主題群四科學(xué)與技術(shù)話題25科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，信息安全Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks，coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworld－classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).Reality＋：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmersInthistalk，philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse－stylevirtualworldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.WhatWedon’tKnowAboutGravitywithClaudiadeRhamWeareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk，ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzelFromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel，theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog，offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky(離奇的)historicaldetail.PhysicsattheEndoftheUniversewithKatieMackTheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))tellsusaboutthefinalfateoftheuniverse.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，介紹《新科學(xué)家》舉辦的大思想家系列活動(dòng)的四場(chǎng)在線講座。1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?A.￡13. B.￡20.C.￡30. D.￡32.答案D[數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段“Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalks...orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture”可知，單場(chǎng)的票價(jià)是13英鎊，購(gòu)買一個(gè)系列可以節(jié)約20英鎊，因此買一個(gè)系列的票價(jià)為：4×13－20＝32(英鎊)。]2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime...throughscientifictheoryandquirkyhistoricaldetail.”可知，ChadOrzel的講座是關(guān)于時(shí)間標(biāo)記的歷史。]3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.”可知，這四個(gè)講座的共同之處是它們都是針對(duì)科學(xué)愛好者的。](2024·湖北沙市中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens，whichofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandanoceanofinformation.Butsinceit’seasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverynotification，technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing.Thus，theideaof“digitaldetox”isbecomingincreasinglyinviting.Thephrase“digitaldetox”describesgettingridofTV，phones，computersandotherformsoftechnologythatcontrolourlivesforaperiodoftime.Someexpertsadvocatecompletelyavoidingunnecessaryscreentimefor30years.Otherssuggestusinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.Athirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsoronweekends.Otherssimplyturntheirphonesoffatscheduledtimes.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycanunplugfromtheirdigitalroutine.Whymightyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouarespendinglongerthanyouintendoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommoreimportantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselftoothersoryoufearmissingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Constantnegativenewscanalsogiverisetoalotofstress.Technologycanalsohavephysicaleffects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainasaresultofbendingoverscreens.Thebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoaffectpeople’ssleepbypreventingproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素).Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic，butstrategicbreaksfromtechnologymaybegoodforyourbody，mind，emotionsandrelationships.Itishightimethatyoupickedatimetoturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“數(shù)字脫癮”，以及數(shù)字產(chǎn)品給我們帶來的影響。4.Whydoestheauthorsay“technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing”inparagraph1?A.Toconfirmaconcept. B.Topresentaproblem.C.Toexplainarule. D.Tomakeaprediction.答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens...tokeepupwitheverynotification”可知，科技帶來了便利，但人們也會(huì)容易感到有壓力，所以作者說“技術(shù)可能更像是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，而不是一種祝福”是為了呈現(xiàn)問題，引出話題“數(shù)字脫癮”。]5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inparagraph2mean?A.Recover. B.Benefit.C.Escape. D.Suffer.答案C[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thephrase‘digitaldetox’describesgettingridofTV...controlourlivesforaperiodoftime.”可知，“數(shù)字脫癮”是指擺脫電視、電話等數(shù)字生活，所以此處unplugfromtheirdigitalroutine是指擺脫數(shù)字生活，unplug是“擺脫，脫離”的意思。]6.Whichcouldbethereasonforonetostart“digitaldetox”？A.Appsselectiondifficulty.B.Fearofmissingimportantthings.C.Exposuretofalsenews.D.Pressurefromsocialcomparison.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Perhapssocialmediaisdepressing...thatotherpeopleareenjoying.”可知，一個(gè)人可能開始“數(shù)字脫癮”的原因是把自己和別人比較，也就是來自社會(huì)比較的壓力。]7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Torecommendhealthylifestyles.B.Tocallforreducingtheuseofdigitaldevices.C.Togiveinstructionsonstartingdigitaldetox.D.Topresentdifferentattitudestodigitalproducts.答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic...toturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.”可知，作者認(rèn)為是關(guān)掉你的設(shè)備專注于重要的事情的時(shí)候了，可以推測(cè)出文章的目的是呼吁減少使用數(shù)碼設(shè)備。]Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasjustatypicalmorningofanordinaryworkday.Iwasatthe1，onmywaytothelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Butsomethingbeganto2insidemeasIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears，3castdown，unsmilingfaces.Theylookedunhappy.AndIrealizedthatIwasoneofthem.Suddenly，Icouldnolonger4withmyworklifeandbookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.Overtheyears，Ihadgrownmore5duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D.ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdislikedandtheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe6ofwhatIhadhopedfor.Ibegantofeellonelyand7.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I8mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.Ihadtoendthis.Iemailedmyprofessors，explainingthatIhadputthe9firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates—Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew10askinghowIwas，intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearcherswere11theirheadsoutoftheirshells(殼)，seekinghelp.Itoccurredtomethatweall12sometimes，andourvulnerability(脆弱)seemedsomuchalikethatI13myselffromallthathadbotheredmefordays.Actuallyitcanbea14game，insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwithothersandaskingforhelpdoesn’tmakemycontributions15：itmeanswecanallsucceed.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在等公交車去實(shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍的人行色匆匆，并不快樂，意識(shí)到自己太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間把自己的職業(yè)放在了第一位，而忽視了自身的快樂。作者認(rèn)為：與他人合作并尋求幫助并不會(huì)讓自己的貢獻(xiàn)變得不重要；這意味著我們都可以成功。1.A.cafeshop B.bookstoreC.supermarket D.busstop答案D[A.cafeshop咖啡店；B.bookstore書店；C.supermarket超市；D.busstop公交車站。根據(jù)下文“onmywaytothelab”可知，作者要去實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在公交站等公交車。]2.A.awaken B.tackleC.settle D.disappear答案A[A.awaken覺醒；B.tackle處理；解決；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。根據(jù)下文“IrealizedthatIwasoneofthem”可知，當(dāng)作者看到別人戴著耳機(jī)眼睛低垂不茍言笑的時(shí)候，覺醒到自己也是其中之一。]3.A.nose B.eyesC.neck D.arms答案B[A.nose鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根據(jù)下文“Theylookedunhappy”可知，作者在說面部表情，所以應(yīng)該是眼睛低垂。]4.A.go B.continueC.combine D.exchange答案B[A.go去；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.combine聯(lián)合；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)下文“bookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.”可知，作者產(chǎn)生了厭倦之心，不愿意再繼續(xù)工作生活。]5.A.mature B.academicC.competitive D.positive答案C[A.mature成熟的；B.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；C.competitive有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)下文“duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D”可知，作者有完成博士學(xué)位的壓力，所以變得更加愛競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。]6.A.output B.alternativeC.case D.opposite答案D[A.output產(chǎn)量；B.alternative可供選擇的事物；C.case情況；例子；D.opposite相反的東西。根據(jù)上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果不是作者希望的，是與作者的希望相反的。]7.A.inspired B.lostC.pure D.guilty答案B[A.inspired受啟發(fā)的；B.lost迷失的；C.pure純潔的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”以及“Ibegantofeellonely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的東西而感到孤獨(dú)，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“l(fā)ost(迷失的)”含義與句子表達(dá)的含義一致。]8.A.spotted B.markedC.hit D.set答案C[A.spotted看見；B.marked標(biāo)記；C.hit擊打；碰觸；D.set放置。根據(jù)下文“mybreakingpoint”可知，在公交車站，作者的壞情緒達(dá)到了極限，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，hitthebreakingpoint為固定短語(yǔ)，含義為：達(dá)到了崩潰的極限。]9.A.evaluation B.adaptationC.comprehension D.occupation答案D[A.evaluation評(píng)估；B.adaptation適應(yīng)；C.comprehension理解；D.occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“Ihadtoendthis”以及下文“myselfsecondfortoolong”可知，作者向教授解釋自己把職業(yè)放在第一位的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了。]10.A.jokes B.linesC.calls D.accounts答案B[A.jokes笑話；B.lines行；C.calls電話；D.accounts賬戶。根據(jù)上文“ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates”可知，作者在看別人寫給他的信。]11.A.sticking B.standingC.bringing D.figuring答案A[A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing帶來；D.figuring弄明白。根據(jù)下文“theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，此處作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的研究人員比喻成烏龜，從殼子里面伸出頭尋求幫助。]12.A.choke B.urgeC.suffer D.hesitate答案C[A.choke噎??；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate猶豫；根據(jù)下文“ourvulnerabilityseemedsomuch”可知，作者感受到了每個(gè)人都有遭受痛苦的時(shí)候。]13.A.discouraged B.bannedC.freed D.prevented答案C[A.discouraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脫；D.prevented預(yù)防。根據(jù)下文“fromallthathadbotheredme”可知，作者把自己從幾天來困擾自己的一切中解脫出來。]14.A.brand－new B.non－controversialC.so－called D.win－win答案D[A.brand－new嶄新的；B.non－controversial不會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)議的；C.so－called所謂的；D.win－win雙贏的。根據(jù)下文“insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses”可推理出，這是一場(chǎng)雙贏的游戲。]15.A.unimportant B.improperC.irregular D.illogical答案A[A.unimportant不重要的；B.improper不合適的；C.irregular不規(guī)則的；D.illogical不合邏輯的。根據(jù)下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed”可知，作者認(rèn)為與他人合作并尋求幫助意味著我們都可以成功，并不會(huì)讓我的貢獻(xiàn)變得不重要。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·山東省濰坊市高三二模)DoctorsintheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavefollowedthemeal－timehabitsofmorethan500peopleforsixyears，1.(find)weightchangeismostaffectedbythesizeand2.(frequent)ofmealsratherthantheinterval(間隔)fromfirsttolastmeal.Itchallengesthepopulartrendofintermittentfasting(禁食)3.ausefulweightlossstrategy.Intermittentfasting，alsoreferredtoastime－restrictedfeeding，isadietarystrategywhereallmeals4.(consume)duringashortwindowoftimeeachday.Thesewindowscanextendfrom6to10hours，resultinginapersonessentiallyfastingforupto18hourseachday.Theideareveals5.isnolinkbetweenthetimeofaperson’seatingwindoweachdayandweightchanges.“Basedonotherstudiesthathavecomeout，including6.(we)，wearestartingtothinktimingofmealsmostlikelydoesn’tproduce7.instantimpactonweightloss，”saiddoctorBennett.“Whatdoesmatter，however，isthetotalnumberofmediumandlargemealsapersoneatsovertheday.”Itsuggestssimplyeatingsmallermeals，lessfrequently，is8.ultimatelyleadstoweightloss.Allofthisdoesn’tmeanintermittentfastingstrategieswon’thelp.Butwhatdoesseemincreasinglyclearisthattheweightlossbenefitsoccasionally9.(see)withtheseeat