PAGEPAGE1題型組合訓(xùn)練四（A）閱讀理解閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2024江西質(zhì)檢)TheUSpresidentDonaldTrumphaspopularizedthephrase“fakenews”.ButnottoolongagothesewordsincombinationwouldhavemeantlittletoeverydayEnglishspeakers.AnatolyLiberman,aGerman,writesabouttheoriginsoftheword“fake”.Theword,itturnsout,hasaverydarkpast.Thebestguessathow“fake”becamethemainstream,arguesLiberman,isthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.But“howitgotthere,nobodyintheworldknows,andprobablynobodywilleverknow,”hetellsQuartz.LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.Hewritesthatearlyrecordsof“fake”asanEnglishadjectiveappearedaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.Thewordlikelycomesfromcant,orthiefjargon(行話).TheOEDmentions“fake”asaverbstartingin1819,whichbasicallymeant“todo”injargon,butalso“tokill,wound,orrob”.Anentryfromadictionarythatyearreads:“Tofakeanypersonorplace,torobthem;tofakeapersonmayalsoimplytoshoot,wound,orcut;tofakeamanoutandout,istokillhim.”LibermantracesthewordnexttoCharlesDickens,whoused“cly-faker”,where“cly”meanspocket,inOliverTwist.Thisishowhebelievestheknowledgeof“fake”asawordthatmeanstosteal,spread.EventuallyitbecameacommonplaceEnglishword.1.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph1probablymeans.

A.lying B.true Cmon D.interesting2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnatolyLiberman?A.Heisskilledinsomeforeignlanguages.B.HeisinterestedinalltheEnglishwords.C.HelivedinEnglandforalongtime.D.HelikeswritingarticlesinEnglishverymuch.3.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A.ThehistoryofEnglishwords.B.SomestoriesaboutEnglishwords.C.TheimportanceoftheEnglishword“fake”.D.TheoriginsofanEnglishword.4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.WemustfocusonthewordsofDonaldTrump.B.WeshouldstudyEnglishwordsverycarefully.C.“Fake”likelycomesfromwordsusedbyaclassofpeople.D.AnatolyLibermanlikestotracethecommonplaceEnglishwords.答案[語篇解讀]美國總統(tǒng)特朗普使得“假新聞”這個詞成為流行詞。文章探討了“fake”這個詞的起源。它曾是倫敦底層社會里小偷之間的行話,意為“做”“殺死”“偷”等。1.A詞義揣測題。美國總統(tǒng)特朗普使得“假新聞”一詞成為流行詞。由此可知,fake的意思應(yīng)為“假的”,故選A項(xiàng)。2.A推理推斷題。由第三段中的“LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.”可知,Liberman是明尼蘇達(dá)高校的教授,也是WordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem一書的作者。且在文中他探究了fake一詞的起源。由此可以推知,他特別擅長外語。故選A項(xiàng)。3.D主旨大意題。由文章其次段中的“AnatolyLiberman,aGerman,writesabouttheoriginsoftheword‘fake’.”和下文的詳細(xì)介紹可知,文章探討了“fake”這個詞的起源,也就是探究一個英語單詞的起源,故選D項(xiàng)。4.C推理推斷題。由其次段中的“Thebestguessathow‘fake’becamethemainstream,arguesLiberman,isthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.”可知,Liberman提出,關(guān)于“fake”一詞如何成為主流詞,最牢靠的揣測應(yīng)當(dāng)是,它曾是倫敦底層社會里小偷之間的行話,也就是社會某一階層的人運(yùn)用的語言,故選C項(xiàng)。B(2024課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.5.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.6.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess答案[語篇解讀]本文介紹了英國節(jié)目主持人SusannaReid創(chuàng)辦的一檔新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood的相關(guān)狀況。5.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知,她創(chuàng)辦了一檔新節(jié)目,故選B項(xiàng)。6.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第一句話(在節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood中,她每周探望一個不同的家庭,并且在廚師MattTebbutt的幫助下在打算每個家庭每天低于5英鎊的食譜時供應(yīng)如何削減食物奢侈的很好的建議)可知,MattTebbutt在做飯方面幫助了Susanna,故選C項(xiàng)。7.C推理推斷題。文章前三段主要介紹了新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood的相關(guān)狀況,而第四段介紹了它和節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodHealth的關(guān)系。由此推斷本段主要補(bǔ)充這一節(jié)目的背景學(xué)問,故選C項(xiàng)。8.D主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章介紹了英國節(jié)目主持人SusannaReid通過創(chuàng)辦新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood教給觀眾如何花更少的錢制作更美味的食物。故選D項(xiàng)。CYou’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.Why?Theanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothetotalbill.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry(仿照)bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker,”wroteRickvanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbecomemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas“Comingup!”Thoseintheotherhallwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtake-homepay.Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat(仿照者)waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cab-drivers,andhairstylists,theyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappeartoaplateau(穩(wěn)定期)whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.“That’salsoapointoftipping,”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecab-driverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthere,you’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”9.Howmanyfactorsaffectthecustomers’tipping?A.6. B.5. C.4. D.3.10.Whatdothestudiesshow?A.Mimicrybringsintoverybadfeelingsforthemimicker.B.Thewaiterwhomimicspeopleusuallygetsfewertipsthattheygive.C.Themimicwaiterscangetmoremoneythanthosewhodon’tmimicothers.D.Tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiters.11.Whatistheopinionoftheauthoraccordingtothepassage?A.Hegiveshisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften.B.HeagreeswithMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping.C.HeobjectstoMr.Green’sideaabouttipping.D.HethinkspartofMr.Green’sexplanationisreasonable.12.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowMuchtoTipB.WhatAreTipsC.WheretoLeaveaBigFatTipD.TippingIsVeryImportant答案[語篇解讀]文章分析了影響服務(wù)生所得小費(fèi)的多少的因素。9.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthat...bytheendofthenight.可知,不僅僅是服務(wù)(notjustaboutservice),服務(wù)生對用詞的選擇(thewaiter’schoiceofwords)、服務(wù)生在顧客用餐時的舉動(howtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders)、賬單的總額(thetotalbill)以及服務(wù)生對顧客的提示(howmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselves)這五個方面影響了獲得小費(fèi)的多少,故選B項(xiàng)。10.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat(仿照者)waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.”可知,探討結(jié)果很明顯,仿照顧客的服務(wù)生所得小費(fèi)是其他服務(wù)生(即不仿照顧客的服務(wù)生)的兩倍。故選C項(xiàng)。11.B推理推斷題。其次段作者提出,許多因素影響了服務(wù)生所得小費(fèi)的多少。下文作者列舉Mr.Green和RickvanBaaren的例子就是為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。由此可以推知,作者是支持這兩個人的觀點(diǎn)的。故選B項(xiàng)。12.A主旨大意題。其次段提出:許多因素影響了服務(wù)生所得小費(fèi)的多少。從第三段起先,作者用RickvanBaaren,LeonardGreen和JoelMyerson的探討證明白其次段提出的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知本文的主題是“該給多少小費(fèi)”,故選A項(xiàng)。DNowpeopleareveryconcernedaboutthefoodproblem.SteveWilsonprefersorganicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.Heiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the30-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,”Wilsonsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農(nóng)藥),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocallygrownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Wilsonisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproducts?MarketresearchshowsthatWilsonandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported(進(jìn)口)tomeetthegrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

13.WhydoesSteveWilsonpreferorga