PAGEPAGE1SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures——限制性定語從句(1)一、定義1.在主從復合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。2.關系詞分為關系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。二、關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who引導的定語從句[合作探究]Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在車禍中受傷的孩子們正在醫(yī)院接受治療。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的那個人。[自主發(fā)覺1]who指人，在定語從句中可以充當主語、賓語。2.whom引導的定語從句[合作探究]Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.羅絲是你應當關切的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老師常常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。[自主發(fā)覺2]whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略，也可用who代替。3.whose引導的定語從句[合作探究]Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我相識那個人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一個窗子朝北的房間里。[自主發(fā)覺3]whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關系，whose在定語從句中作定語。4.which引導的定語從句[合作探究]Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那個年輕人領回了在火車上丟失的金戒指，特別興奮。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一個又大又紅的蘋果。[自主發(fā)覺4]which指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時可省略。5.that引導的定語從句[合作探究]Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達100萬。(that指人，作主語)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那個手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主語)[自主發(fā)覺5]that既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可以省略。習慣上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。[名師提示](1)關系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。(2)關系代詞在從句中作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。[名師提示]關系詞有兩個作用：一、引導定語從句二、代替先行詞在其引導的定語從句中充當肯定的句子成分。理解概念，弄清晰關系詞在定語從句中充當什么成分，是駕馭定語從句的關鍵。[鞏固內化1](1)用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空①Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?②Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.③ThegirlwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.⑤Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.⑥Look，herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.⑦Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?⑧Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.(2)推斷正誤昨天晚上我們看的那部電影特別嚇人。⑨Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.(F)⑩Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(T)三、關系詞只能用that而不用which的狀況1.當先行詞為all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代詞時。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老師講的你都登記來了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.全部能做的都做了。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.這是我吃過的最美味的食品。3.先行詞被all，every，theonly，thevery，thelast等修飾時。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已經(jīng)讀了全部那些不是我的書。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丟的鋼筆。4.當先行詞既指人，又指物時。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。[鞏固內化2]補全句子①ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.這是我參觀過的最美麗的公園。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.她把她感愛好的人和物都拍攝了下來。③Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.閑聊是她唯一最感愛好的事。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Theearthquakethat/whichhitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.3.Haveyoureadthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?4.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1，000yuan.5.Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.6.Hanyistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.7.Thewriterandhisworkthatyoutoldmearereallyfamous.8.Allthatweneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.9.Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Ⅱ.補全句子1.Theearthquakethat/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976shockedthepeopleallovertheworld.發(fā)生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震驚。2.Sheisoneofthegirlswhohavepassedtheexam.她是通過考試的女孩之一。3.Doyoumeantheonethatyouboughtyesterday?你指的是昨天買的那個嗎？4.WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/whichwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.我們將學習唐朝創(chuàng)作的一些中國詩歌。5.Theteacherissayingsomethingtothestudentwhosemotherdiedintheaccident.老師正在與那位在事故中失去媽媽的學生說著什么。Ⅲ.語法填空SarahJayneisatwenty-year-oldgirlfromtheU.K.AftershereadthebookPayItForward，sherealizedthatourworldwouldbecomeamuch1.(good)placeifeveryonecoulddothreefavors(善意的行為)forothers.Shelostherfather2.theageofeight，soshefeltpityforherfriends’schildrenwhosedaddied3.(recent).Sarahtalkedandplayedwiththechildrentomaketheirmother’slifeeasier.This“success”ledtothesecondfavor，whichwastosetupacounseling(詢問)serviceatherschool4.(help)improvethestudents’mental(心理的)health.Herthirdfavorwasforaneighbor，anoldwomannamedAnnawholost5.(she)eyesight.ItwasAnnathat6.(introduce)thebookPayitForwardtoSarahtwomonthsago.Asshelovedreading，itwas7.realactofkindnesstospendtime8.(read)outloudfortheneighborandkeepinghercompanyeverynight.Sarahsaid，“Icouldn’tbelieveatfirsthowthreesmallfavorscouldmakeabig9.(different).Allthepeople10.werehelpedbymehavepromisedtopayfavorsforward.”【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了一個英國女孩因為讀了一本書后做了三個善舉，并使得受助者也情愿去幫助別人。1.better[依據(jù)該空前的much可知，該空應用形容詞的比較級，故填better。]2.at[attheageof表示“在……歲時”。]3.recently[該空應用副詞修飾動詞，故填recently。]4.tohelp[該空用動詞不