2024~2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷注意:本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)兩部分。兩部分答案都做在答題卡上?？偡譃?50分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanprobablynow?A.Atschool.B.Inahospital.C.Athome.2.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Torescheduleameeting.B.Toconfirmaninterview.C.Tocancelanappointment.3.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Sticktoherweeklyschedule.B.Workatthecommunitypart-time.C.Balancestudyandvoluntarywork.4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotomorrowafternoon?A.Seeadoctor.B.Meetherbrother.C.Watchafilm.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thedifferencesindiet.B.Theman’saccent.C.Thewoman’sfavoritefood.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhatdidthemandowhenhemetClaire?A.Heboughthersomething.B.Hestoppedtotalktoher.C.Hewavedhishandtoher.7.WhereisClaireprobablyworkingnow?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inaschool.C.Inabank.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatkindofgamearethespeakerswatching?ABasketball.B.Badminton.C.Football.9.Whathappenedjustnow?A.Thecompetitionfinished.B.Someonealmostmadeascore.C.Thewoman’steamwonthegame.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Totrackabooking.B.Tomakeareservation.C.Topostponeanappointment.11.Whendoesthemanwantthepartytoend?A.At9:30p.m.B.At10:30p.m.C.At11:30p.m.12.WhatcanthemanenjoyonSaturdaynight?A.Welcomedrinks.B.Amealdiscount.C.Afreetourofthepark.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whatwasthemandoingbeforetheconversation?A.Listeningtomusic.B.Sendingamessage.C.Watchingadocumentary.14.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Familymembers.15.WhatwillRobertpreparefortheparty?A.Food.B.Flowers.C.Juice.16.Whatisthemanlikelytodonext?A.Gototheairport.B.Sharegreatnews.C.Makeaphonecall.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Leavingamessage.B.Givingaspeech.C.Writinganote.18.WhydoesthespeakercometoDavid’stown?A.TovisitDavid’sfamily.B.Toattendameeting.C.Tospendhisholiday.19.Whereisthespeakerlookingforwardtogoing?A.Tohisschool.B.ToItaly.C.Totheairport.20.WhocouldCatherineprobablybe?A.Tim’sdaughter.B.Tim’swife.C.David’swife.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhetherit’sgoingforawalktotakeabreak,orsigningupforthefamousVarsity(校隊(duì))Match,everyonecangetactiveatOxford.TheActiveatOxfordcampaignisdesignedtohelpyougetinvolvedinsport,nomatterhowseriouslyorcasuallyyouwishtotakeit.ActiveatOxfordProgrammeWehavearangeofsportsonofferforstudents,staffandcommunitymembers,allofwhichallowyouto:·Comewhenyouwant·Joininanytimethroughtheyear·MakenewfriendsProgrammeCategories·SimplyActiveSessionsinvolvedoingthesportwithlittletonoinstruction.Thiscouldmeanplayingateamsportwithothersordoinganindividualactivityatanappointedtime.Thereisafinancialcommitmenttosomesessions.Examples:badminton,gymtraining,swimming·ActiveImproverSessionsinvolvetrainingtoimproveatthesportusuallywithacoachorsessionleader.Youcansignupforsessionsorcomealongwheneveritsuitsyou.Thereisafinancialcommitment.Examples:martialartssession,tennislesson,fitnessclass·ActiveEventSessionsinvolveone-offorperiodiceventsortrips.Thesewillusuallybeledbyacoach,instructororsessionleaderandaretargetedtowardsanewcomertothesport.Transporttotheactivitycomesatanadditionalcost.Examples:walkingtrip,cavingtrip,backtonetballeventBeingActiveIfsportisnotforyou,thebenefitsofsimplymakingasmallchange,suchastakinganenergeticwalkeachday,canalsobehugelyimportant.1.WhatisthegoalofActiveatOxfordProgram?A.Topromoteacademicachievement. B.Toprepareforthesportscompetition.C.Toencourageparticipationinsport. D.Todevelopasenseofcommunity.2.Whichofthefollowingisintendedforbeginners?A.VarsityMatch. B.SimplyActive.C.ActiveImprover. D.ActiveEvent.3.Whatdotheprogrammecategorieshaveincommon?A.Onlineclasses. B.Periodictrips.C.Chargingitems. D.Teamsports.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了牛津大學(xué)的“牛津大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)”活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheActiveatOxfordcampaignisdesignedtohelpyougetinvolvedinsport,nomatterhowseriouslyorcasuallyyouwishtotakeit.(牛津大學(xué)的“牛津大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)”活動(dòng)旨在幫助你參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，無(wú)論你多么認(rèn)真或隨意。)”可知，牛津大學(xué)活動(dòng)計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProgrammeCategories中ActiveEvent部分“Sessionsinvolveone-offorperiodiceventsortrips.Thesewillusuallybeledbyacoach,instructororsessionleaderandaretargetedtowardsanewcomertothesport.(ActiveEvent課程包括一次性或定期的事件或旅行。這些活動(dòng)通常由教練、指導(dǎo)員或會(huì)議負(fù)責(zé)人帶領(lǐng)，針對(duì)的是剛接觸這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人。)”可知，ActiveEvent是為初學(xué)者準(zhǔn)備的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProgrammeCategories中SimplyActive部分“Thereisafinancialcommitmenttosomesessions.(有些課程需要交錢(qián)。)”、ActiveImprover部分“Thereisafinancialcommitment.(需要交錢(qián))”和ActiveEvent部分“Transporttotheactivitycomesatanadditionalcost.(前往活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)的交通需要支付額外費(fèi)用。)”可知，這些課程的共同點(diǎn)是都要收取費(fèi)用。故選C項(xiàng)。BHemanBekelewhippedupthemostdangerousofwhathecalledhis“potions”whenhewasjust7yearsold.He’dbeenconductinghisownscienceexperimentswithkeeninterestforaboutthreeyearsbythatpoint,mixingupwhateverhecouldgethishandsonathomeandwaitingeagerlytoseetheresults.LastOctober,the3McompanyandDiscoveryEducationselectedHeman,arising10th-grader,asthewinnerofitsYoungScientistChallenge.Hisprize:$25,000.Hisaccomplishment:inventingasoapthatcouldonedaytreatandevenpreventmultipleformsofskincancer.BorninAddisAbababeforemovingtotheU.S.,Hemanrecallsthatsomeofhisearliestmemorieswereofseeinglaborersworkingintheburningsun,usuallywithnoprotectionfortheirskin.Itdidn’ttaketoolongforhimtostartthinkingabouthowhemighthelp.Afewyearsago,hereadaboutimiquimod,adrugthatisapprovedtofightoneformofskincancer.Typically,imiquimodisprescribedasafront-linedrug,butHemanwonderedifitcouldbemadeavailablemoreeasilytopeopleintheearlieststagesofthedisease.Abarofsoap,hethought,mightbejustthedeliverysystemforsuchalifesavingdrug,notjustbecauseitwassimple,butbecauseitwouldbealotmoreaffordable.Therewasalongwaytogobetweeninspirationandapplication,however.Carryingouthisideawasmorecomplicatedthansimplymixingthedrugintoanordinarybarofsoap,sinceanyhealingpowertheimiquimodmightpossesswouldjustbewasheddownthedrain.Theanswerwastocombinethesoapwithalipid-based(脂質(zhì)基)nanoparticle(納米顆粒)thatwouldstayontheskinwhenthesoapwaswashedaway.Hemanremainshumbleaboutwhathe’saccomplished.“AnybodycoulddowhatIdid,”hesays.“Ijustcameupwithanideaandworkedtowardsit.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutHeman’spersonalityasayoungboyaccordingtoparagraph1?AAmbitiousandtolerant. B.Curiousandpassionate.C.Hardworkingandathletic. D.Generousanddetermined.5.WhatinspiredHemantoinventthenewtypeofsoap?A.Hisdesiretohelpthoseinneed. B.Hispassionforscienceresearch.C.Hisdreamofwinningtheprize. D.Hispursuitofpublicrecognition.6.WhydoesHemanconsidersoapthebestoptionfordeliveringthedrug?A.Itcontainsimiquimod. B.Itprovidesshelterfromsunexposure.C.Itreducessideeffects. D.Itisinexpensiveandaccessible.7.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.TheapplicationofHeman’ssoapindailylifeB.Thedevelopmentofsoap-makingtechnology.C.Difficultyandresolutionindeliveringimiquimod.D.Processandrequirementsofusingthespecialsoap.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位14歲學(xué)生HemanBekele，通過(guò)自身努力和不斷尋求幫助，發(fā)明了一種普通人能負(fù)擔(dān)起的抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂，因此獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱(chēng)號(hào)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“He’dbeenconductinghisownscienceexperimentswithkeeninterestforaboutthreeyearsbythatpoint,mixingupwhateverhecouldgethishandsonathomeandwaitingeagerlytoseetheresults.(到那時(shí)，他已經(jīng)懷著濃厚的興趣進(jìn)行了大約三年的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，把他在家里能弄到的東西混在一起，熱切地等待著看到結(jié)果)”可知，赫曼作為一個(gè)小男孩好奇，并且充滿熱情。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“BorninAddisAbababeforemovingtotheU.S.,Hemanrecallsthatsomeofhisearliestmemorieswereofseeinglaborersworkingintheburningsun,usuallywithnoprotectionfortheirskin.(赫曼在搬到美國(guó)之前出生在亞的斯亞貝巴，他回憶說(shuō)，他最早的記憶是看到工人在烈日下工作，通常沒(méi)有保護(hù)他們的皮膚)”以及第四段“Itdidn’ttaketoolongforhimtostartthinkingabouthowhemighthelp.(沒(méi)過(guò)多久，他就開(kāi)始考慮自己能幫上什么忙)”可知，想幫助那些需要幫助的人激發(fā)了赫曼發(fā)明這種新型肥皂。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Abarofsoap,hethought,mightbejustthedeliverysystemforsuchalifesavingdrug,notjustbecauseitwassimple,butbecauseitwouldbealotmoreaffordable.(他想，一塊肥皂可能就是這種救命藥物的輸送系統(tǒng)，不僅因?yàn)樗?jiǎn)單，而且因?yàn)樗阋?”可知，赫曼認(rèn)為肥皂是輸送藥物的最佳選擇因?yàn)樗缺阋擞秩菀撰@得。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Therewasalongwaytogobetweeninspirationandapplication,however.Carryingouthisideawasmorecomplicatedthansimplymixingthedrugintoanordinarybarofsoap,sinceanyhealingpowertheimiquimodmightpossesswouldjustbewasheddownthedrain.Theanswerwastocombinethesoapwithalipid-based(脂質(zhì)基)nanoparticle(納米顆粒)thatwouldstayontheskinwhenthesoapwaswashedaway.(然而，從靈感到應(yīng)用還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。實(shí)現(xiàn)他的想法比簡(jiǎn)單地將藥物混合到一塊普通肥皂中要復(fù)雜得多，因?yàn)檫溧乜赡芫哂械娜魏沃委熌芰Χ紝⒈粵_入下水道。答案是將肥皂與一種脂質(zhì)納米顆粒結(jié)合起來(lái)，當(dāng)肥皂被洗掉時(shí)，納米顆粒會(huì)留在皮膚上)”可知，第5段主要講了傳遞咪喹莫特的困難及解決辦法。故選C。CAreyouhappy?Whatdoesoccurtomeisthatthereismoretolifethansimplythepursuitofhappiness.Imaginethatscientistshaveinventedamachinethatcanbehooked(鉤)uptoyourbrainsothatitcangiveyoueverypleasurableexperienceyoucouldeverwant.Thesescientistshavedesigneditsothatyoucan’tdistinguishbetweenthosepleasurablefeelingsyouhaveyourselfandthosethatcomefromthemachine,makingyoublessedlyunawareyouareactuallyfloatinginatank,withelectrodes(電極)inyourbrain.So,offeredthechancetobehookeduptothemachinefortherestofyourlife,wouldyouchoosethemachineorreallife?Thevastmajorityofpeoplewouldchoosereallife,despitesomediscomfort,sorrow,andupset.Thisthought-experimentaimedtoshowthatthereissomethingotherthanpurepleasurethatgivesourlivesmeaning.Ashumans,weneedcontrastinouremotions-thedarktomakethelightmuchbrighterforus.WasMichelangelohappywhenhewaspaintingtheSistineChapel?Noonereallyknows,buthewasprobablyquitefrustratedandangryattimesaswellasbored,lonelyandtired.Hemighthaveneckpainformostofitfromlookinguptopaintforhours.Buthedidn’tdoittofeelhappy.Itgavehimastrongsenseofpurpose,meaningandaccomplishment.Surelythisiswhatisattheheartofwhatdrivesus.What’salsointerestingisthatit’shardtosaywhetherwereallyarehappyornot.Apsychiatryprofessorsaidthathappinessisoftenexperiencedinretrospect—welookbackonatimeofourlives,aneventoramomentandrecallitwithhappiness.Whenwesaywewerehappyinarelationship,forexample,whatweoftenmeanisthatrecallingthatrelationshipgivesushappinessnow.8.Whatisthefunctionofthemachinementionedinparagraph2?A.Creatingdesiredpleasure. B.Boostingyourbrainpower.C.Detectingthesurroundings. D.Helpingyouidentifyfeelings.9.WhydoestheauthormentionMichelangeloandhiscreation?A.Toprovetheimpactofcreativity.B.Torecognizehiscontributiontoart.C.Toinspireotherartiststoworkharder.D.Toshowtheimportanceofemotionalcontrast.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrospect”inparagraph5mean?A.Areview. B.Aprocedure. C.Acondition. D.Ascene.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthepassage?A.Lifehighlightshope. B.Lifegoesbeyondhappiness.C.Lifecallsforrapidaction. D.Lifereflectsyourthoughts.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章談?wù)摿松钪谐俗非笮腋＃€有其他東西?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Imaginethatscientistshaveinventedamachinethatcanbehooked(鉤)uptoyourbrainsothatitcangiveyoueverypleasurableexperienceyoucouldeverwant.Thesescientistshavedesigneditsothatyoucan’tdistinguishbetweenthosepleasurablefeelingsyouhaveyourselfandthosethatcomefromthemachine,makingyoublessedlyunawareyouareactuallyfloatinginatank,withelectrodes(電極)inyourbrain.(想象一下，科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種機(jī)器，可以連接到你的大腦，這樣它就可以給你任何你想要的愉快體驗(yàn)。這些科學(xué)家已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好了，這樣你就無(wú)法區(qū)分你自己的愉悅感覺(jué)和那些來(lái)自機(jī)器的愉悅感覺(jué)，讓你沒(méi)有意識(shí)到你實(shí)際上是漂浮在一個(gè)裝有電極的水箱里。)”可知，本段提到的機(jī)器的功能是創(chuàng)造想要的快樂(lè)。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thisthought-experimentaimedtoshowthatthereissomethingotherthanpurepleasurethatgivesourlivesmeaning.Ashumans,weneedcontrastinouremotions-thedarktomakethelightmuchbrighterforus.(這個(gè)思想實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在表明，除了純粹的快樂(lè)之外，還有其他東西賦予我們生活的意義。作為人類(lèi)，我們需要情感上的對(duì)比——黑暗讓光明對(duì)我們更亮。)”和第四段中“WasMichelangelohappywhenhewaspaintingtheSistineChapel?Noonereallyknows,buthewasprobablyquitefrustratedandangryattimesaswellasbored,lonelyandtired.Hemighthaveneckpainformostofitfromlookinguptopaintforhours.Buthedidn’tdoittofeelhappy.Itgavehimastrongsenseofpurpose,meaningandaccomplishment.Surelythisiswhatisattheheartofwhatdrivesus.(米開(kāi)朗基羅在畫(huà)西斯廷教堂時(shí)開(kāi)心嗎？沒(méi)有人真正知道，但他可能有時(shí)很沮喪并生氣，也很無(wú)聊、孤獨(dú)和疲憊。他可能因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間抬頭畫(huà)畫(huà)而脖子疼。但他這么做并不是為了感到快樂(lè)。這給了他強(qiáng)烈的目標(biāo)感、意義感和成就感。當(dāng)然，這就是驅(qū)動(dòng)我們前進(jìn)的核心動(dòng)力。)”可知，作者先說(shuō)明作為人類(lèi)，我們需要情感上的對(duì)比——黑暗讓光明對(duì)我們更亮，然后提到米開(kāi)朗基羅和他的創(chuàng)作，是為了顯示情感對(duì)比的重要性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞句前文“Apsychiatryprofessorsaidthathappinessisoftenexperiencedin(一位精神病學(xué)教授說(shuō)，幸福往往是在……中體驗(yàn)到的)”和后句“welookbackonatimeofourlives,aneventoramomentandrecallitwithhappiness(我們回顧生活中的一段時(shí)間、一件事或一個(gè)時(shí)刻，并帶著幸?；貞浧饋?lái)。)”可知幸福是從回顧中體驗(yàn)到的，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€部分retrospect意思是“回顧”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Areyouhappy?Whatdoesoccurtomeisthatthereismoretolifethansimplythepursuitofhappiness.(你幸福嗎？我真正想到的是，生活不僅僅是追求幸福。)”可知，作者想在文章中表達(dá)的是生活不僅僅是幸福。故選B項(xiàng)。DTheelephantnosefishwouldn’tgetveryfaroneyesightaloneinthedarkriversofwesternandcentralAfrica.Instead,itreliesonasensecalledelectrolocation:anorganonitstailproducesaweakelectricfieldthatpulsesoutwardfromitsbody.Receptors(接受器)onitsskindetectdistortions(歪曲)tothefieldcausedbyobjectsorcreaturesnearby,creatingatwo-dimensional“electricimage”oftheobjectbeingdetected.Buthowdoesthefoot-longfishusethat2-Dmaptoperceivea3-Dworld?NewfindingspublishedinAnimalBehavioursuggestthiscreaturedoesalittleaquatic(水中的)dance,allowingittoperceiveobjectsfromslightlydifferentanglesthat,whenpiledtogether,helpdistinguish3-Dobjects.SarahSkeels,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,saysthefishisknownformakingoddmovements,suchasturningarounditstrunk-likenose,whichisfullofelectroreceptors,orshakingitselectricallychargedtail,whenitencountersunfamiliarobjects.Skeelssuspectedthesemotionsmighthelptheelephantnoseperceiveitssurroundings.Totesttheidea,shepresentedthefishwithachoiceoftwoobjectsbehindnet-likedoors—oneobjectshapedlikeasausageassociatedwitharewardoftastyfood,theotherlikeacubeorsphere.Aftertraining,thefishquicklypickedthedoorwiththesausageshapealmost94percentofthetime.ThenSkeelsbegantoshrinkthespacewithbarrierssothefishhadlessroomtodance,shakeandthrowitback.Thefish’saccuracydroppedto71percent.Theexperimentwas“verycleverlydesigned,”saysStefanMucha,whostudiesweaklyelectricfishattheHumboldtUniversityofBerlin.Hesaysitrevealsasmallbutmeaningfulpieceofhowthefishintegrateelectricalinformationintoausablemap,acomplexprocessthathasinspiredunderwatercamerasandcomputeralgorithms(算法).“Whattheydoissocomplexthatwecan’treallymodelitwithourgreatestcomputers,”Muchasays.“Butit’sjustasmallfish!”12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheelephantnosefishinparagraph1?A.Itdetectsremotebarriers. B.Ithasaremarkablesensingability.C.Itcausesdistortionstotheelectricfield. D.Itcreatesathree-dimensionalimage.13.HowdidSkeelstestheridea?A.Byquotingdatafrompreviousstudies.B.Bypresentingreasonsinalogicalway.C.Bylistingexamplesfromdiverseperspectives.D.Bycomparingresultsunderdifferentconditions.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromMucha’swords?A.Fishareattractedbyunderwatercameras. B.Skeels’experimentisrathercomplex.C.Theexperimentisofgreatsignificance. D.Computershelpthefishmakemovements.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ASmallFish:DancingtoSee B.AnExperiment:RevealingaSecretC.ASmallFish:SwimmingintheDark D.AnExperiment:InspiringComputerTechnology【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了象鼻魚(yú)是如何利用二維地圖來(lái)感知三維世界的。發(fā)表在《動(dòng)物行為》雜志上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這種生物會(huì)跳一些水生舞蹈，這使得它能夠從不同的角度感知物體，當(dāng)它們聚集在一起時(shí)，有助于區(qū)分3-D物體?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Instead,itreliesonasensecalledelectrolocation:anorganonitstailproducesaweakelectricfieldthatpulsesoutwardfromitsbody.Receptors(接受器)onitsskindetectdistortions(歪曲)tothefieldcausedbyobjectsorcreaturesnearby,creatingatwo-dimensional“electricimage”oftheobjectbeingdetected.(相反，它依靠一種叫做電定位的感覺(jué)：它尾巴上的一個(gè)器官產(chǎn)生一個(gè)微弱的電場(chǎng)，從身體向外脈沖。它皮膚上的感受器可以檢測(cè)到附近物體或生物引起的磁場(chǎng)扭曲，從而產(chǎn)生被檢測(cè)物體的二維“電子圖像”。)”可知，象鼻魚(yú)有非凡的感知能力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Totesttheidea,shepresentedthefishwithachoiceoftwoobjectsbehindnet-likedoors—oneobjectshapedlikeasausageassociatedwitharewardoftastyfood,theotherlikeacubeorsphere.Aftertraining,thefishquicklypickedthedoorwiththesausageshapealmost94percentofthetime.(為了驗(yàn)證這個(gè)想法，她讓魚(yú)從網(wǎng)狀門(mén)后面的兩個(gè)物體中選擇一個(gè)——一個(gè)形狀像香腸，象征著美味的食物，另一個(gè)形狀像立方體或球體。經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練后，這些魚(yú)幾乎有94%的幾率迅速選擇了香腸形狀的門(mén)。)”可推知，斯基爾斯通過(guò)比較不同條件下的結(jié)果來(lái)檢驗(yàn)她的想法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theexperimentwas“verycleverlydesigned,”saysStefanMucha,whostudiesweaklyelectricfishattheHumboldtUniversityofBerlin.Hesaysitrevealsasmallbutmeaningfulpieceofhowthefishintegrateelectricalinformationintoausablemap,acomplexprocessthathasinspiredunderwatercamerasandcomputeralgorithms(算法).(在柏林洪堡大學(xué)研究弱電魚(yú)的斯特凡·穆夏說(shuō)，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)“設(shè)計(jì)得非常巧妙”。他說(shuō)，它揭示了魚(yú)類(lèi)如何將電子信息整合到可用的地圖中，這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，啟發(fā)了水下相機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)算法。)”可知，從穆夏的話中可以推斷出這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很有意義。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第二段“Buthowdoesthefoot-longfishusethat2-Dmaptoperceivea3-Dworld?NewfindingspublishedinAnimalBehavioursuggestthiscreaturedoesalittleaquatic(水中的)dance,allowingittoperceiveobjectsfromslightlydifferentanglesthat,whenpiledtogether,helpdistinguish3-Dobjects.(但這條一英尺長(zhǎng)的魚(yú)是如何利用二維地圖來(lái)感知三維世界的呢？發(fā)表在《動(dòng)物行為》雜志上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這種生物會(huì)跳一些水生舞蹈，這使得它能夠從不同的角度感知物體，當(dāng)它們聚集在一起時(shí)，有助于區(qū)分3-D物體。)”可知，文章主要介紹了象鼻魚(yú)是如何利用二維地圖來(lái)感知三維世界的。發(fā)表在《動(dòng)物行為》雜志上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這種生物會(huì)跳一些水生舞蹈，這使得它能夠從不同的角度感知物體，當(dāng)它們聚集在一起時(shí)，有助于區(qū)分3-D物體。故這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是“小魚(yú)：跳舞感知”。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostpeopleagreethatcollegeisthetimewhenthingschangethemostintheirlives.Learningfactsinschoolisimportant,butlearningbasiclifeskillsismuchmoreimportantforgettingthroughtheseyearsandbeyond.___16___Budgeting:HandlingMoneyLikeaProWhyisbudgetingcrucial?Entertainmentandtakeawaycaneasilydrain(耗盡)abudget,leavingnothingforgroceriesortextbooks.___17___Youcanuseaspreadsheetoraprogramtostreamlinethisprocess.Setasidemoneyforfoodandentertainmenttoavoidoverspending.Budgetingnowmightprepareyouforfinancialindependenceaftercollege.MaintainingPhysicalandMentalHealth:Self-CareIncollege,whatisself-care?Sleepingsufficiently,eatingwell,andexercisingregularlyarethebasics.Itmaybedifficulttoprioritizethesethingswhileyou’rebusy,butdoingsowillboostyourattitudeandenergy.___18___It’snotunusualtofeelworriedorstressed.Learningcopingstrategieswillassistcontrolanxiety.Forstudentswhomightneedit,severalcollegesalsoprovidecounselingservices.Self-careisnotselfish;rather,itisnecessaryforyouroptimumperformance.CommunicationSkills:CreatingStrongRelationshipsWhyistalkingtopeoplesoimportant?___19___Goodconversationskillscanhelpyouworkwithothersongroupprojects,andtheycanalsohelpyoulearnmoreinclasswhenyoutalktoyourteachers.Collegeteachesyoumorethanjusthowtograduate.___20___Todayandtomorrow,knowingbowtotakecareofyourself,manageyourtime,budget,andhandleyourtimewillbeimportant.Learntheseskillsearlytoreduceanxiety.Theywillalsohelpyouprepareforpost-collegelife.A.Italsopreparesyouforindependence.B.Ofequalimportanceismentalhealth.C.Youneedtheseskillstobeagoodadult.D.Youmaystrugglewithmoneymanagement.E.Startbudgetingbytrackingincomeandexpenses.F.Goodconversationbuildstrustandleadstocloserelationships.G.Clearlysaywhatyouwanttosaywhenmeetingteachersorpossibleemployers.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.F20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文說(shuō)明了大學(xué)生活不僅是學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)，更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)基本生活技能，如預(yù)算、身心健康和自我照顧以及溝通技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Learningfactsinschoolisimportant,butlearningbasiclifeskillsismuchmoreimportantforgettingthroughtheseyearsandbeyond.(在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)事實(shí)很重要，但學(xué)習(xí)基本的生活技能對(duì)于度過(guò)這些年及以后更為重要。)”可知，上文著重突出生活技能的重要性，空處承接上文，C項(xiàng)中的“theseskills”和上文中的“basiclifeskills”相呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明這些生活技能對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，具體來(lái)說(shuō)是成為一個(gè)好的成年人有著關(guān)鍵意義，將話題從強(qiáng)調(diào)生活技能重要自然過(guò)渡到其對(duì)成年后生活的作用上，能夠合理地銜接上下文，使整個(gè)論述邏輯連貫。所以C選項(xiàng)“Youneedtheseskillstobeagoodadult.(你需要這些技能才能成為一個(gè)好的成年人。)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Entertainmentandtakeawaycaneasilydrain(耗盡)abudget,leavingnothingforgroceriesortextbooks.(娛樂(lè)和外賣(mài)很容易耗盡預(yù)算，導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有錢(qián)買(mǎi)雜貨或課本。)”以及后文“Youcanuseaspreadsheetoraprogramtostreamlinethisprocess.(您可以使用電子表格或程序來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化此過(guò)程。)”可知，本段教人們?nèi)绾慰刂祁A(yù)算，進(jìn)行金錢(qián)管理，空處需要一個(gè)句子來(lái)銜接，引出后續(xù)關(guān)于具體如何開(kāi)展預(yù)算工作的內(nèi)容。E項(xiàng)中的“trackingincomeandexpenses”和下文中的“thisprocess”相呼應(yīng)。所以E選項(xiàng)“Startbudgetingbytrackingincomeandexpenses.(通過(guò)跟蹤收入和支出開(kāi)始預(yù)算。)”符合語(yǔ)境，直接回應(yīng)了上文關(guān)于預(yù)算為何重要的問(wèn)題，并為下文提供了具體的預(yù)算方法。故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“It’snotunusualtofeelworriedorstressed.Learningcopingstrategieswillassistcontrolanxiety.(感到擔(dān)憂或壓力并不罕見(jiàn)。學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)對(duì)策略有助于控制焦慮。)”可知，本段主要講述的是心理調(diào)節(jié)?？仗幮枰粋€(gè)句子來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)從身體方面自我照顧到心理健康方面的自然過(guò)渡。B選項(xiàng)“Ofequalimportanceismentalhealth.(同樣重要的是心理健康。)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)意。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Whyistalkingtopeoplesoimportant?(為什么與人交談如此重要？)”可知，接下來(lái)應(yīng)該描述與人交談重要性的原因。F選項(xiàng)“Goodconversationbuildstrustandleadstocloserelationships.(良好的對(duì)話可以建立信任，建立親密的關(guān)系。)”符合語(yǔ)意，并且直接回答了上文提出的問(wèn)題，即為什么與人交談重要。故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Collegeteachesyoumorethanjusthowtograduate.(大學(xué)教你的不僅僅是如何畢業(yè)。)”可知，本空要表達(dá)的是除了畢業(yè)之外的其他收獲，由后文“Todayandtomorrow,knowingbowtotakecareofyourself,manageyourtime,budget,andhandleyourtimewillbeimportant.(今天和明天，知道如何照顧自己、管理時(shí)間、預(yù)算和處理時(shí)間將很重要。)”可知，這些能力對(duì)于獨(dú)立生活很重要，故A選項(xiàng)“Italsopreparesyouforindependence.(它還為你將來(lái)的獨(dú)立生活做準(zhǔn)備）”能夠承接上文，引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)InasmallvillagelocatedatthefootofatoweringmountainlivedayoungwomannamedMaya.Shehadalwaysbeen___21___bythemountain’smajestic(雄偉的)beautyandoftendreamedof___22___itspeak.Oneday,she___23___asmallbagwithessentialsand___24___onherjourney.Assheclimbed,thepathbecamesteeper(更陡的)andmore___25___.Rockstumbled(滾落)underherfeet,andthecoldwind___26___athercheeks,butMayapressedon.Halfwayupthemountain,Maya___27___agroupofexperiencedclimbersmovingdown.“Turnback,”they___28___.“Theclimbistoodifficult.”Foramoment,___29___crept(不知不覺(jué)產(chǎn)生)intoMaya’smind.Shefeltunsureifshecouldcontinue.Butthen,Mayarememberedshewantedtoprovetoherselfthatshewascapableofachievingherdreams.Withreneweddetermination,shethankedtheclimbersfortheir___30___butdecidedtocontinue.Assheclimbedhigher,theairgrewthinner,andeverystepbecamea(n)___31___,butsherefusedtogiveup.___32___,Mayareachedthepeak,lookingoutoverthevastlandscapebelow.Theviewwasmorebreathtakingthanshehadeverimagined.Indoingso,shehaddiscoveredthepowerthat___33___insideherallalong.Fromthenon,Mayaneverdoubtedherselfagain.Shefacedeachnewchallengewiththesame___34___andcourage,knowingthatshehadthestrengthtoclimbanymountain,bothintheworldand___35___herself.21.A.frightened B.confused C.fascinated D.instructed22.A.protecting B.reaching C.accepting D.creating23.A.covered B.combined C.surrounded D.packed24.A.pickedup B.gaveup C.setoff D.paidoff25.A.challenging B.satisfying C.rewarding D.appealing26.A.bit B.spread C.whispered D.shot27.A.identified B.encountered C.interviewed D.organized28.A.warned B.argued C.complained D.revealed29.A.anger B.hope C.doubt D.excitement30.A.expectation B.concern C.criticism D.appreciation31.A.progress B.struggle C.relaxation D.opportunity32.A.Initially B.Apparently C.Frequently D.Eventually33.A.lay B.faded C.increased D.changed34.A.generosity B.wisdom C.determination D.justice35.A.on B.within C.about D.for【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.A27.B28.A29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Maya克服重重困難，最終成功登頂高山，并在此過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己內(nèi)心的力量，從此更加自信地面對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直被這座山的雄偉之美所迷住，并經(jīng)常夢(mèng)想著到達(dá)山頂。A.frightened害怕的；B.confused困惑的；C.fascinated著迷的；D.instructed指導(dǎo)的。根據(jù)后文“bythemountain’smajestic(雄偉的)beauty”可知，瑪雅被山的雄偉之美所迷住，夢(mèng)想著爬到山頂。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直被這座山的雄偉之美所迷住，并經(jīng)常夢(mèng)想著到達(dá)山頂。A.protecting保護(hù)；B.reaching到達(dá)；C.accepting接受；D.creating創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)前文“Shehadalwaysbeen___1___bythemountain’smajestic(雄偉的)beauty”以及后文的“itspeak”可知，Maya夢(mèng)想著到達(dá)山頂是因?yàn)楸簧降男蹅ブ浪?。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，她打包了一個(gè)小袋子，裝上必需品，然后出發(fā)去旅行。A.covered覆蓋；B.combined結(jié)合；C.surrounded包圍；D.packed打包。根據(jù)后文“Assheclimbed,thepathbecamesteeper(更陡的)andmore___5___.Rockstumbled(滾落)underherfeet,andthecoldwind___6___athercheeks,butMayapressedon.”可知，Maya決定去爬山，所以此處指打包必需品。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一天，她打包了一個(gè)小袋子，裝上必需品，然后出發(fā)去旅行。A.pickedup撿起；B.gaveup放棄；C.setoff出發(fā)；D.paidoff付清。根據(jù)前文“Oneday,she___3___asmallbagwithessentials”以及下文“Assheclimbed,thepathbecamesteeper(更陡的)andmore___5___.”可知，Maya已經(jīng)打包好必需品，所以此處指她出發(fā)去旅行。故選C。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著她繼續(xù)攀登，道路變得更加陡峭，更具挑戰(zhàn)性。A.cha