Unit9HumanBiologyLesson1Tocloneornottoclone?Whatdoyouknowaboutcloning?Whatadditionalinformationwouldyouliketoknow?P52

1

cell

species

toeditgenes

identicalgenes

todevelopartificially

tomakean

exactcopyof

tobreakthetechnicalbarrier

toproduceanimalmodelsUsethewordsandphrasestohelpyou.Example

Cloningcanbeused

toeditgenes.

Cloningcancreate

identicalgenes.

Cloningcanmakean

exactcopyofananimal…Example

Whenwasthefirstclonedanimalcreated?

Whyarescientistssointerestedincloning?

Whatproblemsarewefacingnow?

…Today,let'sreadanarticletoexploremoreaboutcloning.Watchthevideo.What’sthemainidea?Readingdefinition&naturalcloningartificialcloning:clonedmammalsartificialcloning:clonedprimatesthesignificanceofcloningofprimatesmoralconcernsconclusionFastReading:MatchtheheadingswiththeparagraphsPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Readthroughthearticle.Drawastructuralmaptoshowhowtheparagraphsareorganised.Task2ToCloneornottoClone?Para1DefinitionNaturalcloningParas2-4Para2:clonedmammalsArtificialcloningPara3:clonedprimatesPara4:thesignificanceof

cloningof

primatesPara5MoralconcernsPara6Conclusion...的過程①Cloningistheprocessof

makinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyor

artificially.Naturalcloninghasbeengoing

on

for

generations.Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitina世世代代園丁goon發(fā)生;進(jìn)行要么...要么...一種形式when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句n.(用來插種的)插枝，插條...的過程對...精確復(fù)制suitablemedium,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidentical

twins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.相同的例如who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，充當(dāng)主語，修飾identicaltwins②Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimalsartificially.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.Atfirst,Dollygrewnormally,butlatershedevelopedanillness

(thatismorenormallyfoundinmucholderanimals.)Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,起初much修飾比較級患病attempttodosth.試圖做某事過去分詞作后置定語that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾illnessonlyhalfthelifeofthesheep(fromwhichshewascloned.)AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goatsandmice.However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.Thishasledto

超過leadto引起也“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句相似的健康問題questionssuchas,“Willthisbeamajorissueforallclonedanimals?”“Willitcontinuetohappenforever?”.主要問題continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做某事③InJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolong-tailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,wasannouncedbyChinesescientists.Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammals

whichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned!首次的，前所未有的

the+序數(shù)詞+名詞+todosth第...個做某事的...n.目引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞mammals

Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”,anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated.與……比較provetobe

被證明是，證明為Dr.SunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.bedevotedto(doing)

專心于/致力于…takecareof

照顧許多

區(qū)分：thenumberof

...的數(shù)量

做某事的方法Thereason(theyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrier)wastogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodels(that

arehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.)省略why的定語從句，修飾先行詞為reasonbehelpfulfor

對...有幫助that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞animalmodels④Thesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthrough(that

mightleadto

curesforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess).Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialto

raise

alargenumberof

monkeyswithidenticalgenesinashort

amountoftime,andwecaneven大量的引起，導(dǎo)致培育；提出；引起；舉起衰老進(jìn)程引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞breakthrough有可能changetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.Thiscouldhelpsave

researchtime,reducethenumberof

animals(requiredfortesting),producemoreaccurate

results,andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments....的數(shù)量savetime節(jié)約時間過去分詞作后置定語⑤Cloning,however,continuestobeanissue

(thatcausesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions).

While

somepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.becrucialto/for...

對…至關(guān)重要大量的

(后跟不可數(shù)名詞)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句“盡管”itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.對某人而言做某事是...的引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞issueTheybelieveitisboundtoleadtothecloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethicalquestions

(thisraises.)Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.擔(dān)心被作為；當(dāng)作……來看一定省略that/which的定語從句if引導(dǎo)賓語從句”是否”Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.而且被看作是

beseenas

被視為that引導(dǎo)賓語從句

Readparagraphs4-5.Listthepotentialbenefitsof,andmoralconcernsaboutcloningprimates.Addyourownconcerns.Thenshareyournotesingroup.Task4PotentialbenefitsMoralconcerns?

willleadtocuresfor

variousdiseases?

hasrefreshedthe

technicalpossibilityof

cloningofotherspecies?preventaging?saveresearchtime?reducethenumberof

animalsbeingtestedon?producingmoreaccurate

results

?bettertreatments?clonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorindividuals?clonesareinferior?someorganisationsmayabusethetechnology⑥Sofar,itisstillunknown(whatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup).Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,目前為止whether...or...

是…還是…insistthat從句,表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時,從句用虛擬語氣：(should)＋動詞原形長大what引導(dǎo)主語從句，it作形式主語IntensiveReadingTocloneornottoclonedefinitionnaturalcloningPara1artificialcloningPara2-4clonedmammalsPara2clonedprimatesPara3thesignificanceofcloningofprimatesPara4Drawastructuralmaptoshowhowtheparagraphsareorganised.ToCloneorNottoClone?Para.1Definitionofcloning.Para.2-3SuccessfulattemptsatcloningDolly:aclonedsheep

ZhongZhongandHuaHua:twoclonedlong-tailedmonkeysPara.4-5DebateoncloningPositive:Successfulcloningleadstogreatbreakthroughs.Negative:CloningalsocausesdisagreementsandprovokesStrongemotions.Para6:Theauthor’sattitudes.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.Completethesummaryusingtheinformationinthearticle.Naturalcloninghastakenplaceforgenerations.Anexampleofthisisidentical1._____.AsheepcalledDollywasthefirstmammaltobecloned2.__________.SinceDolly,morethan20mammal3._______havebeenclonedincludingcamelsandgoats.In2018,Chinaannouncedthattwomonkeyshadbeencloned.Incompa