高考物理知識點總結(jié)

Collegeentranceexaminationhasbeenthedifficultyandfocusofthecollegeentranceexaminationinalltestsubjects,lossrateisextremelyhigh,butknowledgeismorecomplex,hereisanetizenPhysicsFormulas,thefeelingisverysubtle,copydowntosharewiththestudents,Ihopetoseeeveryonecangetgoodresults...

I.descriptionofsports

The1.objectmodelusesparticlestoignoreshapesandsizes;theearthrotatesasaparticle,andtheearthrotatesitssize.Thechangeofthepositionoftheobjectisaccuratelydescribedbythedisplacement,thespeedofmotionisslowerthanthatofT,andtheratioofatoVisSandt.

2.,thegeneralformulamethodisused,theaveragespeedisthesimplifiedmethod,themiddlespeedmethod,theinitialvelocityzeroratiomethod,andthenthegeometricimagemethodisusedtosolvethemotionmethod.Freefallistheexampleofzeroinitialspeedag.verticalprojectilemuzzlevelocityisknown,riseinthehighestflighttimeonseveralheart,nexttime,thewholeprocessofconstantdeceleration.Thespeedatthecenterofthemoment,theaveragespeedequalto;foracceleration,therearegoodsquare,Delta,S,a,Tsquare.

3.,speeddeterminestheobjectmoving,speed,accelerationdirection,thesamedirectiontoacceleratethereversedecrease,verticalbend,Moforward.

Two,force

1.,theproblemofmechanics,fortress,stressanalysisisthekey;analysisofforce,property,force,accordingtotheeffectofdealingwith.

2.forceanalysiscarefully,quantitativecalculationofsevenkindsofforce;thereisnogravityatthetip,accordingtothestateofelasticelasticfriction;first,therelativemotionisbasedongravity;inallthings,thereistheelectricforce;LiAnpeiLorentzforce,thetwoistheessenceofunity;mutualverticalstressparalleltoremember.

3.thesamelinedirection,theresultsjust"quantity",aquantityofdirectionifundetermined,calculationresultstotwopoints;theresultantforceofsmallandlarge,twoforceQangle,theparallelogramlaw;forcesizewithQ,onlyinthemaximumandminimum,andtheothersideforceforce.

Multistatewhentheorthogonaldecompositiontosolvetrigonometricfunctiontoresolve.

Methods4.mechanicalproblems,overallisolationandhypothesis;justlookatthewholeforce,tosolvetheinternalforceisolation;withtheoverallstateofthesame,otherwisemuch;evenifthestateisnotthesame,thewholetwocattlealsodo;ifaforceornot,accordingtothecalculationsoflimitmethod;graspthecriticalstate,procedurallawinordertodoorthogonaldecomposition;choosethecoordinateaxisvector,asmuchaspossible.

Three.Newton'slawsofmotion

1.FandMa,Newton'stwolaw,produceaccelerationbecauseofforce.

TogetherwiththeAinthesamedirection,thevelocityvariableisa,andtheabecomessmaller,thentheucanbelarge,aslongasaanduarethesame.

2.N,Tandotherforcesareapparentweight,theMgproductistherealweight;overweightdoesnotattachimportancetotheapparentweight,inwhichtheconstantistherealweight;theaccelerationisoverweight;thedecelerationisalsooverweight;theweightlossisincreasedbydecreasing,decreasing,andcompletelyignoringtheimportanceofzeroweight

Four,curvilinearmotion,gravitation

1.,thetrajectoryisacurve,thecentripetalforceisthecondition,thecurvevelocitychanges,andthedirectionisthetangentofthepoint.

2.circularmotioncentripetalforce,supplyanddemandintheheart,theradialforcetoprovidesufficient,MusquarethanR,MRWsquarealsorequired,thesupplyanddemandbalanceisnotheart.

3.gravitybecauseofthequalityofstudents,inallthingsintheworld,becausethebodyquality,gravitationwasmagical.Asatellitemovingaroundacelestialbody,asatellitemovingslowlyandrapidly,isdeterminedbydistance.Thecloserit

is,thefasteritis,thefartherawayitis,thesloweritwillbe,

Synchronoussatellite,fixedspeed,fixedpoint,equator,emptyline.

Fivemechanicalenergyandenergy

1.determinethestate,findkineticenergy,analyzetheprocess,findtheworkofforce,plusthepositiveandnegativeworktogether,andincreasethekineticenergywithit.

2.cleartwostatemechanicalenergy,lookattheprocessofworkforce,"gravity"beyondthepowerofzeroinitialstatewiththefinalenergy.

3.determinethestate,findtheamountofenergy,andthenseetheworkdonebytheprocessforce.Itcanchangetheactivestate,withthefinalenergy.

Six,theelectricfield"elective3--1.

1.Coulomb'slaw,electricforce,gravitationalattraction,fieldforce,liketwinbrothers,kQqandRsquared.

2.,thereisanelectricfieldaroundthecharge,andFdefinesthefieldstrengththanQ.DisauniformelectricfieldwithapointchargeofR2andaratioofUtoKQ.

Theelectricfieldintensityisavector,andthepositivechargeisdeterminedbyforce.Describetheelectricfield

lines,thedensitymeansweakandstrong.

Thefieldenergypropertyistheelectricpotential,thefielddirection,andthepotentialdrop.FieldforceworkisqU,kineticenergytheoremcannotbeforgotten.

4.thereisequipotentialsurfaceintheelectricfieldanddrawthefieldlineperpendiculartoit.Thedirectionisfromhightolow,denseinfaceanddenseinline.

Seven,constantcurrent"elective3-1.

1.whenthechargeisdirectedtomove,thecurrentisequaltoQthant.Thefreechargeistheinternalcause,andthevoltageatbothendsisthecondition.

Thepositivechargeflowstothefixeddirection,andtheserialammeterisusedformeasurement.Theoutsideofthepowersupplyisflowingfromthenegativetotheinside.

2.resistancelaw,threefactors,thetemperatureisnotonlyderived,controlvariablestodiscuss,R,l,suchassresistance.

CurrentworkUIT,electrothermalIsquareRt.Electricpower,Wishigherthant,voltagecurrentisalso.

3.,thebasiccircuitseries,andsubvoltageshunttobeclear.Theequivalentcircuitisthekeytocomplexcircuits.

4.theclosedcircuit,partialcircuit,outercircuitandinner

circuitfollowOhm'sOhm'slaw.

Theterminalvoltagedrop,andelectricpotential,inadditiontothetotalcurrentresistanceis

Eight,themagneticfield"elective3-1"

1.thereisamagneticfieldaroundthemagnet,andtheNisforcedtodeterminethedirection.Thereisamagneticfieldaroundthecurrent,andtheampererulesetsthedirection.

Theratioof2.FtoLIisthemagneticfieldstrength,phi,etc.B,Smagneticflux,fluxdensityphi,S,andmagneticfieldstrength.

3.BILampereforce,beperpendiculartoeachother.

4.Lorentzforce,Ampereforce,forceleft,don'tforget.

Nine,theelectromagneticinduction"elective3-2.

1.,electromagneticinduction,magnetoelectricity,fluxchangesaretheconditions.Theloopisclosedwithcurrentandthecircuitisdisconnected.

Themagnitudeofinducedelectromotiveforceandtherateoffluxchangeareknown.

2.,Lenz'slawofdirection,changeisthekeytochange.Theconductorcutsthemagneticinductionline,andtheright-handruleismoreconvenient.

3.,Lenz'slawisabstract,reallyunderstand,fromthreesides,hindermagneticfluxincreaseanddecrease,relativemotionbyresistance,selfinductancecurrentwanttoblock,energyconservationshouldbe.Lenzfirstlookedattheprimarymagneticfield,andtheinducedmagneticfieldwouldbeviewedasifthefluxwasincreasingordecreasing,andtheampereruleknewthedirectionofthei.

Ten,AC"elective3-2.

1.theuniformmagneticfieldhascoilsandrotatestogeneratealternatingcurrent.Current,voltage,electromotiveforce,thechanginglawisstring.

Theneutralsurfaceissinusoidal,andtheparallelplaneiscosine.

2.NBSOmegaisthemaximum,andtheeffectivevalueiscalculatedbyheat.

3.transformerforAC,constantcurrentcannotbeused.

Idealtransformer,primaryU,I,secondaryU,I,equalisprinciple.

Theratioofthevoltagetothenumberofturns;

Theratioofthecurrenttothereverseturnsratio.

Theuseofvoltageratio,ifforanumberofturns,toturnratio,

easytocalculate.

Longdistancetransmission,boostdownstream,otherwisethelossisbig,theuserafterdecompression.

Eleven,"3-3"optionalgasequation

Studythegasmass,determinethestate,andfindtheparameters.TheabsolutetemperatureislargeT,andthevolumeisthevolume.

Pressureanalysis,closures,Newton'slawshelpyou.Toidentifythestateparameters,PVTratioisconstant.

Twelve.Lawsofthermodynamics

1.,thefirstlawofthermodynamics,conservationofenergy,goodfeeling.Internalenergychanges,andsoon,theamountofheatcannotdolesswork.

Positiveandnegativesignsshouldbeaccurate,andincomeshouldbeunderstood.Forinternalworkandheatabsorption,theinternalenergyincreaseispositive;theexternalworkandtheheatreleasecandecreasethenegativeenergy.

2.,thesecondlawofthermodynamics,heattransferisirreversible,heattransfer,heatandheattransfer,andhasthedirectionoftheinverse.

Thirteen,mechanicalvibration"elective3--4.

1.theharmonicvibrationshouldbekeptinmind,Oasthestartingpoint,thedisplacement,thedirectionoftherecoveryforce,andalwaystothebalanceposition,

Thesizeisproportionaltothedisplacement,andthebalancepositionisugreatpole.

Don'tforgetto2.Opointsymmetry,vibrationintensityamplitude,vibrationspeedisaperiodiccycle,takethe4ARoad,cyclelthang,thentakethesquareroot2p,secondpendulumperiodis2seconds,thependulumlengthabout1meterslong.

Tothecentroidswinglongpendulumisisochronous.

3.thedirectionofthevibrationimage,fromthebottomtothetopisupward,fromthetoptothebottomisdownward;thevibrationimagedisplacement,vertexbottompoint,largedisplacement,positiveandnegativesymboldirectionrefersto.

Fourteen,mechanicalwave"elective3--4.

1.left,leftslope,rightrow,rightslope.Thereisnodirectionatpeakpointorvalleypoint.

2.,alongthedirectionofpropagation,fromthevalleytothepeakwanttoclimb,thefootmustgodown,upanddownvibration,move.

3.differentmomentsoftheimage,deltaT,fourpoints,oneorthree,particletrends,doubtsscattered,S,V,tinhandy.

Fifteen,optical"elective3-4.

1.selfluminouslightsource,homogeneoushomogeneousstraightlinetransmission.Ifyouencounterobstacles,thepathofpropagationchanges.

Thetwolawofrefraction,refraction,lawofrefractionisthepoint.Therefractiveindexofalightmediumisdefinedbytheratioofthesinetothevelocityratioandtheratioofthewavelength.

2.oftotalreflection,keepinmindthattheincidentlightinthelight.Theincidentangleisgreaterthanthecriticalangle,andtherefractedlightisnowheretobefound.

Sixteen、physicaloptics

The1.lightisanelectromagneticwavethatproducesinterferenceanddiffraction.Thediffractionconsistsofsingleslitsandsmallapertures,withdoubleslitsandfilms.Thewidthofthesingleslitisalmostthesameasthespacingoftheinterference.Smallaperturediffractionring,filminterferenceuseful.Theutilitymodelcanbeusedformeasuringworkpiecesandcanbemadeintoanantireflectioncoating.ThePoissonspotisdiffraction,andtheinterferenceformulashouldbegrasped."Elective3-4.

2.lightmetalsgenerateelectricityandtheincidentlighthasalimit.Thekineticenergyofphotoelectronsislargeandsmall,whichisrelatedtophotonfrequency.Thenumberandthenumber

ofphotoelectronsarecloselyrelatedtotheintensityoflight.Thephotoelectriceffectcanoccurinstantaneously,andthelimitfrequencydependsontheworkdone."Elective3-5,

Seventeen,themomentum"elective3--5.

1.determinethemomentumofthestate,theanalysisprocesstofindtheimpulse,thesamelinetodeterminethedirection,theresultsofthecalculationisonly"quantity",andifthedirectionofacertainamount,thecalculationresultsarespecified.

2.determinethemomentumofthestate,andanalyzetheprocesstofindthemomentum,

Iftheimpulseforceiszero,theinitialmomentumwiththefinal.

Eighteen,theatomicnucleus"elective3-5.

1.,thenucleus,thecentralstation,theelectronlayerissurroundedbyit;theoutwardtransitionisexcited,theradiativephotonmovesinward;thephotonenergyHN,theenergyleveldifferenceiscalculated.

2.nucleicanchangealphaalphabetatwodecay.Alphaparticleisheliumnuclei,electronflowisbetaray.

Gammaphotonsarenotonlyaccompaniedbydecay.Uraniumnucleiareseparatedbyfission,andneutronbombardmentisacondition.

Fissioncanbuildatomicbombs,andelectricitycanalsobeusedtogenerateelectricity.Lightfusionisfusion,wheretemperatureisextremelyhigh.

Changecanmakehydrogenbomb,orsolarenergysource;peacefulutilizationforegroundisgood,butunfortunatelyhasnotbeenrealizeduptonow.

Collegeentranceexaminationhasbeenthedifficultyandfocusofthecollegeentranceexaminationinalltestsubjects,lossrateisextremelyhigh,butknowledgeismorecomplex,hereisanetizenPhysicsFormulas,thefeelingisverysubtle,copydowntosharewiththestudents,Ihopetoseeeveryonecangetgoodresults...

I.descriptionofsports

The1.objectmodelusesparticlestoignoreshapesandsizes;theearthrotatesasaparticle,andtheearthrotatesitssize.Thechangeofthepositionoftheobjectisaccuratelydescribedbythedisplacement,thespeedofmotionisslowerthanthatofT,andtheratioofatoVisSandt.

2.,thegeneralformulamethodisused,theaveragespeedisthesimplifiedmethod,themiddlespeedmethod,theinitialvelocityzeroratiomethod,andthenthegeometricimagemethodisusedtosolvethemotionmethod.Freefallistheexampleofzeroinitialspeedag.verticalprojectilemuzzlevelocityisknown,riseinthehighestflighttimeonseveralheart,nexttime,thewholeprocessofconstantdeceleration.Thespeedat

thecenterofthemoment,theaveragespeedequalto;foracceleration,therearegoodsquare,Delta,S,a,Tsquare.

3.,speeddeterminestheobjectmoving,speed,accelerationdirection,thesamedirectiontoacceleratethereversedecrease,verticalbend,Moforward.

Two,force

1.,theproblemofmechanics,fortress,stressanalysisisthekey;analysisofforce,property,force,accordingtotheeffectofdealingwith.

2.forceanalysiscarefully,quantitativecalculationofsevenkindsofforce;thereisnogravityatthetip,accordingtothestateofelasticelasticfriction;first,therelativemotionisbasedongravity;inallthings,thereistheelectricforce;LiAnpeiLorentzforce,thetwoistheessenceofunity;mutualverticalstressparalleltoremember.

3.thesamelinedirection,theresultsjust"quantity",aquantityofdirectionifundetermined,calculationresultstotwopoints;theresultantforceofsmallandlarge,twoforceQangle,theparallelogramlaw;forcesizewithQ,onlyinthemaximumandminimum,andtheothersideforceforce.

Multistatewhentheorthogonaldecompositiontosolvetrigonometricfunctiontoresolve.

Methods4.mechanicalproblems,overallisolationandhypothesis;justlookatthewholeforce,tosolvetheinternal

forceisolation;withtheoverallstateofthesame,otherwisemuch;evenifthestateisnotthesame,thewholetwocattlealsodo;ifaforceornot,accordingtothecalculationsoflimitmethod;graspthecriticalstate,procedurallawinordertodoorthogonaldecomposition;choosethecoordinateaxisvector,asmuchaspossible.

Three.Newton'slawsofmotion

1.FandMa,Newton'stwolaw,produceaccelerationbecauseofforce.

TogetherwiththeAinthesamedirection,thevelocityvariableisa,andtheabecomessmaller,thentheucanbelarge,aslongasaanduarethesame.

Theforceof2.NandTisapparentweight,andtheproductofMgistherealweight;overweightdoesnotattachimportancetoapparentweight,

Amongthem,theconstantistherealweight;theaccelerationisoverweight;thedecelerationisalsooverweight;theweightlossisincreasedordecreased;theweightlossistotallyzero

Four,curvilinearmotion,gravitation

1.,thetrajectoryisacurve,thecentripetalforceisthecondition,thecurvevelocitychanges,andthedirectionisthetangentofthepoint.

2.circularmotioncentripetalforce,supplyanddemandinthe

heart,theradialforcetoprovidesufficient,MusquarethanR,MRWsquarealsorequired,thesupplyanddemandbalanceisnotheart.

3.gravitybecauseofthequalityofstudents,inallthingsintheworld,becausethebodyquality,gravitationwasmagical.Asatellitemovingaroundacelestialbody,asatellitethatmovesslowlyandrapidly,isdeterminedbydistance.Thecloseritis,thefasteritis,thefartherawayitis,thesloweritis.

Fivemechanicalenergyandenergy

1.determinethestate,findkineticenergy,analyzetheprocess,findtheworkofforce,plusthepositiveandnegativeworktogether,andincreasethekineticenergywithit.

2.cleartwostatemechanicalenergy,lookattheprocessofworkforce,"gravity"beyondthepowerofzeroinitialstatewiththefinalenergy.

3.determinethestate,findtheamountofenergy,andthenseetheworkdonebytheprocessforce.Itcanchangetheactivestate,withthefinalenergy.

Six,theelectricfield"elective3--1.

1.Coulomb'slaw,electricforce,gravitationalattraction,fieldforce,liketwinbrothers,kQqandRsquared.

2.,thereisanelectricfieldaroundthecharge,andFdefines

thefieldstrengththanQ.DisauniformelectricfieldwithapointchargeofR2andaratioofUtoKQ.

Theelectricfieldintensityisavector,andthepositivechargeisdeterminedbyforce.Describetheelectricfieldlines,thedensitymeansweakandstrong.

Thefieldenergypropertyistheelectricpotential,thefielddirection,andthepotentialdrop.FieldforceworkisqU,kineticenergytheoremcannotbeforgotten.

4.thereisequipotentialsurfaceintheelectricfieldanddrawthefieldlineperpendiculartoit.Thedirectionisfromhightolow,denseinfaceanddenseinline.

Seven,constantcurrent"elective3-1.

1.whenthechargeisdirectedtomove,thecurrentisequaltoQthant.Thefreechargeistheinternalcause,andthevoltageatbothendsisthecondition.

Thepositivechargeflowstothefixeddirection,andtheserialammeterisusedformeasurement.Theoutsideofthepowersupplyisflowingfromthenegativetotheinside.

2.resistancelaw,threefactors,thetemperatureisnotonlyderived,controlvariablestodiscuss,R,l,suchassresistance.

CurrentworkUIT,electrothermalIsquareRt.Electricpower,Wishigherthant,voltagecurrentisalso.

3.,thebasiccircuitseries,andsubvoltageshunttobeclear.Theequivalentcircuitisthekeytocomplexcircuits.

4.theclosedcircuit,partialcircuit,outercircuitandinnercircuitfollowOhm'sOhm'slaw.

Theterminalvoltagedrop,andelectricpotential,inadditiontothetotalcurrentresistanceis

Eight,themagneticfield"elective3-1"

1.thereisamagneticfieldaroundthemagnet,andtheNisforcedtodeterminethedirection.Thereisamagneticfieldaroundthecurrent,andtheampererulesetsthedirection.

Theratioof2.FtoLIisthemagneticfieldstrength,phi,etc.B,Smagneticflux,fluxdensityphi,S,andmagneticfieldstrength.

3.BILampereforce,beperpendiculartoeachother.

4.Lorentzforce,Ampereforce,forceleft,don'tforget.

Nine,theelectromagneticinduction"elective3-2.

1.,electromagneticinduction,magnetoelectricity,fluxchangesaretheconditions.Theloopisclosedwithcurrentandthecircuitisdisconnected.

Themagnitudeofinducedelectromotiveforceandtherateof

fluxchangeareknown.

2.,Lenz'slawofdirection,changeisthekeytochange.Theconductorcutsthemagneticinductionline,andtheright-handruleismoreconvenient.

3.,Lenz'slawisabstractandreallyunderstoodfromthreeparties,

Impedetheincreaseanddecreaseofmagneticflux,therelativemotionisresisted,theinducedcurrentwillblock,andtheconservationofenergyshouldbereasonable.Lenzfirstlookedattheprimarymagneticfield,andtheinducedmagneticfieldwouldbeviewedasifthefluxwasincreasingordecreasing,andtheampereruleknewthedirectionofthei.

Ten,AC"elective3-2.

1.theuniformmagneticfieldhascoilsandrotatestogeneratealternatingcurrent.Current,voltage,electromotiveforce,thechanginglawisstring.

Theneutralsurfaceissinusoidal,andtheparallelplaneiscosine.

2.NBSOmegaisthemaximum,andtheeffectivevalueiscalculatedbyheat.

3.transformerforAC,constantcurrentcannotbeused.

Idealtransformer,primaryU,I,secondaryU,I,equalis

principle.

Theratioofthevoltagetothenumberofturns;theratioofthecurrent;theinverseratiooftheturns.

Theuseofvoltageratio,ifforanumberofturns,toturnratio,easytocalculate.

Longdistancetransmission,boostdownstream,otherwisethelossisbig,theuserafterdecompression.

Eleven,"3-3"optionalgasequation

Studythegasmass,determinethestate,andfindtheparameters.TheabsolutetemperatureislargeT,andthevolumeisthevolume.

Pressureanalysis,closures,Newton'slawshelpyou.Toidentifythestateparameters,PVTratioisconstant.

Twelve.Lawsofthermodynamics

1.,thefirstlawofthermodynamics,conservationofenergy,goodfeeling.Internalenergychanges,andsoon,theamountofheatcannotdolesswork.

Positiveandnegativesignsshouldbeaccurate,andincomeshouldbeunderstood.Forinternalworkandheatabsorption,theinternalenergyincreaseispositive;theexternalworkandtheheatreleasecandecreasethenegativeenergy.

2.,thesecondlawofthermodynamics,heattransferisirreversible,heattransfer,heatandheattransfer,andhasthedirectionoftheinverse.

Thirteen,mechanicalvibration"elective3--4.

1.theharmonicvibrationshouldbekeptinmind,Oasthestartingpoint,thedisplacement,thedirectionoftherecoveryforce,andalwaystothebalanceposition,

Thesizeisproportionaltothedisplacement,andthebalancepositionisugreatpole.

Don'tforgetto2.Opointsymmetry,vibrationintensityamplitude,vibrationspeedisaperiodiccycle,takethe4ARoad,cyclelthang,thentakethesquareroot2p,secondpendulumperiodis2seconds,thependulumlengthabout1meterslong.

Tothecentroidswinglongpendulumisisochronous.

3.thedirectionofthevibrationimage,fromthebottomtothetopisupward,fromthetoptothebottomisdownward;thevibrationimagedisplacement,vertexbottompoint,largedisplacement,positiveandnegativesymboldirectionrefersto.

Fourteen,mechanicalwave"elective3--4.

1.left,leftslope,rightrow,rightslope.Thereisnodirectionatpeakpointorvalleypoint.

2.,alongthedirectionofpropagation,fromthevalleytothepeakwanttoclimb,thefootmustgodown,upanddownvibration,move.

3.differentmomentsoftheimage,deltaT,fourpoints,oneorthree,particletrends,doubtsscattered,S,V,tinhandy.

Fifteen,optical"elective3-4.

1.selfluminouslightsource,homogeneou