’sjobprobably?A.Asinger.B.Aradiohost.C.Amusicproducer.15.Howmanysongsdidthewomanreleaseonlinebefore“ShiningStars”?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.16.Whohelpedmakethevideoahit?A.Gander.B.James.C.Spin.17.Whichsongisgoingtobeplayed?A.ShiningStars.B.GroundControl.C.Earth-likePlanet.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.HowlongdoesittakethespeakertoreachCentralParkfromcampus?A.15minutes.B.20minutes.C.60minutes.19.Whatdoesthespeakerplantodoonhercampingtrip?A.Collectlitter.B.Dofieldresearches.C.Shootsomevideos.20.Whydoesthespeakerlearntomakedocumentaries?A.Tojoinanewclub.B.Topursueherdream.C.Tobecomeateacher.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAWorldofUniqueNewYearCelebrationsMostofusspendthefinalsecondsofeachcalendaryearwatchinganearly12,000-poundgeodesicballdropoverTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.Closeto60,000audiencegathertoseetheballdropinperson,butifbeingoneofthemisonyourdreamlist,beforewarned:Therearenobathrooms,andtogetagoodview,you’lllikelyneedtograbyourspotandstartholdingitaround3p.m.NewYear’sEveinScotlandisknownasHogmanay.TheScotsstretchitintoathree-daycelebrationstartingwithaparadethroughEdinburghonDec.30,followedbyahousecleaningknownastheredding.Then,during“firstfooting”,friendsandfamilyvisiteachotheraftermid-nighttobecomethefirsttosetfootineachothers’homesinthenewyear.Forgoodluck,thefirstvisitorshouldbeatall,dark-hairedman,carryingshortbread,whiskyandalumpofcoal.SoifyoufindcoalinyourChristmasstocking,shipittoyourfriendsinScotlandtouseafewdayslater.Greekssmashpomegranates(石榴),whichsymbolizerenewalintheirculture,forNewYear’scelebration.ButperhapsanevenmoreunusualpracticeiswakingupchildrenonJan.1bytappingthemontheheadwithanonion.It’sconsideredgoodluckinmanySpanish-speakingnationstoeat12grapesatmidnight—onewitheachclockstrike—onJan.1.Estonianssometimesswallow12mealsonthelastdayoftheyear.Germansgoformarzipanshapedlikepigs,thankstothephrase“schweingehabt”,whichmeanshavinggoodluck.AndtheFrencheatcrepes,representingthesun,inhopesofbrighterdaysandprosperityinthenewyear,althoughtheydoitslightlylater,onFeb.2,duringafestivalcalledLaChandeleur.1.Whatshouldbeconsideredbythegeodesicballdropenthusiasts?A.Personalsafety.B.Viewinglocation.C.Weatherconditions.D.Transportationoptions.2.WhatmightpeopledoonthelastnightoftheyearinScotland?A.Dressupasacoalman.B.Participateintheredding.C.Welcomethefirstguest.D.WatchtheEdinburghshow.3.WhichcountryhasatraditionofovereatingonNewYear’sEve?A.Greece. B.Estonia.C.Germany. D.France.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界各地獨(dú)特的新年慶祝方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Closeto60,000audiencegathertoseetheballdropinperson,butifbeingoneofthemisonyourdreamlist,beforewarned:Therearenobathrooms,andtogetagoodview,you’lllikelyneedtograbyourspotandstartholdingitaround3p.m.(近6萬名觀眾聚集在一起，親眼目睹水晶球的落下，但如果你夢想成為其中一員，事先警告：這里沒有衛(wèi)生間，為了看得更清楚，你可能需要在下午3點(diǎn)左右搶到你的位置，并開始等待)”可知，喜歡看水晶球降落的人需要考慮觀看位置，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Then,during“firstfooting”,friendsandfamilyvisiteachotheraftermid-nighttobecomethefirsttosetfootineachothers’homesinthenewyear.(然后，在“第一次踏足”期間，朋友和家人在午夜后互相拜訪，成為新的一年里第一個(gè)踏上彼此家的人)”可知，新年前夜蘇格蘭人可能會(huì)歡迎第一位踏進(jìn)家門的客人，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Estonianssometimesswallow12mealsonthelastdayoftheyear.(愛沙尼亞人有時(shí)會(huì)在一年的最后一天吞下12頓飯)”可知，愛沙尼亞人有在新年前夜暴飲暴食的傳統(tǒng)，故選B。BWhenIwasyoung,mydreamsweresimple.Iwantedadog,ahousewithstairs,andafour-doorstationwagon.IusedtosayIwantedtobeapediatrician(兒科醫(yī)生)—notbecauseItrulyunderstoodwhatitmeant,butbecauseitsoundedimpressivetoadults.Iwasambitious,thoughIdidn’tknowexactlywhereIwasheaded.Lookingbacknow,Ifinditoddthatadultsaskchildren,“Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?”Itseemsasifgrowingupisfiniteandatsomepointyoubecomesomethingandthat’stheend.Mylifehastakenmanyforms.I’vebeenalawyer,ahospitalexecutive,andacharityinitiatorhelpingyoungpeople.I’vebeenawife,apainfuldaughter,andamotherlearningasIgo.And,foreightyears,Iwastheleaderofaninternationalnonprofitorganization—arolethatbroughtuniquechallengesandopportunities,humblingandempoweringmeinequalmeasure.TheexperienceofworkingfortheUNallowedmetoseetheworldinitsextremes.Ivisitedstate-of-the-artofficesandmetsmall-businessownerswhohadlosteverythingineconomicdownturns,gratefulforasteadyincome.Iencountereddishonestyandshallownessbutalsometincredibleinnovators,dedicatedemployees,andyoungentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)whosepassionandoptimismremindedmeofwhattrulymatters.Ilearnedtomanagepublicopinion,whetheritwascriticismofmybusinessdecisionsorrumors(傳聞)aboutmymanagementstyle.Throughitall,Ifocusedonstayingtruetomyself,groundedbythevaluesmymentors(導(dǎo)師)taughtme:workhard,thinkstrategically,andhonoryourjourney.Now,I’mbeginninganewchapter.Myfamilyrecentlymovedintoamodernapartmentnotfarfromouroffice,decoratedwithitemsthatremindusofourachievements.AsIsatonthebalcony,watchingmychildrenplay,Irealizedthatmychildrenaregrowingintoindependentindividuals.Myfamilyisfindingtheirrhythminanewadventure.AndI’mhere,enjoyingthesesmall,quietmomentsandthinkingaboutthestoriesIstillwanttotell.4.Whydidtheauthorwanttobeapediatricianasachild?A.Shewasalwaystheretoassist.B.Shehadapassionformedicine.C.Itmeantmoreresponsibilities.D.Itwouldmakeadultsadmireher.5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph2?A.Childhooddreamsarerarelyfulfilled.B.Peopleshouldhavelifelongambitions.C.Lifeinvolvesconstantchangeandgrowth.D.Adultsareunsureabouttheirownfuture.6.WhatbeliefdidworkingfortheUNgivetheauthor?A.Avoidpublicopinionatallcosts.B.Seekexternalrecognitionforsuccess.C.Considergainingwealthandsocialstatus.D.Staytruetoherselfagainstchallenges.7.Whatmooddoestheauthormainlyconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Ambitious. B.Reflective.C.Anxious. D.Stressed.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己的多種職業(yè)體驗(yàn)以及獲得的成長?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“IusedtosayIwantedtobeapediatrician(兒科醫(yī)生)—notbecauseItrulyunderstoodwhatitmeant,butbecauseitsoundedimpressivetoadults.(我曾經(jīng)說過我想成為一名兒科醫(yī)生——不是因?yàn)槲艺嬲斫馑暮x，而是因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)成年人來說聽起來令人印象深刻)”可知，作者兒時(shí)想成為兒科醫(yī)生是因?yàn)槟菚?huì)讓大人贊賞他，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mylifehastakenmanyforms.I’vebeenalawyer,ahospitalexecutive,andacharityinitiatorhelpingyoungpeople.I’vebeenawife,apainfuldaughter,andamotherlearningasIgo.And,foreightyears,Iwastheleaderofaninternationalnonprofitorganization—arolethatbroughtuniquechallengesandopportunities,humblingandempoweringmeinequalmeasure.(我的生活有多種形式。我做過律師、醫(yī)院主管，還做過幫助年輕人的慈善發(fā)起人。我做過妻子，做過痛苦的女兒，做過不斷學(xué)習(xí)的母親。8年來，我一直是一家國際非營利組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，這個(gè)角色給我?guī)砹霜?dú)特的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇，讓我感到謙卑，同時(shí)也賦予了我力量)”可知，作者做過很多職業(yè)和角色，也從中獲得了成長，故作者暗示了生活包含不斷的變化和成長，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Throughitall,Ifocusedonstayingtruetomyself,groundedbythevaluesmymentors(導(dǎo)師)taughtme:workhard,thinkstrategically,andhonoryourjourney.(在整個(gè)過程中，我專注于做真實(shí)的自己，以我的導(dǎo)師教給我的價(jià)值觀為基礎(chǔ)：努力工作，戰(zhàn)略性思考，尊重你的旅程)”可知，在聯(lián)合國工作教給作者的信念是面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)要忠于自己，故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AsIsatonthebalcony,watchingmychildrenplay,Irealizedthatmychildrenaregrowingintoindependentindividuals.Myfamilyisfindingtheirrhythminanewadventure.AndI’mhere,enjoyingthesesmall,quietmomentsandthinkingaboutthestoriesIstillwanttotell.(當(dāng)我坐在陽臺(tái)上，看著我的孩子們玩耍時(shí)，我意識(shí)到我的孩子們正在成長為獨(dú)立的個(gè)體。我的家人在新的冒險(xiǎn)中找到了自己的節(jié)奏。我在這里，享受著這些安靜的小時(shí)光，想著我還想講的故事)”可知，作者在最后一段主要表達(dá)了反思的情緒，故選B。CFocusingoneatingdisorders,anexhibitionattheShanghaiMentalHealthCenterhasbeendisplayingthedrawingsandclayworksofeatingdisordersufferersasarttherapy.Theseworksrevealtheircomplexemotionstowardsfood,withamixtureofdependence,resistance,longing,andfear.Theexhibitionaimstohelpthepublicbetterunderstandthediseasesandshowmoretoleranceandcare.ChenJue,directoroftheEatingDisordersTreatmentCenterofSMHC,saysthatthereisstillmuchmisunderstandingtowardseatingdisorders.“Peoplesimplyperceivesuchpatientsasthosewhodon’teatwell,makeafussaboutdietsandgotoextremesinlosingweight.”However,eatingdisordersarephysiological(生理性的)disordersthatarecloselyrelatedtopsychologicalfactors.Thenumberoffemalepatientssufferingfromeatingdisordersisuniversallyfarhigherthanmale.A19-year-oldwomanwhofinallyendedhertwo-yearfightwithanorexia(厭食癥)saysthatamainfactoristhatsocialcultureputsmorepressureonwomenintermsofappearance.In2022,ashighas77percentofanorexiapatientshospitalizedattheEDTCwereyoungerthan18.Peoplebetween13and20yearsoldarethemostaffectedbyanorexia.“Childrennowadaysarebroughtintoproximitywiththeinternetworldatanearlyage.Peopletendtobeautifytheirphotostomaketheirfacesandbodiesslimmer,”saysChen.“Also,theywillhearadultstalkingaboutgoingondietsandlosingweightquiteoften.Gradually,they’llformaconceptthataslimfiguremeansbeauty,attentionandself-discipline.”sheadds.Theexhibitionisharvestinggoodwillfromthepublic.“Thegalleryallowedmetolearnforthefirsttimethatpatientswitheatingdisordersareenduringhardships.Ifeelthattheyareverybraveandhopetheycanrecoversoon.”readsamessageinthemessagebook.ZhangQinwen,whoparticipatedindesigningtheexhibitionandwasonceapatientforyearsherself,hopesthepubliccanunderstandtheessenceofeatingdisordersthroughtheformofart,butnotignorethepainduetotheartisticexpressions.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheexhibition?A.Toraisetheawarenessofthepublic.B.Toshowtheartistictalentofsufferers.C.Topromotearttherapyamongpatients.D.Todisplayvariousartworksonanorexia.9.Whatisthemaincauseofeatingdisorderamongfemales?A.Workingburden.B.Strongurgetodiet.C.Weakerself-control.D.Socialappearancepressure.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“broughtintoproximitywith”meaninparagraph4?A.Seriouslywarnedof.B.Constantlyexposedto.C.Hardlyinfluencedby.D.Completelyseparatedfrom.11.Howcanwedescribetheexhibitionfromthelastparagraph?A.Well-received.B.Highly-profitable.C.Terribly-exhausting.D.Time-consuming.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了上海市精神衛(wèi)生中心舉辦的以“進(jìn)食障礙”為主題的展覽?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theexhibitionaimstohelpthepublicbetterunderstandthediseasesandshowmoretoleranceandcare.(該展覽旨在幫助公眾更好地了解疾病，并表現(xiàn)出更多的寬容和關(guān)懷)”可知，該展覽的目的是提高公眾的意識(shí)，故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“A19-year-oldwomanwhofinallyendedhertwo-yearfightwithanorexia(厭食癥)saysthatamainfactoristhatsocialcultureputsmorepressureonwomenintermsofappearance.(一名19歲的女性終于結(jié)束了與厭食癥長達(dá)兩年的抗?fàn)?，她說，主要原因是社會(huì)文化對(duì)女性的外表施加了更大的壓力)”可知，女性進(jìn)食障礙的主要原因是來自社會(huì)外表方面的壓力，故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分上文“Peoplebetween13and20yearsoldarethemostaffectedbyanorexia.(13到20歲的人最容易被厭食癥影響)”和下文“Peopletendtobeautifytheirphotostomaketheirfacesandbodiesslimmer(人們傾向于美化他們的照片，使他們的臉和身體更苗條)”可知，13歲到20歲的人最容易被厭食癥影響，說明他們不斷地接觸到網(wǎng)絡(luò)，被網(wǎng)絡(luò)上人們美化過的照片所影響，故此處意為“現(xiàn)在的孩子在很小的時(shí)候就接觸到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界”，broughtintoproximitywith意為“不斷地接觸到”，故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theexhibitionisharvestinggoodwillfromthepublic.“Thegalleryallowedmetolearnforthefirsttimethatpatientswitheatingdisordersareenduringhardships.Ifeelthattheyareverybraveandhopetheycanrecoversoon.”readsamessageinthemessagebook.(這次展覽獲得了公眾的好感。“畫廊讓我第一次了解到進(jìn)食障礙患者正在忍受痛苦。我覺得他們很勇敢，希望他們能早日康復(fù)?！绷粞圆旧系囊粭l留言寫道)”可知，該展覽很好地為人們所接受，故選A。DStanfordUniversityhasrecentlyconductedaremarkablestudythatmayholdthekeytorenewingtheagingbrain.Theresearch,publishedintherenownedjournalNature,focusedontheGLUT4gene.Inthenormalagingprocess,neuralstemcells(干細(xì)胞)inthebrain,whichareresponsibleforgeneratingnewneurons(神經(jīng)元),graduallylosetheiractivity.Thisdeclineleadstoareductionintheproductionofnewneurons,subsequentlyresultinginaworseningmemoryandanincreasedriskofneurodegenerativediseasessuchasAlzheimer’sandParkinson’s.TheStanfordteam,ledbyProfessorAnneBrunet,setouttoexplorewaystochangethistrend.UsingthepowerfulCRISPRgene-editingtechnology,theresearchersscreened300genesrelatedtotheactivityofneuralstemcellsinmice.Thiswasapainstakingandtime-consumingtaskthatrequiredthoroughattentiontodetail.Afteracomplexprocessofremovalandconfirmation,theyeventuallyidentifiedtheGLUT4gene.Thisgeneplaysacrucialroleintransportingglucose(葡萄糖)intocells.Interestingly,intheagedbrain,neuralstemcellsaresurroundedbyhighlevelsofglucose,whichmightbethecauseoftheirinactivity.Totesttheirtheory,thededicatedresearchteamattentivelyknockedouttheGLUT4geneinthebrainsofoldmice.Astonishingly,afterafewweeksofcloseobservationanddetailedanalysis,theyobservedaremarkabledoublinginthenumberofnewneuronsintheolfactorybulbs(嗅球)ofthesemice.Thisunexpectedyetsignificantfindingstronglysuggeststhatbypreciselyregulatingglucoselevels,itispotentiallypossibletoeffectivelyreactivatetheneuralstemcellsintheagingbrainandpowerfullystimulatethegenerationofnewneurons.Thisresearchnotonlyopensupnewavenuesforthedevelopmentofdrugsandgenetreatmentsaimedatpromotingneuronalregenerationintheagedordamagedbrainbutalsoimpliesthatsimplelifestyleadvice,suchasalow-carbohydrate(碳水化合物)diet,mightpotentiallyactivateneuralstemcells.Itisasignificantstepforwardinourunderstandingofbrainhealthandoffershopeformaintainingcognitivefunctionintheelderly.12.WhatwasthemotivationoftheStanfordresearchers?A.Toproveneuralstemcelldeclineisunavoidable.B.Tofindwaystospeedupthenormalagingprocess.C.Toturnaroundthetrendofneuralstemcellsdecline.D.Tostudytheworkingbehaviorofneuronsinthebrain.13.WhatisthefunctionoftheGLUT4gene?A.Itaffectsthedeliveryofglucoseincells.B.Itdecreasesthenumberofanti-agingcells.C.Itchangesthestructureofneuralstemcells.D.Itkeepsneuralstemcellsfromsomediseases.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Therelationshipbetweendietandnewneurons.B.Theprocessofobservingnewneuronsinoldmice.C.TheapplicationoftheGLUT4geneinmedicalfields.D.TheexperimenttotesttheassumptionaboutGLUT4gene.15.Whyisalow-carbohydratedietmentionedinparagraph5?A.Tounlockthesecretoftheagingbrain.B.Toshowanapplicationofthenewresearch.C.Toconfirmthesignificanceofahealthydiet.D.Todemonstratethedrawbackoftheresearch.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)衰老神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞內(nèi)部和周圍葡萄糖水平的升高可能是導(dǎo)致它們不活躍的原因，通過精確調(diào)節(jié)葡萄糖水平，有可能有效地重新激活老化大腦中的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，以促進(jìn)新神經(jīng)元生長。它表明未來有可能開發(fā)相關(guān)藥物和方法來刺激衰老或受傷大腦中的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞重新生長神經(jīng)元?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthenormalagingprocess,neuralstemcells(干細(xì)胞)inthebrain,whichareresponsibleforgeneratingnewneurons(神經(jīng)元),graduallylosetheiractivity.Thisdeclineleadstoareductionintheproductionofnewneurons,subsequentlyresultinginaworseningmemoryandanincreasedriskofneurodegenerativediseasessuchasAlzheimer’sandParkinson’s.TheStanfordteam,ledbyProfessorAnneBrunet,setouttoexplorewaystochangethistrend.(在正常的衰老過程中，大腦中負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生新神經(jīng)元的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞逐漸失去活性。這種衰退導(dǎo)致新神經(jīng)元的產(chǎn)生減少，隨后導(dǎo)致記憶力惡化，患阿爾茨海默氏癥和帕金森病等神經(jīng)退行性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。由AnneBrunet教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的斯坦福大學(xué)研究小組開始探索改變這一趨勢的方法。)”可知，在衰老過程中，神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞衰退導(dǎo)致記憶力惡化，患神經(jīng)性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，斯坦福的這項(xiàng)研究動(dòng)機(jī)是扭轉(zhuǎn)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞衰退的趨勢，故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thisgeneplaysacrucialroleintransportingglucose(葡萄糖)intocells.(這個(gè)基因在將葡萄糖運(yùn)輸?shù)郊?xì)胞中起著至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知，GLUT4基因的功能是影響細(xì)胞中葡萄糖的運(yùn)輸，故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Totesttheirtheory,thededicatedresearchteamattentivelyknockedouttheGLUT4geneinthebrainsofoldmice.Astonishingly,afterafewweeksofcloseobservationanddetailedanalysis,theyobservedaremarkabledoublinginthenumberofnewneuronsintheolfactorybulbs(嗅球)ofthesemice.Thisunexpectedyetsignificantfindingstronglysuggeststhatbypreciselyregulatingglucoselevels,itispotentiallypossibletoeffectivelyreactivatetheneuralstemcellsintheagingbrainandpowerfullystimulatethegenerationofnewneurons.(為了驗(yàn)證他們的理論，這個(gè)專門的研究小組仔細(xì)地敲除了老年小鼠大腦中的GLUT4基因。令人驚訝的是，經(jīng)過幾周的密切觀察和詳細(xì)分析，他們觀察到這些老鼠嗅球中新神經(jīng)元的數(shù)量顯著增加了一倍。這一意想不到但意義重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈表明，通過精確調(diào)節(jié)葡萄糖水平，有可能有效地重新激活老化大腦中的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，并有力地刺激新神經(jīng)元的產(chǎn)生)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于驗(yàn)證GLUT4基因假設(shè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thisresearchnotonlyopensupnewavenuesforthedevelopmentofdrugsandgenetreatmentsaimedatpromotingneuronalregenerationintheagedordamagedbrainbutalsoimpliesthatsimplelifestyleadvice,suchasalow-carbohydrate(碳水化合物)diet,mightpotentiallyactivateneuralstemcells.(這項(xiàng)研究不僅為開發(fā)藥物和旨在促進(jìn)衰老或受損大腦中的神經(jīng)元再生的基因治療開辟了新的途徑，而且還意味著簡單的生活方式建議，如低碳水化合物飲食，可能會(huì)激活神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞)”可知，該研究表明簡單的生活方式，如低碳水化合物飲食，可能會(huì)激活神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，故本段提到低碳水化合物飲食是為了展示該項(xiàng)新研究的一個(gè)應(yīng)用，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Parentingcanfeellikeaseriesofmomentsofemotionalstruggle,fromasmallchild’semotionalexplosiontoteenageoutburstsandeverythinginbetween.____16____Insteadofseeingyourselfasafrustratedparent,consideryourselfasyourchildren’semotionalregulationcoach,whichwillreducestressandyourchild’sreactivity.Viewingyourselfasanemotioncoachredefinesyourrole.Seetheemotionaloutburstsnotasfailuresofyourparentingbutasopportunitiesforguidance.____17____Byteachingyourchildrentohandledifficultemotions,youareshowingthemthatyou’reasafepersontheycanrelyon.Thus,youcreateasupportivespaceforemotionallearning.Justimagineyour6-year-old,Sam.Hemeltsdowninthemiddleofthegrocerystorebecausehecan’thaveatoyhespotted.Yourinstinctmightbefrustration,embarrassment,oradesiretogethimtostopbyofferingsomethinghewants.____18____Insteadofreacting,youmighttakeadeepbreath,benddowntoSam’slevelandsay,“Icanseeyou’redisappointed.Ifeeldisappointedsometimes,too.”____19____You’reshowinghimthatwhilehisfeelingsarevalid,therearewaystoexpressthemrespectfully.Thisshowsemotionsaremanageableandnotsomethingtofear.Asanemotioncoach,youaren’tpunishingyourchildfortheirreactionorshuttingdowntheirfeelings.Instead,you’reguidinghimtorecognizeandhandlehisemotions,layingthegroundworkforbetteremotionalresilience(適應(yīng)力).Themoreyoupracticethis,themoreyourchildlearnstomanagetheseemotionsindependently.____20____A.Thiswillmakeyourlifelessstressful.B.Itiscrucialtoshowthevalueofbelief.C.You’remorelikelytoignoretheiroutbursts.DSowhynotmakeachangetoeasethesetensions?E.But,ashisemotioncoach,youcanshiftyourresponse.F.Itwillhelpyoustepbackfromyourchildren’sbehavior.G.Bydoingthis,you’remodelinghowtoprocessemotionscalmly.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。為人父母的感覺就像是一系列情感掙扎的瞬間，從幼兒的情感爆發(fā)到青少年的爆發(fā)，以及中間的一切。但是我們可以做出一些改變來緩解這些情感掙扎。文章主要介紹了一些方法。【16題詳解】上文“Parentingcanfeellikeaseriesofmomentsofemotionalstruggle,fromasmallchild’semotionalexplosiontoteenageoutburstsandeverythinginbetween.(為人父母的感覺就像是一系列情感掙扎的瞬間，從幼兒的情感爆發(fā)到青少年的爆發(fā)，以及中間的一切。)”指出為人父母的感覺就像是一系列情感掙扎的瞬間，下文“Insteadofseeingyourselfasafrustratedparent,consideryourselfasyourchildren’semotionalregulationcoach,whichwillreducestressandyourchild’sreactivity.(不要把自己看作是一個(gè)沮喪的父母，而是要把自己看作是你孩子的情緒調(diào)節(jié)教練，這將減少壓力和你孩子的反應(yīng)性)”指出父母應(yīng)該如何緩解這些一些列的情感掙扎，由此可知，空處應(yīng)該承上啟下，指出我們可以緩解這些情感掙扎，D項(xiàng)“那么，為什么不進(jìn)行更改以緩解這些緊張局勢呢？”符合，故選D。【17題詳解】上文“Viewingyourselfasanemotioncoachredefinesyourrole.Seetheemotionaloutburstsnotasfailuresofyourparentingbutasopportunitiesforguidance.(將自己視為情感教練可以重新定義你的角色。將情感爆發(fā)不要視為育兒的失敗，而是作為指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)。)”指出我們應(yīng)該在育兒方面的正確做法，空處承接上文，指出這些做法的好處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這將幫助你退一步看待孩子的行為。”符合，故選F?！?8題詳解】上文“Justimagineyour6-year-old,Sam.Hemeltsdowninthemiddleofthegrocerystorebecausehecan’thaveatoyhespotted.Yourinstinctmightbefrustration,embarrassment,oradesiretogethimtostopbyofferingsomethinghewants.(想象一下你6歲的兒子，Sam。他在超市中央崩潰，因?yàn)樗荒艿玫剿吹降囊粋€(gè)玩具。你的本能可能是感到沮喪、尷尬，想通過提供他想要的東西來讓他停止。)”舉例指出孩子情緒崩潰時(shí)，你的本能可能是感到沮喪、尷尬，想通過提供他想要的東西來讓他停止，這實(shí)際上是不正確的做法，你應(yīng)該改變，E項(xiàng)“但是，作為他的情緒教練，你可以改變你的反應(yīng)?！狈?，故選E?！?9題詳解】上文“Insteadofreacting,youmighttakeadeepbreath,benddowntoSam’slevelandsay,“Icanseeyou’redisappointed.Ifeeldisappointedsometimes,too.”(你可以深深地吸一口氣，蹲下來和山姆保持同一高度，然后說：“我能看出來你很失望。我有時(shí)也會(huì)感到失望”。)”指出孩子情緒崩潰時(shí)你的正確做法，空處承接上文，指出這么做的好處，G“通過這樣做，你是在示范如何冷靜地處理情緒?！狈?，指出這么做對(duì)孩子的好處，故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Asanemotioncoach,youaren’tpunishingyourchildfortheirreactionorshuttingdowntheirfeelings.Instead,you’reguidinghimtorecognizeandhandlehisemotions,layingthegroundworkforbetteremotionalresilience(適應(yīng)力).Themoreyoupracticethis,themoreyourchildlearnstomanagetheseemotionsindependently.(作為情緒教練，你并不是在懲罰孩子對(duì)情緒的反應(yīng)，也不是在壓抑他們的情感。相反，你是在引導(dǎo)他們認(rèn)識(shí)和處理情緒，為更好的情緒韌性打下基礎(chǔ)。你練習(xí)得越多，孩子就越能獨(dú)立管理這些情緒。)”指出作為情感教練，你的正確做法在引導(dǎo)孩子認(rèn)識(shí)和處理情緒，為更好的情緒韌性打下基礎(chǔ)，空處承接上文，對(duì)上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，指出這么做的好處，A項(xiàng)“這會(huì)讓你的生活壓力更小。”符合，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Ibelongtoapoorfamilyfromasmallremotevillagewherewehavenocollege,oruniversity.After____21____gradeten,myfathertoldmethathecouldnolonger____22____myschoolingexpenses.Thatnight,whilelyingawakeinthedarkness,Ifelt____23____aboutmyfuture.Determinedtocontinuemystudies,Idecidedtomovetothecity.Overwhelmedbytheovercrowdedstreetsand____24____traffic,Ioftenfoundmyselfcryingatnight,missingmyfamilyandthe____25____ofvillagelife.Afterdaysoffruitlesssearching,Ifinally____26____ajobatasmallrestaurant.Onedayamancametotherestaurantforacupoftea.Helookedatme____27____andasked,“Whyareyouworkinghere?”Mycousinwarnedmeofpeoplewhotake____28____ofpoorvillagefolkcomingtothecitytowork.Inspiteofhisstrangelookandmyunease,Ihavenoreasontodisrespectmy____29____.Ipolitelyansweredhisquestionsaboutmy_____30_____.“I’dliketopayforallyourcollegefees.Youcanfocusonyourstudies.”Themanspoke,directand_____31_____.Onehundredvoicesrushedthroughmyheadblockingouthis_____32_____,butIfinallyaccepted.Overthenexttwoyears,thisman,whomIlatercalled“BigBrother”,supportedmyeducationwithouteveraskingforanything_____33_____.Withhisencouragement,Iexcelledacademicallyandeventually_____34_____admissiontooneofthetopuniversitieswithascholarship.Inspiredbyhis_____35_____,Ihopetofollowhisexample,believingthatevenasmallactofcompassioncanmaketheworldabetterplace.21.A.completing B.pursuing C.dropping D.escaping22.A.reduce B.monitor C.afford D.donate23.A.confident B.lost C.relaxed D.indifferent24.A.sharp B.smooth C.heavy D.slow25.A.simplicity B.challenge C.grace D.presence26.A.failed B.avoided C.provided D.landed27.A.strangely B.casually C.generally D.proudly28A.force B.charge C.care D.advantage29.A.professor B.customer C.assistant D.partner30.A.dream B.prospect C.situation D.conclusion31.A.firm B.cute C.weak D.doubtful32.A.request B.offer C.application D.invitation33.A.inplace B.inreturn C.oncondition D.onpurpose34.A.challenged B.improved C.secured D.changed35.A.courage B.creativity C.wisdom D.generosity【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.C25.A26.D27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述出身貧窮的作者通過自己努力和好心人資助完成學(xué)業(yè)的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：十年級(jí)畢業(yè)后，父親告訴我，他再也負(fù)擔(dān)不起我的學(xué)費(fèi)了。A.completing完成；B.pursuing追求；C.dropping降低，掉落；D.escaping逃跑。根據(jù)下文“myfathertoldmethathecouldnolonger____2____myschoolingexpenses”以及“Determinedtocontinuemystudies”可知，此處指上完十年級(jí)后，作者無法再繼續(xù)上學(xué)，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.reduce減少；B.monitor監(jiān)視，檢查；C.afford支付得起；D.donate捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)上文“Ibelongtoapoorfamily”可知，作者家庭貧困，故父親負(fù)擔(dān)不起學(xué)費(fèi)，故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，我躺在黑暗中，無法入睡，我對(duì)自己的未來感到迷茫。A.co