機密★啟用前2024年下學期高二期末質量檢測英語本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應的答案標號涂黑，如有改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrow?A.Takethetext.B.Havethehiking.C.Visitthemuseum.2.WhyisDavidlearningSpanish?A.Topasstheexam.B.Toprepareforthetrip.C.Tomakeafriend.3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Talktotheboss.B.Reducetheclass.C.Changeajob.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Worried.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abreakonweekends.B.Askillforkillingthetime.C.Aplanforpreparingthemeals.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、Ｂ、Ｃ三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisEmily’srecenttopicinherpainting?A.Landscape.B.Sea.C.Garden.7.WhatdoesTomprobablydo?A.Ateacher.B.AGardener.C.Apainter.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdidAnnedoovertheweekend?A.Sheshotmanyphotos.B.Shetooksomeadventure.C.Sheattendedanartshow.9.WhatdidTomdiscoverinthecamerahebought?A.Anoldphoto.B.Anunknownnote.C.Anundevelopedfilm.10.Wheredidtheshopownerbuythecamera?A.Inacamerasale.B.Atanartfestival.C.Inasecond-handshop.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whendidtheprogramstart?A.4monthsago.B.6monthsago.C.10monthsago.12.Whatdidtheprogramoffer?A.Healthcourses.B.Sportsfacilities.C.Freemedicaltreatment.13.Whatwasakeyresultoftheprogram?A.Reducedcrimerates.B.Higherincomelevels.C.Increasedmentalwell-being.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InChina.B.InItaly.C.IntheUS.15.WheredidLauragettheideaforherbookstore?A.Fromatrip.B.Fromherfriend.C.Fromanonlinestore.16.Howdocustomersfeelaboutthebookstore’sconcept?A.Confused.B.Unclear.C.Delighted.17.Howoftenwillthearteventbeheld?A.Everymonth.B.Everyweek.C.Everytwoweeks.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Aparentingexpert.B.Atidyingconsultant.C.Achildren’sbookauthor.19.WhatsurprisedMarieKondo’sfollowers?A.HervisittoChina.B.Herchangeinfocus.C.Hernewbookaboutchildren.20.WhatisMarieKondo’semphasisinorganizingspaces?A.Makinghappychoices.B.Havingaperfectspace.C.Acquiringmorecontainers.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AYouthSportsCoachYouthSports&Fitnessisseekingvolunteercoachesforyouthsoccerleaguesandthetrack&fieldprogram.DesiredQualificationsBasicknowledgeofsoccerandrunningisrequired.Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.Specificeducationalbackgroundsorpriorexperienceisnotamust.Andphysicalconditionshouldbesufficienttoengageinsoccer-relatedactivities,butexcellentathleticismisnotnecessary.ApplicationPleasedownload,completeandsubmitthefollowingtoemccaslin@.Ifyouhavequestions,contactErinviae-mailorphoneat425-452-4627.★VolunteerApplication:pleaseincludethenameoftheleagueorprogramforwhichyouwouldliketovolunteer.★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youre-mailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免責聲明))PS:Iftheapplicantisunder18,aparentmustsignonyourwaiverofliability.SelectionProcedures★Applicationpaperworkisprocessed.★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviae-mailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.★Selectedapplicantswillreceiveon-sitetraining.1.WhatfeaturesofapplicantsdoesYouthSports&Fitnessfindvaluable?A.Richcoachingexperience. B.Majoringinsports.C.Astrongsenseofresponsibility. D.Excellentphysicalfitness.2.Whatmustapplicantsprovideintheirapplication?A.Thecontactinformation. B.Thecoachingcertification.C.Aletterofrecommendation. D.Awaiverofliabilitysignedbyaparent.3.Howcanapplicantslearnaboutthelatestapplicationresult?A.Bycontactingtheclub. B.Bycheckingtheiremail.C.Byphoningat425-452-4627. D.Byvisitingemccaslin@.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了YouthSports&Fitness招募青年足球聯(lián)賽和田徑項目志愿者教練的信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DesiredQualifications部分中“Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.(申請人必須有責任感、值得信賴，并且愿意付出努力)”可知，該組織看重申請人是否有強烈的責任感。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application部分中“★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youremailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免責聲明))(★背景調查：請在申請郵件中包含以下信息，以便我們通過雇主選擇篩選進行背景調查。(你的全名/你的手機號碼/你的電子郵件地址/免責聲明))”可知，申請人必須提供聯(lián)系方式。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SelectionProcedures部分中“★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviaemailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.(★通過背景調查后，被選中的申請人將通過電子郵件得到通知)”可知，申請人可以通過查看他們的電子郵件了解最新的申請結果。故選B項。BNearlyadecadeago,ayounggirlinKerala,aruralareainIndia,wasfascinatedbytheworldofmotorsports.Theexcitementofspeedandtheprecisionofcontrollightedadreamthatwouldsoonmakehistory.Thatgirl,SalvaMarjan,transformedherfascinationintoalifelongambition.Salva’sjourneyintotheworldofformularacingbeganwithFormulaLGB,apopularentry-levelracingseries.HerdriveandcommitmentquicklyqualifiedherfortheF4IndianChampionshipin2023,whereshemadehermarkwithanimpressiveperformance.Thatsameyear,shealsocompetedintheF4UAEChampionship.Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(剎車)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.Today,SalvaMarjanisthebrandambassador(大使)forNextLevelRacing,abrandthatpartiallysponsorshertrainingexpenses.Salva’sultimategoalistorepresentIndiainFormula1,inspiringthenextgenerationofwomenracers.4.WhatpushedSalvatosettleintheUAE?A.Herhopeofqualificationforsportscars.B.HerdesiretodowellintheF1Academy.C.HerexpectationofadvertisingFormulaLGB.D.Herwishtowatchanimpressiveperformance.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSalva’sparentsinParagraph3?A.They’rebrave. B.They’rediscouraged.C.They’reworried. D.They’rehesitant.6.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromSalva’sstory?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.It’snevertoolatetolearn.C.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest. D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofFormulaRacingAmongWomenB.ThePowerofPassioninChallengingSportingEventsC.FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourneyD.FromDreamstoReality:SalvaMarjanintheF4Championship【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講的是印度喀拉拉邦的一個年輕女孩SalvaMarjan如何克服困難，追求賽車夢想的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.(認識到需要高級培訓和更多機會，Salva最近搬到了阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國。在這里，她正在完善自己的技能，并努力迎接下一個重大挑戰(zhàn)：一級方程式比賽。)”可知，Salva認識到需要更高級的訓練和更多的機會，要為下一個挑戰(zhàn)（一級方程式比賽）做準備，可得出Salva定居在阿聯(lián)酋是為了在一級方程式比賽表現(xiàn)出色。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.(雖然她的家人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評。社會規(guī)范導致人們對女孩應該如何行事和避免風險給出不必要的建議。然而，Salva的父母毫不猶豫地支持她。“他們被教導如何撫養(yǎng)女孩，以及女孩應該如何承擔風險或獨立。我的父母從來沒有因為性別而區(qū)別對待我們?！盨alva自豪地說。)”可知，盡管家庭支持她，但社區(qū)里有人批評他們如何教育女兒，認為女孩不應冒險或獨立。但Salva的父母從未因性別而區(qū)別對待女兒，始終支持她。所以可以推斷父母是勇敢的，面對批評仍然堅持支持女兒。故選A項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.(Salva的成功之路絕非一帆風順。與F4培訓相關的高成本構成了一個重大障礙。雖然她的家人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評。社會規(guī)范導致人們對女孩應該如何行事和避免風險給出不必要的建議)”和第四段的句子“Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(剎車)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.(在一項傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導的運動中，Salva意識到女性面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。賽車對身體的要求確實是難以忍受的，賽車內部的溫度經常攀升到40℃。制動壓力可以從60到100公斤。她在一些比賽中經歷了撞車和令人失望的表現(xiàn)。她曾經考慮過放棄，但她對賽車的熱情總是把她拉回來。)”可知，Salva克服經濟困難、社會偏見和生理挑戰(zhàn)，最終接近夢想，體現(xiàn)了“有志者事竟成”的精神。故選D項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是Salva從印度喀拉拉邦起步，逐步邁向F1的勵志旅程。選項C“FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourney(從喀拉拉邦到一級方程式：SalvaMarjan的鼓舞人心的旅程)”既涵蓋起點與目標，又突出“激勵”主題，最貼切。故選C項。CIfyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.Youmaybeinvolvedinhandinginpapers,overthinkingoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepast.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsandbecomeself-critical(自我批判)iftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.AmandaRuggeri,writingaboutperfectionismforBBCFuture,explains,“Whenperfectionistsdon’tsucceed,theydon’tjustfeeldisappointmentabouthowtheydid.Theyfeelshameaboutwhotheyare.”Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedhowperfectionismwasrelatedtomentalhealthacrosspreviousstudies.Theylookedatatotalof284studiesandfoundthatperfectionismwasassociatedwithdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.However,otherresearcherssuggestthatperfectionismisnotadaptive:accordingtotheseresearchers,perfectionismismorethanjustholdingyourselftohighstandards,andtheydon’tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing,embracingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.8.Whatisacommonstruggleforperfectionists?A.Theyalwaysletgoofpastmistakes.B.Theyrarelyexperiencefeelingsofshame.C.Theyoftenfeelshamewhenhavingfailures.D.Theyhaveagoodtimeenjoyingtheirsuccess.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofperfectionism. B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.C.Theprocessofthestudy. D.Theharmofperfectionism.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Allpsychologistsagreethatperfectionismisbeneficial.B.Psychologistsagreethatperfectionismisalwaysharmful.C.Somepsychologiststhinkthere’saharmlesstypeofperfectionism.D.Thedebateaboutperfectionismcanbecompletelyremoved.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?A.Objective. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Unrealistic.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了完美主義者的表現(xiàn)、完美主義對心理健康的危害，心理學家對此的不同觀點，以及應對完美主義傾向的建議?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.(如果完美主義者經歷失敗，他們也很可能會感到內疚和羞愧，這常常導致他們避免那些他們擔心自己可能會失敗的情況)”可知，完美主義者在失敗時經常會感到羞愧。故選C項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(雖然很多人認為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實際上與較低的心理健康水平有關)”以及后文列舉的完美主義與抑郁、焦慮和飲食失調等的關聯(lián)可知，第二段主要講了完美主義的危害。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.(完美主義總是有害的嗎？心理學家對這一點進行了爭論，一些人認為可能存在適應性完美主義，即人們對自己要求很高，但不會對自己犯的錯誤進行自我批評。一些研究人員認為，更健康的完美主義形式包括追求目標，因為你想要這樣做，如果你沒有達到目標，也不要責怪自己)”可知，一些心理學家認為存在一種更健康的完美主義形式，即追求目標，但如果沒有達到目標，也不責怪自己。由此推知，一些心理學家認為有一種無害的完美主義。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(雖然很多人認為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實際上與較低的心理健康水平有關)”可知，作者指出了完美主義的危害；根據(jù)第三段中“Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginselfcriticismovermistakestheymake.(心理學家們一直在爭論這一點，一些人認為存在適應性完美主義，即人們對自己要求很高，但不會因自己犯的錯誤而進行自我批判)”可知，作者也提到了可能存在無害的完美主義類型；又根據(jù)最后一段中“Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.(然人們有時會猶豫是否要放棄他們的完美主義傾向，但心理學家指出，放棄完美并不意味著不那么成功)”可知，作者指出放棄完美并不意味著不那么成功。作者對完美主義者的介紹整體保持中立立場，沒有帶入個人觀點，由此可推知，作者對完美主義的看法是客觀的。故選A項。DHunter-gathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.Thisrapidlearningisshapedbyauniquesocialenvironmentwhereculturalknowledgeispasseddownnotjustfromparentsbutfromabroadercommunity,accordingtoanewWashingtonStateUniversity-ledstudy.Theresearchhelpsexplainhowmanyculturalfeatureshavebeenpreservedforthousandsofyearsamonghunter-gatherergroupsacrossawiderangeofnaturalenvironmentsinAfrica.“Wefocusonhunter-gatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory,”saidBarryHewlett,aprofessorofanthropologyatWSUandleadauthorofthestudy.“Ourbodiesandmindsareadaptedtothisintimate(親密的),smallgroupliving.Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.”Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(傳遞)inhunter-gatherersocieties.Theiranalysisrevealsthatmembersrelatedtoachild’sextendedfamilyhavelikelyplayedagreaterroleintransmittingknowledgetochildrenthanpreviouslythought.Additionally,thestudyshowsabouthalfoftheculturalknowledgehunter-gathererchildrenandadolescentsacquirecomesfrompeopletheyarenotrelatedto.Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparent-to-childtransmission.Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.Thisallowsthemtolearnessentialskills,includingcaringforinfantsandcookingaswellashuntingandgathering.Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.12.WhatistheaimofProfessorHewlett’sstudy?A.Toadvocatetheintimategroupliving.B.Torevealhowhumansadaptedtodiversity.C.Toshowtheimportanceofparent-childbond.D.Toexplorelivingconditionsofhunter-gatherers.13.Whatdopreviousstudieslayemphasisonaboutchildren’sknowledge?A.Knowledgefromtheirparents. B.Knowledgefromcommunitymembers.C.Knowledgefromhands-onpractice. D.Knowledgefromchildren’sdistantrelatives.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheatmosphereofhunter-gatherersocietycommunities?A.Coldandtense. B.Livelyandenergetic.C.Calmandrelaxed. D.Closeandinteractive.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatshapedhumandiversity? B.Whatledtoculturaltransmission?C.Howhunter-gatherersocietiesdeveloped? D.Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了華盛頓州立大學主導的一項研究，探討狩獵采集社會中兒童的學習方式，以及文化知識的傳遞機制?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Hewlett教授的話“Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.(通過研究這些社會中兒童的學習方式，我們旨在揭示人類適應全球不同環(huán)境的機制)”可知，Hewlett教授的研究目的是揭示人類如何適應全球不同環(huán)境的機制，即人類是如何適應全球不同環(huán)境的。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparenttochildtransmission.(這與之前關于該主題的研究形成對比，之前的研究更強調親子之間的知識傳遞)”可知，以前的研究強調親子之間的知識傳遞，即孩子們從父母那里獲得知識。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.

Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.(在狩獵采集社會中，親密的生活條件使廣泛的非正式學習網絡成為可能。小營地通常由25到35個人組成，他們的住所彼此相距只有幾英尺，這樣的環(huán)境讓孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動)”可知，在狩獵采集社會社區(qū)里，人們距離很近，孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動。由此可知，其氛圍是親密且互動性強的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第一段中“HuntergathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.(剛果盆地的狩獵采集社會的兒童通常在六七歲時就學會了如何狩獵、識別可食用的植物以及照顧嬰兒)”、第二段中“Wefocusonhuntergatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory(我們關注狩獵采集者，因為這種生活方式占據(jù)了人類歷史的99%)”、第三段中“Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(傳遞)inhunter-gatherersocieties.(在這項研究中，Hewlett和同事們研究了狩獵采集社會中九種不同的文化傳播模式)”和最后一段“Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.(展望未來，Hewlett希望這項研究能更深入地了解人類社會學習的本質，以及文化是如何隨著時間的推移而保存和變化的)”可知，狩獵采集社會占據(jù)了人類歷史時長的99%，文章介紹了一項關于狩獵采集社會中兒童的學習方式和文化知識傳遞機制的研究。故D項“Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?(在人類歷史99%的時間里孩子們是如何學習的？)”能概括文章內容，最適合做文章標題。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lifeisbusy.We’realwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged,whetherthat’swithparenting,householdchores,orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.___16___Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.Identifymeaningfulrewards.___17___Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.Thiscouldbeenjoyingacupofyourfavoritecoffee,spendingtimeonahobbyyoulove,ortakingabriefwalkoutdoors.Bychoosingrewardsthatmatchyourpreferences,youcanenhanceyoursatisfactionandmotivationindailylife.___18___MakesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoalsHavingadirectlinkbetweenthegoalortaskandthetreatgivesyoumoresupporttoengageinthebehavioryou’reaimingtoachieve.Thisconnectionhelpsstrengthenpositivehabitsandmotivatesprogress.Practicemoderation(適度).Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.___19___Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.Additionally,rewardsshouldn’tleadtostress,likeoverspendingonthingsthatburdenyourbudget.Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.Takeamomenttoreflectonwhatyou’veachieved.___20___Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.Additionally,considerhowtheserewardscontributetoyourprogressandmotivation,helpingyoustayontracktowardyourgoals.A.Valuelittlemotivationalrewards.B.Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.C.Tierewardstospecificachievements.D.Giveyourselfrewardimmediatelyyoufinishyourwork.E.Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.F.However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.G.Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.【答案】16G17.B18.C19.F20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在忙碌生活中給自己獎勵對改善心理健康很重要，并闡述了有效運用獎勵機制的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.(雖然花時間進行小小獎勵感覺像是一種奢侈，但事實是，這對改善我們的心理健康至關重要)”提出獎勵自己對改善我們的心理健康至關重要，下文“Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.(它涉及策略規(guī)劃。以下是如何在日常生活中有效運用它的方法)”說明給獎勵自己并非隨意為之，G選項“Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.(給自己獎勵不僅僅是隨意享受美食)”承上啟下，說明獎勵自己不能隨意為之，需要策略規(guī)劃，由上文的話題引出下文關于獎勵需要規(guī)劃和有效運用的內容，上下文邏輯連貫。故選G項?！?7題詳解】下文“Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.(這樣你一定要選擇那些真正讓你開心并對你的幸福感有積極貢獻的獎勵)”強調要選擇真正讓你開心并對你的幸福感有積極貢獻的獎勵，B選項“Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.(并非所有的獎勵都是一樣的)”表明獎勵存在差異，與下文強調要選擇真正有益的獎勵構成因果關系。故選B項?！?8題詳解】下文“Makesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoals.(確保你的獎勵取決于完成特定的任務或達到特定的目標)”強調獎勵與特定成就的關聯(lián)，C選項“Tierewardstospecificachievements.(將獎勵與特定的成就聯(lián)系起來)”與下文內容一致，點明了該段落的主旨，適合作段首主題句。故選C項?！?9題詳解】上文“Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.(為你所做的每件事都獎勵自己會很不錯)”和下文“Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.(如果你太頻繁地獎勵自己，它就會變成一種期望而不是一種獎勵)”形成對比，F(xiàn)選項“However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.(然而，偶爾犒勞自己會更有效)”起到轉折作用，引出下文關于過度獎勵的弊端。故選F項?！?0題詳解】段首主題句“Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.(確保你的獎勵是真正有益的)”建議確保獎勵有益，E選項“Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.(并評估你的獎勵是否真的對你有幫助)”與本段主題一致，提出評估獎勵是否有幫助，同時引出下文“Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.(如果有必要，調整你的方法來強化你的目標或任務)”的調整建議，上下文邏輯連貫。故選E項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MyEnglisheducationinschoolwaslimitedtojusttwohoursaweek—hardlyenoughtocoverthebasics.Myfirstconversationwithanativespeaker—aborderofficeratPearsonairport—wasa(n)___21___.Hespokefast,andIstruggledto___22___withhim.IhadtouseGoogleTranslatejusttomakeitthrough.Then,Ifoundworkinafast-foodrestaurant,butmyEnglishwasstillso___23___thatIcouldonlyaskbasicquestions,likehowmanyhoursI’dworkorwhatI’dget___24___.Afteramonth,mybosssuddenlytoldmeIwasnolongerneeded,thenpaidmeforonlyhalfthetimeI’dworked.Ididn’tknowhowto___25___myselfinEnglish.Everything___26___whenmyfriendssuggestedIuseChatGPTforquestionsandtranslations.Iquicklyrealizedthatitofferedmoreaccurate___27___thanGoogle.SoonIwasusingittoadjustmy___28___,pickuprelatedvocabularyandexpressmyideasmore___29___.Ievenlearnedtoformresponsestotrickyquestions.Myvocabulary____30____,andIbecamemorenaturalinEnglish.Ofcourse,ChatGPThaditsshortcomings.Sometimesthesuggestionswerestiff(生硬的)ordidn’t____31____likesomethingIwouldsay,soIediteditsresponsestomakethemsoundmorenaturaltoo.ChatGPThasalsobecomemygo-toforbridgingthe____32____ofculture.Whenafriend’shusbandpassedawayrecently,ChatGPT____33____tellingmyfriendthatIwassorryforherloss.Ithelpedmeunderstandthata(n)____34____remarklikethatwouldbeenough.Mynextbiggoalistoapplyforpermanent(永久的)residencyinCanada,whichmayrequirelearningFrenchtoearnenoughpoints.It’schallengingandalotofhardwork—butIhavea____35____weapon.21.A.association B.decline C.innovation D.disaster22.A.putup B.catchup C.makeup D.breakup23.A.limited B.delicate C.precise D.real24.A.trained B.understood C.paid D.encouraged25.A.reward B.impress C.defend D.prove26.A.changed B.wandered C.combined D.appeared27.A.concepts B.recordings C.answers D.structures28.A.ambition B.character C.clue D.tone29.A.rigidly B.gently C.distantly D.clearly30.A.expanded B.r