PAGEPAGE4完形填空題的考查類型語境理解考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進行分析、推理、判斷的能力。語境理解是高考完形填空題考查的重點，充分體現(xiàn)了高考“突出語境、淡化語法”的改革思路和命題精神。這些空有的需要根據(jù)上文信息作答，有的需要根據(jù)下文信息作答，有的則需要上下文信息的結(jié)合，甚至通篇讀完后才能作出正確選擇。例如：Ayoungmanwasgettingreadytograduatefromcollege.Formanymonthshehad36abeautifulsportscarinadealer’sshowroom,andknowinghisfathercouldwellaffordit,hetoldhimthatwasallhewanted.(2009遼寧卷36.A.expectedB.enjoyedC.admiredD.owned邏輯關(guān)系考查考生對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、增補關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系等。四個選項都是表示文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫等邏輯關(guān)系的詞語，必須弄清句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，才可作出正確選擇。例如：InthecomplexandtechnologicalsocietythattheUnitedStateshasbecome,eachmembermustfulfillanumberofpersonalandoccupationalrolesandbeincontactwithmanyothermembers.44,viewingchildrenasnecessarymembersofsocietymeansthattheyareregardedmoreaspeopleintheirownrightthanasthoseofsubordination.(2008福建卷)44.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Therefore習慣搭配考查考生對英語常見固定短語和習慣用法的掌握情況。如動詞與名詞的搭配、動詞與介詞或副詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配等。例如：Paulwalkedonsilently.“Look,thereitisagain.We’relost,aren’twe?”complainedPeter.Paulhadtoadmitthathedidn’tknowwheretheywere.Afterall,theywerealongdistancefromwheretheywere49tobe....Carefully,theboysfollowedthemarksthattheyhadleft,untilfinallytheyfoundtheircampsite.Hurriedly,theypackedtheirbelongingsandsetoff55thedirectionoftheriver.(2009江西卷)49.A.discoveredB.encouragedC.persuadedD.supposed55.A.forB.toC.atD.in固定句型Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwas(hard)tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno40askinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.(2009北京卷)40.A.pointB.reasonC.resultD.right背景常識考查考生在日常學習和生活中所積累的經(jīng)驗和基本常識，以及一些基本的背景知識。例如：Lastweek,ayoungmanaheadofmeinthelineatapetrolstationdidn’thaveenoughmoneytopayforhispetrol.Iaskedthemoneycollector,“Howmuchshortishe?”Shetoldmehehadmeanttoput$15ofpetrolinhiscarbuthehadbeenlookingatthewronggauge(計量表)andhadputin1548,whichcametojustover$20.Thatisaneasymistakeasbothgaugesrunfast.(2009安徽卷)48.A.litresB.kilogramsC.poundsD.kilometresButweransomuchthat,afterwards,wehadtrouble45.(2004北京卷)A.speakingB.movingC.sleepingD.breathing邏輯推理考查考生根據(jù)文意和所掌握的知識和經(jīng)驗進行簡單的邏輯推理來確定選項的能力。例如：“DidIdosomething38?Don’tyoulovemeanymore,Mom?”werejustafewofthequestionshethrewatmeasIlaughinglyaskedhimwhatwaswrong.(2008全國卷II)38.A.wrongB.funnyC.strangeD.smart詞語辨析考查考生在特定語境中區(qū)別近義詞的能力。幾個選項的詞性相同、意義相近，要求我們在特定的語境中區(qū)分它們之間的差別。例如：Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefullycountedthecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebicyclehewantedwasatleast$90!Howonearthwashegoingtogettherestofthemoney?Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwas39tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno(point)askinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneyto41.(2009北京卷)39.A.braveB.hardC.smartD.unfair41.A.splitB.spendC.spareD.saveIwanttothankyouforteachingmeaveryvaluablelessoninlifebythegreatexampleyouset.WhenwewereeatingatthatcaféinBondiandapersonwhohad38hishamburgerdidn’thaveenoughmoneytopayforit,withoutanyhesitation,youwentoverandputtheextra$2intohishand.(2009安徽卷)38.A.orderedB.bookedC.offeredD.bought語法知識雖然完形填空題主要以考查語義理解為主，但間或也會滲透語法知識。例如：WhenStephenGuyer’sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowhisgrandfather,abanker,lostallinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimes37hisstrong-mindedgrandfatherwasnearlypenniless,heloadedhisfamilyintothecarandtookthemtoseefamilymembersinCanadawithabelief,“Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”(2009福建卷)37.A.whenB.whileC.howD.why1.巧用語意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語，如but，though，although，instead，however，onthecontrary，otherwise等，我們可利用這些暗示來解決問題。有時也可能沒有這些詞語的出現(xiàn)。Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters___1___tobusinesses，schoolsorgovernmentoffices.___2___lettersareforrelatives，orformer（以前的）teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand，butyoushould___3___aformalletter.1.A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2.A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3.A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman___1___hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage___2___London.Hegotoutofhiscarand___3___thewheels（車輪）carefully，butashefoundnothing___4___hecontinuedhisway.1.A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2.A.toB.forC.fromD.of3.A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4.A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter3.巧用具體示例線索解題即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實例進行分析，將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進行優(yōu)選，將與具體示例無關(guān)的信息進行排除，從而便可得出所需答案。Everystudentmustweartheir___1___whentheyareatschool.Thereare___2___itemsofuniforms：suits，dresses，shorts，skirtsandT-shirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbags，capsandsocks.1.A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2.A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot4.巧用同義反義線索解題5.巧用邏輯順序線索解題即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容，同時結(jié)合一定的生活常識，對所推斷的內(nèi)容進行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。6.巧用語篇標志線索解題語篇一般指比單個句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語可稱為