無錫市2024年秋學(xué)期高二期終教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研測試英語注意事項及說明：1.試卷共150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答案一律寫在答題卡上。考試結(jié)束時，上交答題卡。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inacafé.B.Inamuseum.C.Inthegym.2.Whatisthewomangoodat?A.Sellingbooks.B.Tellingstories.C.Drawingpictures.3.Whatdidthewomandislikeaboutthemovie?A.Themusic.B.Theactors.C.Theplot.4.Whenwillthetwospeakersmeettonight?A.At7:00p.m.B.At7:30p.m.C.At8:00p.m.5.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Toofferaninvitation.B.Toexpressherregret.C.Toputoffaclass.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatmusicalinstrumentcanEinsteinplay?A.Theviolin.B.Theguitar.C.Thepiano.7.Howdosomescientistsrelaxthemselveswhentheyfeelstressed?A.Bydoingresearchwork.B.Byhavingagoodsleep.C.Byturningtosportsormusic.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.9.Whoisgoingtosweepthefloor?A.Dad.B.Tom.C.Therobotcleaner.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.HowoftendoesSusangoswimming?A.Everyday.B.Onceaweek.C.Twiceaweek.11.WhatexercisedoesSusanlikebest?A.Running.B.Cycling.C.Swimming.12.Wherewilltheymeettonight?A.Attheschoolgate.B.Atthegymgate.C.Attheparkgate.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhyisDorothygoingtoEurope?A.Toattendtraining.B.Toconductresearch.C.Totakeavacation.14.HowlongwillDorothystayinEurope?A.Afewdays.B.Twoweeks.C.Threemonths.15.WhatdoesDorothythinkofherapartment?A.Expensive.B.Satisfying.C.Inconvenient.16.WhatwillJimprobablydo?A.Renttheapartment.B.Buytheapartment.C.Decoratetheapartment.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anewsannouncer.B.Atourguide.C.Afactoryworker.18.Wherecanpeoplebuyaguidebookinthemuseum?A.Initsworkshop.B.Initsgiftshop.C.Initscarpark.19.Whatisusedasacafénow?A.Theengineroom.B.Thegarden.C.Thestonebuilding.20.Whatisthespeakerintroducing?A.Ariver.B.Amuseum.C.Acarpark.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWenchang,Hainanprovince,isfamousforitsrichcultureanduniquetropicalislandscenery.Aseriesofspacecraftlauncheshavemadethecoastalcityahitamongtouristsoverthepastfiveyears.Itwillsoonbeinthespotlight(聚光燈)againafterthescheduleforanewmissionwasofficiallyreleased,surelyexcitingnewsforspacefansoneandall.BelowaresometipsforspacefanseagertotourtheWenchangregion.TransportationVisitorsfromoutsideHainancanarriveatHaikouMeilanInternationalAirport,oratSanyaPhoenixInternationalAirportatthesoutherntipofHainanisland,andthentransfer(轉(zhuǎn)乘)toWenchangviaahighspeedlooprailway,theonlyonethatcirclesatropicalislandintheworld.IttakesbullettrainsleavingMeilan,Haikouonly17minutestoreachWenchangstationwhileabullettrainfromSanyaPhoenixtakesjustoveronehour.Localtravelagenciesoperatetourismroutesthattakevisitorstoofficiallyappointedviewingpointsandothernaturalandculturalattractions.Visitorsalsohavetheoptiontoturntoappplatformstorentvehiclestodrivetothespacelaunchsiteandothertouristdestinationsonthetropicalisland.BestlaunchviewsTherearenumeroussitesandmeanstowatchspacelaunchesinWenchang—onitsbeautifulsprawlingbeaches,inpaddyfields,onroofsofhomestaysorjustinsideroomsofseasidehotels.However,frequentvisitorssaythatsitesaroundQishuiBay,whichisthreekilometersfromthelaunchcenter,areknownforofferingthemostimpressiveviews.1.Whyisthehighspeedlooprailwaymentionedinparagraph2?A.ToprovethepopularityofthecityofWenchang.B.TostressthehistoryofWenchang’stransportation.C.Togivethereasonfortheincreasingnumberoftourists.D.ToshowtheuniquenessofHainan’stransportationsystem.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutQishuiBay?A.ItisanewtouristattractioninWenchang.B.Itistheclosestplacetothelaunchcenter.C.Itoffersthebetterlaunchviewsthanotherplaces.DItbeesthemostpopulartouristdestinationinWenchang.3.Whomightbemostinterestedinthetext?A.Spacefans. B.Adventurelovers. C.Newsreporters. D.Travelagents.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，介紹了文昌因航天發(fā)射而吸引游客，還為想去文昌旅游的太空愛好者提供了一些旅游小貼士，包括交通和最佳觀看發(fā)射地點等。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“VisitorsfromoutsideHainancanarriveatHaikouMeilanInternationalAirport,oratSanyaPhoenixInternationalAirportatthesoutherntipofHainanisland,andthentransfertoWenchangviaahighspeedlooprailway,theonlyonethatcirclesatropicalislandintheworld.(來自海南以外的游客可以到達(dá)?？诿捞m國際機場，或海南島最南端的三亞鳳凰國際機場，然后通過高速環(huán)島鐵路轉(zhuǎn)乘到文昌，這是世界上唯一一條環(huán)繞熱帶島嶼的高速鐵路。)”可知，第二段提到高速環(huán)島鐵路是為了展示海南交通系統(tǒng)的獨特性，它是世界上唯一一條環(huán)繞熱帶島嶼的高速鐵路。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,frequentvisitorssaythatsitesaroundQishuiBay,whichisthreekilometersfromthelaunchcenter,areknownforofferingthemostimpressiveviews.(然而，經(jīng)常來訪的游客說，距離發(fā)射中心3公里的淇水灣周圍的景點以提供最令人印象深刻的景色而聞名。)”可知，從文中可以推斷出關(guān)于淇水灣的是它比其他地方提供了更好的發(fā)射景觀。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwillsoonbeinthespotlightagainafterthescheduleforanewmissionwasofficiallyreleased,surelyexcitingnewsforspacefansoneandall.BelowaresometipsforspacefanseagertotourtheWenchangregion.(在新的任務(wù)時間表正式發(fā)布后，它將再次成為焦點，這對所有太空迷來說無疑是個令人興奮的消息。以下是一些渴望游覽文昌地區(qū)的太空迷的一些建議。)”可知，文章主要是給太空迷一些游覽文昌地區(qū)的建議，所以太空迷可能對這篇文章最感興趣。故選A項。BShanghai’s11yearoldsailor,YangJixin,hasmadeanotableentryinthesailingrecordsbypletingthe2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace,navigating(橫渡)66nauticalmiles,around77milesintheocean.Yangalsosetanewbenchmark(基準(zhǔn))bybeingtheyoungestChineseyouthtopletesuchalongvoyage.Therace,whichstartedonAug.10fromtheRizhaoWorldSailingBaseandendedattheBeijingOlympicSailingTrainingBaseinQingdaoonAug.13,presentedaseriesofchallengesoveritsfourdaysailing.Yang,theyoungestnationalrecordholderforkayaking(皮艇運動)acrosstheQiongzhouStrait,demonstratedhertoughnessandsailingacumen(敏銳)amongthehotandwetweather,periodsofcalm,headwinds,andtheplexinterference(干擾)ofwaves.Theorganizerstookcarefulstepstoensurethesafetyofsailors,carryingoutmeasuressuchasmaritimerescue,medicalsupport,andnavigationmonitoringthroughouttheevent.UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess.DaigreetedYangwithacongratulatorysmileandrangthebellinherhonor,atraditionalmarkofasuccessfulsailingjourney.HisactionsreflectedtheencouragementandsupportfortheupandinggenerationofsailorsthatYangrepresents.Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYangJixin?A.Determinedandskilled. B.Generousandconfident.C.Helpfulandsuccessful. D.Adventurousandhonest.5.WhyweresomefamousfigurespresentwhenYangreachedtheSilverSeaYachtMarina?A.Tofollowherexample. B.Tocelebrateherachievement.C.Tofacechallengeswithher. D.Toofferherfurtherguidance.6.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Yang’ssuggestions. B.Yang’spotential.C.Yang’sambitions. D.Yang’sinfluences.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.The2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace B.AYoungSailor’sInspiringAdventureC.11yearoldSailorBravingtheSea D.SailingChallengesTestingCourage【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了11歲的上海帆船運動員楊霽欣完成了2024日照青島跳島賽，創(chuàng)造了新的記錄，她的成就不僅是個人的成功，還激勵著年輕帆船運動員，對帆船運動的未來發(fā)展有著積極意義。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Yang,theyoungestnationalrecordholderforkayaking(皮艇運動)acrosstheQiongzhouStrait,demonstratedhertoughnessandsailingacumen(敏銳)amongthehotandwetweather,periodsofcalm,headwinds,andtheplexinterference(干擾)ofwaves.(楊是穿越瓊州海峽皮劃艇項目最年輕的全國紀(jì)錄保持者，在炎熱潮濕的天氣、平靜期、逆風(fēng)以及復(fù)雜的海浪干擾中展示了她的堅韌和航海敏銳性)”可知，楊霽欣在航海過程中面對諸多困難，展現(xiàn)出堅韌不拔的毅力和嫻熟的航海技能，可推斷出她是堅定且有技能的，故選A項。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess.(當(dāng)她到達(dá)青島銀海游艇碼頭時，受到了帆船界幾位人士的歡迎，包括中國奧委會前委員、中國帆船帆板運動協(xié)會副主席、國家帆船學(xué)校校長戴志強等。他們的出現(xiàn)是對她成功的認(rèn)可)”可知，一些著名人物出現(xiàn)在楊霽欣到達(dá)的銀海游艇碼頭是為了慶祝她的成就，故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.(楊的成就不僅僅是個人的成功。這對年輕的帆船運動員來說是一種激勵，也凸顯了帆船運動未來發(fā)展的潛力。通過創(chuàng)造中國最年輕青少年長途帆船航海的新紀(jì)錄，她為其他人開辟了道路，表明年齡不是雄心和技能的障礙。她的航海之旅無疑將鼓勵其他人規(guī)劃自己的航線，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑戰(zhàn))”可知楊霽欣的成就將鼓勵其他人規(guī)劃自己的航線，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑戰(zhàn)，可推理出該段主要講述了楊霽欣的成就所帶來的影響，故選D項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Shanghai’s11yearoldsailor,YangJixin,hasmadeanotableentryinthesailingrecordsbypletingthe2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace,navigating(橫渡)66nauticalmiles,around77milesintheocean.Yangalsosetanewbenchmark(基準(zhǔn))bybeingtheyoungestChineseyouthtopletesuchalongvoyage(上海11歲小水手楊霽歆在航海史上寫下濃墨重彩的一筆，她完成了2024年日照到青島的海島跳島賽，航行了66海里，大約海上77英里。楊霽歆還創(chuàng)造了新的紀(jì)錄，成為完成如此長航程最年輕的中國青年)”、第四段“UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess(當(dāng)她抵達(dá)青島的銀色海洋游艇碼頭時，楊受到了來自航海界的幾位知名人士的歡迎，包括戴志強——他曾是中國奧委會的成員、中國帆協(xié)副主席以及國家帆船學(xué)校的校長。他們的到來體現(xiàn)了對她這一成就的認(rèn)可)”以及最后一段“Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.(楊的成就不僅僅是個人的成功。這對年輕的帆船運動員來說是一種激勵，也凸顯了帆船運動未來發(fā)展的潛力。通過創(chuàng)造中國最年輕青少年長途帆船航海的新紀(jì)錄，她為其他人開辟了道路，表明年齡不是雄心和技能的障礙。她的航海之旅無疑將鼓勵其他人規(guī)劃自己的航線，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，文章主要講述了11歲的楊霽欣完成了2024日照青島跳島賽，創(chuàng)造了新的記錄并產(chǎn)生積極影響，這是一次鼓舞人心的冒險經(jīng)歷，B項“AYoungSailor’sInspiringAdventure(一位年輕帆船運動員鼓舞人心的冒險)”能夠概括文章主旨，故選B項。CNewstudentsatEton,startingtheschoolyearinSeptember,arenotallowedtotakesmartphoneswiththem.Instead,theywilleachbegivena“dumb”NokiaphonethatisunabletoaccesstheInternetandonlyallowscallsandtexts.StudentsmightblamethepsychologistJonathanHaidt,whopopularisedtheideathatsmartphonesareresponsibleforrisingratesofmentalhealthproblemsamongyoungpeople.Teachersatnearlytwothirdsofsecondaryschoolsnowsaytheyhaverulesthatpreventstudentsfromusingtheirphonesduringtheday.Butistherereallyanythingwrongwithspendingabitoftimewatchingvideosonsocialmedia?Ortakingyourphoneoutwhileyou’reinthesupermarketqueuetoseefunnynews?Wemightneedmeaningandpurposeandpsychologicalrichnessinourlives,butsurelyweneedabitofpleasuretoo.AstudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnefoundthatspending20minutesonsocialmediaorwatchingvideosonYouTubenotonlycontributedtononegativestressresponse,butwasassociatedwithadecreaseinbothheartrateandcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇).Whatwegetwrongisthinkingthatwearerelaxingjustbecausescrolling(瀏覽)mindlesslythroughsocialmediaisunproductiveandfeelslike“timeout”.Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweendoingthingslikebeingwithourlovedones,spendingtimeinnature,orreadingagreatbookandemotionalnumbing(麻木).AsthepsychiatristAnnaLembkearguesinherbookDopamineNation,byendlesslyseekingpleasureandstimulationfromoursmartphone—whichshedescribesasthe“moderndayhypodermic(皮下注射)needle”—webeeaddictedtosuchstimulation,andfindithardertofindjoyinotherlessimmediatethings.Butalso,byneverputtingourphonesdownandnevergivingourselvesabreakfromendlessstimulation,wearenotabletogointothekindofquietbrainstatethatallowsmindwandering,creativityanddeepreflection.Asweallknow,ifyouarenotpayingforit,thenyouaretheproduct,andbusinessmeninthemarketplaceofattentionareconstantlyadjustingthewaysinwhichtheyoccupyourbrainspace.Wemustlearntogetmorecreativeandintentionalaboutthewayswechoosetorelaxourselvesandperhaps,even,toenjoysomegoodoldfashionedboredom.8.WhyistheschoolEtonmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toraiseadoubt. B.Toexplainaphenomenon.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Tolaunchacampaign.9.WhatdoesthestudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnesuggest?A.Constantuseofsocialmediaisbeneficialtohealth.B.Properuseofsocialmediacanreducestress.C.WatchingYouTubevideosincreasesheartrate.D.Spendingtimeonsocialmediahaslittleeffectonpeople.10.WhydoesAnnaLembkedescribethesmartphoneasthe“moderndayhypodermicneedle”?A.Becausesmartphonescanbringnewenergy.B.Becausepeoplerelytoomuchonsmartphones.C.Becausesmartphonesmightrelievepainquickly.D.Becausepeoplewillgetmedicalhelpfromsmartphones.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Weshouldpayforusingsmartphones. B.Businessmenoftencontrolourthinking.C.Boredomisunacceptableinmodernlife. D.Weshouldchooseourrelaxingwayswisely.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章首先提及伊頓學(xué)校禁止新生帶智能入學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)而提供“啞”諾基亞，接著討論了智能對年輕人心理健康的影響，指出過度使用智能可能導(dǎo)致的成癮問題，以及持續(xù)刺激對大腦創(chuàng)造力的負(fù)面影響。最后，文章強調(diào)了學(xué)會明智選擇放松方式的重要性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“NewstudentsatEton,startingtheschoolyearinSeptember,arenotallowedtotakesmartphoneswiththem.Instead,theywilleachbegivena“dumb”NokiaphonethatisunabletoaccesstheInternetandonlyallowscallsandtexts.(伊頓公學(xué)9月份開學(xué)的新生是不允許隨身攜帶智能的。取而代之的是，他們每人將得到一部不能上網(wǎng)，只能打和發(fā)短信的“啞巴”諾基亞)”可知，第一段提到了伊頓公學(xué)是為了引入一個話題。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AstudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnefoundthatspending20minutesonsocialmediaorwatchingvideosonYouTubenotonlycontributedtononegativestressresponse,butwasassociatedwithadecreaseinbothheartrateandcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇).(今年4月發(fā)表在PLoSOne上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花20分鐘在社交媒體上或在YouTube上看視頻不僅不會產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的壓力反應(yīng)，而且還能降低心率和皮質(zhì)醇)”可知，4月份發(fā)表在PLoSOne上的這項研究表明正確使用社交媒體可以減輕壓力。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AsthepsychiatristAnnaLembkearguesinherbookDopamineNation,byendlesslyseekingpleasureandstimulationfromoursmartphone—whichshedescribesasthe“moderndayhypodermic(皮下注射)needle”—webeeaddictedtosuchstimulation,andfindithardertofindjoyinotherlessimmediatethings.(正如精神病學(xué)家安娜·萊姆克在她的書《多巴胺國度》中所說，通過不斷地從我們的智能中尋求快樂和刺激——她將其描述為“現(xiàn)代的皮下注射針”——我們對這種刺激上癮，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在其他不那么直接的事情中找到快樂)”可知，AnnaLembke將智能描述為“現(xiàn)代的皮下注射針”是因為人們太依賴智能了。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asweallknow,ifyouarenotpayingforit,thenyouaretheproduct,andbusinessmeninthemarketplaceofattentionareconstantlyadjustingthewaysinwhichtheyoccupyourbrainspace.Wemustlearntogetmorecreativeandintentionalaboutthewayswechoosetorelaxourselvesandperhaps,even,toenjoysomegoodoldfashionedboredom.(我們都知道，如果你不付錢，那么你就是產(chǎn)品，注意力市場上的商人們不斷調(diào)整他們占據(jù)我們大腦空間的方式。我們必須學(xué)會在選擇放松自己的方式時更有創(chuàng)意，更有意識，甚至可以享受一些老式的無聊)”可知，我們應(yīng)該明智地選擇放松的方式。故選D。DWhetheryoushopforfoodinatraditionalgrocerystoreorabigboxstore,mostofyouroptionsarejunkfoods.Termsonfoodpackaginglike“l(fā)owfat,”“glutenfree,”“ketofriendly”and“agoodsourceoffiber”don’tanswerthefundamentalquestion:Isthisfoodgoodforme?Thereislittlereliableguidanceavailableforpeoplewhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(標(biāo)簽).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大膽的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahighsugarsodaorbreakfastcerealproduct,forexample,isanunhealthychoice.Chile,Mexico,Brazilanddozensofothercountrieshaveworkedtochangefoodlabeling.Researchhassuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnutritionalqualityandchangetheirpurchasinghabits.Finally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofoverprocessedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsumptionofdrinkshighinsugarandsodiumdeclinedbynearly25percent.InUruguayasurveypublishedin2020assessingtheearlyeffectsofnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticedthewarningchangedtheirdecisionsaboutbuyingaproduct.Ofthosewhochangedtheirdecisions,17percentsaidtheychoseasimilarproductwithfewerwarnings,and18percentdecidednottobuyasimilarproductatall.IntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakeeffect.Asyoumightexpect,foodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguingthattheseplanswouldbecostlyandthatthosecostswouldbepassedontoconsumers.ButresearchconductedsoonafterChile’sfoodlabelingandadvertisinglawpassedshowednoeffectsontotalemploymentandnegligibleeffectsonwages(工資)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined.Tobeclear,thisisjustoneofmanystepstowardprovidingallAmericanswithahealthydiet.Butknowablefrontofpackagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠桿)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyworkingelsewhere.Itcanworkhere,too.12.Whatdoesparagraph1focuson?A.Thedoubtaboutnutrition. B.Theproblemwithlabels.C.Thedoubtaboutpackage. D.Theproblemwithfood.13.WhatdotheexamplesofChileandUruguayshow?A.Warninglabelscaneffectivelychangepeople’sbuyingbehavior.B.Peopleinthetwocountrieshavebetternutritionawareness.C.Foodproducersthereworkwellwiththegovernment.D.Theconsumptionofoverprocessedfoodshasbeenstopped.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”meaninparagraph5?A.Obvious. B.Lasting. C.Insignificant. D.Huge.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsadoptingwarninglabelsintheUnitedStates?A.Unclear. B.Opposing. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章指出消費者當(dāng)下購買的食物多為垃圾食品，包裝標(biāo)簽難以幫助他們判斷食物好壞，智利等多國改變食品標(biāo)簽且取得成效，美國實施新標(biāo)簽法遇阻，但有研究表明其負(fù)面影響小，應(yīng)該推行這種措施?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whetheryoushopforfoodinatraditionalgrocerystoreorabigboxstore,mostofyouroptionsarejunkfoods.Termsonfoodpackaginglike“l(fā)owfat,”“glutenfree,”“ketofriendly”and“agoodsourceoffiber”don’tanswerthefundamentalquestion:Isthisfoodgoodforme?Thereislittlereliableguidanceavailableforpeoplewhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(標(biāo)簽).(無論你是在傳統(tǒng)的雜貨店還是大型商店購買食品，你選擇的大部分都是垃圾食品。食品包裝上的“低脂肪”、“無麩質(zhì)”、“適合生酮飲食”和“富含纖維”等字眼并沒有回答一個基本問題：這種食物對我有好處嗎？對于那些沒有時間、耐心或技能來分析營養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的人來說，幾乎沒有可靠的指導(dǎo)。)”可知，本段指出食品標(biāo)簽不能有效幫助消費者判斷食物是否有益這一問題，強調(diào)的是食品標(biāo)簽存在的問題。故選B項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsumptionofdrinkshighinsugarandsodiumdeclinedbynearly25percent.InUruguayasurveypublishedin2020assessingtheearlyeffectsofnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticedthewarningchangedtheirdecisionsaboutbuyingaproduct.Ofthosewhochangedtheirdecisions,17percentsaidtheychoseasimilarproductwithfewerwarnings,and18percentdecidednottobuyasimilarproductatall.(智利在2016年通過了幾項規(guī)定后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，高糖和高鈉飲料的消費量下降了近25%。在烏拉圭，2020年發(fā)布的一項評估營養(yǎng)警告早期影響的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，58%注意到警告的參與者改變了購買產(chǎn)品的決定。在那些改變了決定的人中，17%的人說他們選擇了警告更少的類似產(chǎn)品，18%的人決定根本不買類似的產(chǎn)品。)”可推知，這些具體的數(shù)據(jù)和例子表明，食品上的警告標(biāo)簽?zāi)軌蚯袑嵱行У赜绊懭藗冊谫徫飼r的選擇，從而改變他們的購買行為。故選A項?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Theyarearguingthattheseplanswouldbecostlyandthatthosecostswouldbepassedontoconsumers.ButresearchconductedsoonafterChile’sfoodlabelingandadvertisinglawpassedshowednoeffectsontotalemployment(他們認(rèn)為，這些計劃成本高昂，而且這些成本將轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費者。但在智利食品標(biāo)簽和廣告法通過后不久進(jìn)行的研究顯示，對總就業(yè)沒有影響)”和下文“evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined(盡管消費者對不健康食品的消費有所下降)”可知，這里有轉(zhuǎn)折，雖然食品生產(chǎn)商反對警告標(biāo)簽，認(rèn)為這成本高且成本會轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費者，但實際上影響不大，對工資和利潤影響應(yīng)該是“微不足道的，不值一提的”，畫線詞意思與insignificant“微不足道的，不顯著的”接近。故選C項。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。作者在文中列舉了其他國家實施食品警告標(biāo)簽取得的積極效果，并在最后一段中“Butknowablefrontofpackagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠桿)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyworkingelsewhere.Itcanworkhere,too.(但是，包裝正面可見的標(biāo)簽是政策制定者可用的最佳杠桿之一，而且它已經(jīng)在其他地方發(fā)揮作用。這在這里也行得通。)”指出這一舉措在美國應(yīng)該也是可行的。由此可知，作者對在美國采用警告標(biāo)簽持支持態(tài)度。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenitestotravellingabroad,manypeoplechooseagrouptourtogetthemostoutoftheirholiday.____16____Thankfully,travelexpertDilvinYasahassharedtipsforthat.Budgetaccordingly.Whenplanningyourgrouptour,budgetingisanimportantfactor,asthesetripsarerarelyallinclusive(包含一切的).____17____Extracostsonagrouptourcouldincludemeals,attractionsandadditionalactivities,sopleasefactorpotentialcostsin.____18____Yasaadvisedagainstskippingbetweendifferentdestinations,asstricttimelimitscouldpreventyoufromparticipatinginbacktobacktours.“Ifthedistancesortimebetweendestinationsarenotlisted,turntoGoogleMapstoknowhowlongyou’reexpectedtobeontheroad.”Don’tarriveatthelastminute.Ifyou’reinagrouptour,don’tleavehomeuntilthedaywhenthetoursetsoff.“Theworstismissingaconnectingflightorexperiencingdelays.____19____”Yasasaid.“Remembertoarrivethedaybeforeattheverylatestandgiveyourselfalittleextrafreetimeatthetailend.”Keepsomecashonhand.Whilemostofyourtourshouldalreadybepaidforbeforeyoustart,youshouldalwayspreparesomecash.Especiallywhentravellingtomoreremotelocations,orvisitingsmallerfoodstandsormarkets,youshouldn’tassumeeverywherewilltakecardpayments.Yasasaid,“____20____”A.Knowyourgeography.B.Trytoattendeverytrip.C.It’sagoodchoicetoexchangegoods.D.It’sbettertohavesomecashonyouatalltimes.E.Youmaymissthefirstortwoofthetouryou’vepaidfor.F.Addupalltheextracostsuntilyouarriveatyourrealfigure.G.However,therearealwaysthingstohandlebeforebookingyourtrip.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在預(yù)定出國跟團游之前應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備的一些事務(wù)?！?6題詳解】前文“Whenitestotravellingabroad,manypeoplechooseagrouptourtogetthemostoutoftheirholiday.(說到出國旅游，許多人選擇跟團旅游來最大限度地利用他們的假期)”提到出國旅游時很多人選擇跟團旅游，表明這樣有充分利用假期的好處，后文“Thankfully,travelexpertDilvinYasahassharedtipsforthat.(值得慶幸的是，旅游專家DilvinYasa分享了這方面的建議)”提到一名旅游專家分享了建議，空處應(yīng)該與跟團旅游存在的問題相關(guān)，因此G項“However,therearealwaysthingstohandlebeforebookingyourtrip.(然而，在預(yù)訂旅行之前，總有一些事情需要處理)”符合語境，指出預(yù)訂旅行前也有事務(wù)需處理，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文的建議。故選G?！?7題詳解】前文“Whenplanningyourgrouptour,budgetingisanimportantfactor,asthesetripsarerarelyallinclusive(包含一切的).(當(dāng)計劃你的團體旅游時，預(yù)算是一個重要因素，因為這些旅行很少是全包的)”指出計劃團體旅游需考慮預(yù)算，后文“Extracostsonagrouptourcouldincludemeals,attractionsandadditionalactivities,sopleasefactorpotentialcostsin.(團體旅游的額外費用可能包括餐飲、景點和額外的活動，所以請考慮潛在的費用)”說明額外費用具體包括哪些，空處應(yīng)該是建議計算預(yù)計的額外費用，因此F項“Addupalltheextracostsuntilyouarriveatyourrealfigure.(把所有額外費用加起來，直到你得出你的實際數(shù)字為止)”符合語境，承前啟后，其中的extracosts在后文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F?！?8題詳解】后文“Yasaadvisedagainstskippingbetweendifferentdestinations,asstricttimelimitscouldpreventyoufromparticipatinginbacktobacktours.“Ifthedistancesortimebetweendestinationsarenotlisted,turntoGoogleMapstoknowhowlongyou’reexpectedtobeontheroad.”(Yasa建議不要在不同的目的地之間跳躍，因為嚴(yán)格的時間限制可能會阻止你參加一個接一個的旅行?！叭绻康牡刂g的距離或時間沒有列出，請轉(zhuǎn)到谷歌地圖，了解你預(yù)計在路上的時間?！?”主要建議了解不同目的地之間的距離和通行時間，避免超出時間限制，空處是段落標(biāo)題，應(yīng)該是總的建議了解目的地的地理情況，且需和其他段落標(biāo)題一樣使用祈使句的形式，因此A項“Knowyourgeography.(知道你的地理位置)”符合語境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選A?！?9題詳解】前文“Theworstismissingaconnectingflightorexperiencingdelays.(最糟糕的情況是錯過轉(zhuǎn)機或遇到延誤)”提到錯過轉(zhuǎn)機或遇到延誤的糟糕情況，空處依舊是Yasa所說的話，應(yīng)該與這些糟糕情況的后果有關(guān)，因此E項“Youmaymissthefirstortwoofthetouryou’vepaidfor.(你可能會錯過你已經(jīng)付過錢的前一兩個行程)”符合語境，表明這樣會錯過行程，承接前文。故選E。【20題詳解】前文“Especiallywhentravellingtomoreremotelocations,orvisitingsmallerfoodstandsormarkets,youshouldn’tassumeeverywherewilltakecardpayments.(特別是當(dāng)你去偏遠(yuǎn)的地方旅行，或者去較小的小吃攤或市場時，你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為所有地方都接受信用卡支付)”指出有些地方可能無法用信用卡支付，空處是Yasa所說的話，位于段末，應(yīng)該是給出應(yīng)對這種情況的建議：隨身攜帶現(xiàn)金，因此D項“It’sbettertohavesomecashonyouatalltimes.(隨身帶點現(xiàn)金比較好)”符合語境，承接前文。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共四節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In2011ourhomewassurroundedwithfloodwaters.Althoughwe’dbeenthroughmanyfloodsbefore,thistimethewaterwasmuchhigher.Wewatchedasthemuddywatercoveredour____21____beehives(蜂箱).Ican’texplainthedepthofour____22____.Therewasnothingwecoulddoforthem.MyhusbandandIheldeachotherandcriedaswewatchedtheheavybeehives____23____.Atfirst,our29henswere____24____inthehenhouselocatedonaslightrise.Butsuddenlyweheard____25____squawking(咯咯叫).Ourchickens____26____dangerasthefloodwatersroseclosetotheirhome.Theirsquawkingbecamevery____27____.Suddenlywesawasmalldinghy(救生艇)withtwostrangersrowingtowardsus.Thankstothem,thechickenswere____28____takentoourtractorshed(棚).Itwasclosetoegglayingtime,andtheshedwaswarmand____29____despite