2025屆福建省龍巖市高三下學期3月教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解TheBestThingstoDoinFourUSStatesin2025IowaTheSurfBallroomisahistory-richvenuethat’splayedhosttomusiclegendslikeBuddyHolly.AllthatheritageiscelebratedannuallywiththeWinterDancePartythatcelebratesthestarsoftheBallroom’sgoldenage.TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.NorthCarolinaDurhamhassomethingextrafor2025.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.It’sthevisionofRhiannonGiddensandwilltakeplaceacrossurbanvenuesincludingthehistoricCarolinaTheatre.TennesseeFewplacesaremoreboundupwithElvisPresleythanMemphis,wheretherockerlivedformostofhisadultlife.Nosurprisethatthecitywillbe“allshookup”withcelebrationsforwhatwouldhavebeenPresley’s90thbirthday.ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.Ifyoucan’tmakeitfortheJanuarycelebrations,theElvis90for90Exhibit,tellingtheKing’sstorythrough90ofhispersonaleffects,willlastallyear.VirginiaBristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”—thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.Rentacartoexploremoreofaheritagetrailthatjoinsupthemuseumsandhistoricvenuestellingthestate’smusicalstory.1．Whicheventistoexplorethelocalmusicaltraditions?A．TheWinterDanceParty. B．TheElvis90for90Exhibit.C．ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestival. D．TheBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestival.2．WhatisspecialaboutBristol?A．Ithousesjazzbands. B．Ithostsmusiclegends.C．It’scountrymusic’sbirthplace. D．Itfeaturessessionsofpopularmusic.3．Whoisthetextmorelikelyintendedfor?A．Music-lovingvisitors. B．Musiccomposers.C．Historymessengers. D．Travelagents.English-languageeditionsoftwoentertainingandinsightfulnovels,CatCountryandMrMaandSon,writtenbyoneofChina’smostaccomplishednovelists,thelateLaoShe,willsoonbeonbookshelvesaroundthecountry.CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.PulitzerPrize-winningjournalistandliterarycriticIanJohnsonsaysinthebook’sintroduction,LaoShestretcheshimselffurtherthanever,producingoneofthemostremarkable,complicatedandinsightfulnovelsofmodernChina.Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.LaoShetaughtChineseattheUniversityofLondon’sSchoolofOrientalStudiesfrom1924to1929,atimewhentheBritishstillviewedChinaandtheChinesewithstrongmixtureofdistrust,dismissiveness,guiltandfearaftertwoopiumwarsandtheBoxerRebellion(1900).ItwastherethathebeganhiscareerasawriterofpatrioticbutcomplexfictionsaboutcontemporaryChina,writesUniversityofLondon’sseniorChineseliteraturelecturerJuliaLovellintheintroductionofMrMaandSon,whocallsit“thefirstChinesenoveltofacedirectlyBritishracismtowardChina”.BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.AstheygoaboutbuildingtheirnewlivesinLondonandstrivingtomaintainasenseofculturalself,theirownrelationshipsaretested.“Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.4．WhatdoesCatCountrystandasinChina’ssciencefiction?A．Apeak. B．Aturningpoint. C．Amiracle. D．Apilot.5．WhatdidLaoShe’sLondonexperiencecontributeto?A．Hiswritingstyle. B．Hiscareerasateacher.C．Hissenseoffamilyunity. D．HisprejudicetotheBritish.6．WhatmessageismainlyconveyedinMr.MaandSonaccordingtothetext?A．Businesschallenges. B．Cross-culturalconflicts.C．Tightbondsinfamily. D．ThebackwardnessofChina.7．InJoLusby’seyes,thetwobooks_______.A．highlightChina’ssocialconflicts B．establishLaoShe’sstatusinliteratureC．deepenLaoShe’sunderstandingofauthoring D．provideanangletolookintoChina’sidentityWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inParagrah1probablymean?A．Worn-outsayings. B．Confirmedprinciples. C．Convincingexamples. D．Commonstatements.9．Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A．Highersuccessrate. B．Norepetitionofmistakes.C．Variednegativeemotions. D．Overoptimismaboutresults.10．Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A．Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B．Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C．Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D．Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．BravingFailuresForSuccess B．TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC．Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated D．SuccessGoesHandInHandWithFailureAsleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.Thequestionswerebasedonastandardizedframeworksocialscientistsusetoassesspeople’sjudgmentsofrightandwrong.Thisframework,calledmoralfoundationstheory,setsupataxonomy(分類學)of“fiveprettyfundamentalvaluesthatshapehumansocialbehavior,”saysleadauthorIanHohm,apsychologygraduatestudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theframeworkconsidersloyalty,authority,andpuritytobe“binding”(有約束力的)valuesthatpromotegroupunityandobservance.Theseprinciples,oftenassociatedwithpoliticalconservatism,consistentlyreceivedweakerrecognitioninsummerandwinter.Andinsummer,themoreextremetheseasonalweatherdifferences,themorepronouncedtheeffect.Careandfairnessareconsidered“individualizing”valuesrelatedtoindividualrights.Theseprinciplesshowednoconsistentseasonalpattern.Oneexplanationforseasonalswingscouldbeanxiety.Usinga90,000-respondentsurveydataset,aswellasdataonInternetsearchfrequencies,theresearchersfoundthatanxietylevelsalsopeakinspringandfall.“Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenanxietyandthreat,”saysUniversityofNottinghampsychologistandstudycoauthorBrianO’Shea.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareathigherriskofseasonalillnessestendtobemoredistrustfulandmorelikelytofollowmajorityopinion.“Whenyou’rethreatened,”O(jiān)’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪審團)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA．Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(邊緣化的)groups.”IanHohmagreesthatsuchapatternwouldn’taffecteveryonethesamewaybutemphasizesthatthestudyhighlightstheseasons’effectonhumanpsychology.12．Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A．Theyexaminedpeople’sdigitalfeedback. B．Theyevaluatednetizens’socialbehavior.C．Theysetupascientificmoralframework. D．Theycategorizeddifferentvaluepatterns.13．Whichbehaviorismostcloselyrelatedtoseasonalanxietypeaks?A．Safeguardingindividualrights. B．Seekingin-groupprotection.C．Beingfaithfultoone’steam. D．Makingreliabledecisions.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromIvoryA．Toldson’swords?A．Thestudyoveremphasizesdatafromthewest. B．Thesurveyshouldcoveralargerrangeofsubjects.C．Humansareseasonalbeingswithvariedbehaviors. D．Ignoringtheresearchofsidelinedgroupsisrisky.15．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thechangesinnatureandhumans. B．Moralvaluesvaryfrompersontoperson.C．Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear. D．Theimpactofseasonsonone’smentalhealth.There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.16.Let’stakealookatsometruthsaboutinnerbeautyvsouterbeauty.●17Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.●Largelyuncontrollableouterbeauty,cultivableinnerbeautyOuterbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.18.Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.19.●Traits(特征)thatpeoplelovemostWhenaskedwhattraitstheymostlookforinacoupleoralifepartner,thevastmajorityofpeoplenamethingsthathaveabsolutelynothingtodowithouterbeauty.Someofthetopresponsesthatmaketheaveragelistarethefollowing:kindness,loyalty,agoodsenseofhumor,trustworthiness,asupportivenature,generosity,integrity,understandingandcompassion.20.Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.A．Greatouterbeauty,strikinginnerbeautyB．However,innerbeautycanbeearnedeffortlesslyC．Subjectiveouterbeauty,universallyvisibleinnerbeautyD．Incontrast,youdon’tneedacenttocultivateinnerbeautyE．Yet,weoftenadorethepeoplemostfortheirpersonalitytraitsF．InnerbeautyandouterbeautyarenotenemiesbutcompanionsG．Evenbetter,theycanbedevelopedbyanyoneinanycircumstances二、完形填空Therecomesatimeforeveryfamilywhenthetablesturnandtheparenthastoanswertothechild.Minecameduringmyfirststayinyearswithourelderson,Nathaniel.Awholeweekunderhisroof!“Dad,don’tleavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingteeth,”he21onourfirstnight.Allright,I22,thisisCalifornia,wheredroughtisaconcern.ButIwasalso23pullingextrapapertowelstowipethekitchencounterandwasinstructedtouseadishcloth,24.More25followed.Nottoleavemywalkingshoessittingout.Don’twearaneckwarmerwhenwalkingthedoginthemorning—itwill26soon.Atfirst,IwonderedhowI’d27suchatyrant(暴君).ThenIrecalledhowoftenI28thegoldenruleofparenting:“Someday,you’llhaveyourown29andcanlivehoweveryouwant.Untilthen,doasweask.”Anunpleasantrequirement,butitdidworkoccasionally.Nowitwasmy30time.Ialsorecalledfeeling31atmyownfather’scommandsgrowingup.Therefore,Ismilingly32Nathaniel’srules.Therewere33tothisroleshift—hecleanedthedishesandsetourdailyoutings,34drivingmeeverywhere.ThisexperiencerevealedanothersideofNathaniel,promisinghisfuture35ability.Mysonalsorisestofatherhood!21．A．warned B．begged C．whispered D．threatened22．A．a(chǎn)nalyzed B．explained C．figured D．promised23．A．sent B．pictured C．kept D．caught24．A．however B．thus C．instead D．indeed25．A．issues B．instructions C．interactions D．challenges26．A．clearup B．warmup C．cooldown D．breakdown27．A．fancied B．encountered C．raised D．a(chǎn)voided28．A．broke B．revised C．a(chǎn)ssessed D．threw29．A．dream B．possession C．home D．confusion30．A．payback B．comeback C．rebirth D．departure31．A．calm B．guilty C．thrilled D．a(chǎn)nnoyed32．A．ignored B．followed C．a(chǎn)djusted D．defended33．A．bonuses B．bonds C．conflicts D．setbacks34．A．bravely B．willingly C．confidently D．smoothly35．A．parenting B．housekeeping C．a(chǎn)dapting D．socializing三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Digitaltechnologiessuchasroboticsandartificialintelligencetookcenterstageasthe2024DesignIntelligenceAward(DIA)wasunveiledlastFridayinHangzhou,Zhejiangprovince.FourierGR-1,36humanoidrobotdevelopedbyShanghai-basedFourier,ultimately37(claim)thehighesthonorattheDIA．Beingoneoftheworld’sfirstmass-producedhumanoidrobots,FourierGR-1isknownforhuman-likefeatures,38(power)by54jointsandbuilt-inemotionalsystems.AccordingtotheDIA,FourierGR-1wontheprizefor“itsintegrationofbionics(仿生學)andhigh-performanceroboticstechnology”,whichhasgivenitahuman-likesenseoflife39itisgiftedwithhugepotential.Thisyear’sDIAreceivedover8,000entriesfrom47countriesandregionsaroundtheworld,with39candidatesmakingintothe40(final),coveringcutting-edgetechnologiesincludingAI,brain-computerinterface,virtualrealityandnewmaterials,saidHanXu,vice-presidentoftheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).“41makestheDIAspecialisthattheentrieshavesmartlycombinedinnovativeideaswithpracticalapplications42(boost)therapiddevelopmentofemergingindustriessuchaslow-altitudeeconomy,digitalculturaltourismandhumanoidmachines,”saidHan.TheDIA,sinceit43(launch)jointlybytheZhejiangprovincialgovernmentandtheCAAin2015,hasgrowntobeoneofthemost44(influence)industrialdesigncompetitionsbothinandoutsideChina.It’sdrivingthereconstructionandupgradingofglobalchains,showingthefar-reachingimpactofdesignintelligence45aglobalscale.四、書信寫作46．假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Jack得知中國優(yōu)化了對部分國家的免簽政策，過境停留時間延長至240小時，計劃來中國旅游，請你給他寫一封電子郵件。內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦旅游城市及相關風物；2.推薦理由。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；2.請按如下格式作答。3.參考詞匯：visa-freepolicyDearJack,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Katie’sdadworksonaferry.AllspringandsummerhebringshomestoriesaboutThePirate,awharf(船塢、碼頭)cat.Throughherdad’stales,Katiehascometorespectthiswildcreaturewhotakesdelightintroublingdogs,killswharfrats,andbattlesaseagulloverpossessionofapilingnearthewharf.Onepleasantfallnight,afteraweekofcoldandrain,Dadbroughtthepoorinjuredcathomeandsaidthatheneededsomecareandawarmplacetorecover.AlthoughMomisn’tfondofpets,shefindssomesoftragstoputaroundhim.Thenextmorning,hewasawakewhenIsteppedintothekitchen.Withoutraisinghishead,hecurleduphislipandhissed(發(fā)出咝咝聲)atme.“Stayawayfromhim,”Momordered.“Apetheisn’t.You’dthinkhe’dbealittlemoreappreciative.”Itookoverpreparinghisfood.Thehissinglessened,buthenevertookhiseyesoffus,andhisexpressioncertainlydidnotsaythankyou.ThenexttimeIfedhim,Ibroughtabook,andafterputtingdownthefood,Isatonthefarsideoftheporchandstartedreading.Thatcatglaredatme,butIignoredhim.Afteralmosthalfanhour,hebegantoslipout.Ikeptreading,andsoonIcouldhearhimeatingthefish.Thenextday,ittooktenminutesforhimtocomeout,andthedayafterthat,onlythreeminutes.Ialsobeganmovingthebowlalittleclosereachday.TheMondaybeforeThanksgiving,Itriedputtingthebowlinmylap.Hecameandstoodinfrontofmebutwouldnotcomeanyfarther.Finallyheletoutayowl.OnTuesday,Iputapieceoffishinmyhandandhelditouttohim.Ittooktime,buthefinallywolfeditdown.OnWednesday,whenhetookthelastbitefrommyhand,Imovedmyfingerslightlyunderhischin.Heshrankbackbutdidn’trunaway.OnThanksgiving,heactuallyletmepethim.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OnDad’snexteveningoff,weputThePirateinaboxanddrovedowntothewharf._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《2025屆福建省龍巖市高三下學期3月教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題》參考答案題號12345678910答案CCADABDDDB題號11121314151617181920答案CABBCECDGF題號21222324252627282930答案ACDCBBCDCA題號3132333435答案DBABA1．C2．C3．A【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了2025年在美國四個州即將舉行的與音樂相關的最佳活動，包括各個活動的特色、地點以及部分活動的歷史背景。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產(chǎn)，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍調(diào)以及藍草音樂。)”可知，ThenewBiscuits&Banjos音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)包括爵士樂、藍調(diào)以及藍草音樂在內(nèi)的音樂傳統(tǒng)。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Bristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”——thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.(Bristol曾舉辦過“Bristol錄音會”——這些錄音會常被稱為鄉(xiāng)村音樂的“大爆炸”。)”可知，Bristol是鄉(xiāng)村音樂的重要起源地。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.(今年7月即將開放的一個全新的音樂拓展與沉浸式體驗中心，將深入探究這段音樂歷史。)”、第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產(chǎn)，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍調(diào)以及藍草音樂。)”、第三段“ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.(慶祝活動將于1月以現(xiàn)場音樂表演和主題游覽拉開帷幕。)”以及最后一段“TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.(如今，備受歡迎的Bristol節(jié)奏與根源重聚音樂節(jié)吸引了來自世界各地的美國本土音樂愛好者。)”可知，文章主要介紹了2025年美國四個州的與音樂相關的活動和景點，包括沖浪舞廳的活動、新的音樂節(jié)、貓王誕辰90周年慶祝活動以及與鄉(xiāng)村音樂起源相關的活動等。這些活動和景點對于熱愛音樂的游客來說具有吸引力，他們可能會對這些音樂相關的內(nèi)容感興趣并前往這些地方參觀游覽，所以該文本很可能是為他們準備的。故選A。4．D5．A6．B7．D【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了中國著名作家老舍的兩部小說《貓城記》和《二馬》的英文版即將在全國書店上架，并通過引用多位評論家的觀點以及書籍內(nèi)容概述，對這兩部作品進行了深入的介紹和評價。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.(《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領域的首次嘗試，講述的是一位來自中國的太空旅行者迫降在一個外星星球上的故事。在這個星球上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個完全由貓人居住的國家。)”可知，《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領域的首次嘗試，這里的“firstventure”表明它是中國科幻領域的先驅(qū)、開端，與選項D“pilot（試點，先驅(qū)）”意思相符。故選D。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.(人們認為，書中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法受到了這位已故作家早年在倫敦經(jīng)歷的影響。)”可知，老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷對他作品中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法產(chǎn)生了影響，即影響了他的寫作風格。故選A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.(以老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷為基礎，這部小說展現(xiàn)了馬家父子搬到倫敦經(jīng)營一家古玩店后，努力應對20世紀20年代英國社會根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程。)”可知，《二馬》這部小說以老舍在倫敦的經(jīng)歷為基礎，展示了馬家父子搬到倫敦后，努力應對20世紀20年代英國社會根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程，這體現(xiàn)了跨文化沖突。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.(企鵝中國的董事總經(jīng)理JoLusby表示：“我們認為，這兩本書讓人們得以深入了解老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式。他通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。這些文字在今天和20世紀30年代首次創(chuàng)作時一樣具有現(xiàn)實意義?！?”可知，JoLusby認為這兩本書通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，為探究老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式提供了一個有趣的視角，同時也探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。也就是說這兩本書提供了一個看待中國身份的角度。故選D。8．D9．D10．B11．C【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章對“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點提出了質(zhì)疑，并論述了人們往往不能從失敗中學習，以及這種錯誤觀念可能導致的現(xiàn)實后果。8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.(但研究人員在一份新報告中指出，有確鑿證據(jù)表明，這樣的觀念是錯誤的，并且可能在現(xiàn)實世界中導致嚴重的后果。)”可推測，劃線單詞的意思和“常見的、被廣泛提及的”相似。選項D“Commonstatements.”，意為“常見的陳述”，與此相符。故選D。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.(一系列由1800多名參與者參與的11項實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們通常不會從失敗中獲得智慧，而且指望他們這樣做可能會產(chǎn)生潛在的嚴重后果：人們大大高估了那些之前考試未通過的準護士、律師和教師在再次參加職業(yè)資格考試時的通過率。護士往往會高估同事從過去的錯誤中所能學到的東西。人們以為心臟病患者會接受更健康的生活方式，但實際上很多人并沒有。)”以及第五段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”(Eskreis-Winkler說：“人們期望失敗后能成功的頻率，遠遠高于實際情況。人們通常認為過去的行為可以預測未來的行為，所以令人驚訝的是，當涉及到失敗后能否成功時，我們常常持有相反的觀點。”)”可知，人們往往認為失敗后會成功，但實際并非如此，這種想法會導致人們高估失敗后成功的概率，對結果過于樂觀。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.(研究人員表示，告訴人們失敗后會成功也許能減輕失敗帶來的痛苦，但這種思維方式并不會自然而然地讓人們吸取教訓。另一方面，當人們了解到失敗實際上很少能帶來好結果的更多信息時，他們可以調(diào)整對他人的期望。)”可知，人們常常高估失敗后會成功的情況，實際上很多人不會從失敗中學習，當人們了解到失敗很少能帶來好結果的更多信息時，應該調(diào)整對他人的期望。選項B“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.(降低對戒煙失敗的吸煙者的期望)”符合文章中提到的糾正對失敗的錯誤認知，作者可能會認可。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”(該研究的首席研究員LaurenEskreis-Winkler是西北大學管理與組織學助理教授，她在一份新聞稿中表示：“人們常常把‘是什么’和‘應該是什么’混為一談。人們應該留意并從失敗中吸取教訓，但他們往往做不到，因為失敗會讓人失去動力，還會威脅到自尊心?！?”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇以溫斯頓?丘吉爾的話引出關于“失敗導致成功”這一觀點，接著指出有證據(jù)表明這種觀念是錯誤的。隨后通過一系列實驗說明人們通常不會從失敗中獲得智慧，且往往高估失敗后成功的可能性，還提到糾正對失敗的錯誤認知的意義。選項C“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated(失敗的益處可能被高估了)”準確地概括了文章主旨，即人們認為失敗能帶來成功等益處這種想法是錯誤的，失敗的益處被高估了。故選C。12．A13．B14．B15．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項研究，闡述了季節(jié)變化對人類道德價值觀的影響，并分析了可能的原因，同時指出了研究的意義和局限性。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesu