培優(yōu)練（十三）2025高考英語(yǔ)大二輪考前培優(yōu)練C、D篇強(qiáng)化組合練eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培優(yōu)練（十三）32分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·泉州高三質(zhì)檢)Scientistssaytheplantenset,anEthiopianstaple(主食)，couldbeanewsuperfoodandalifesaverinthefaceofclimatechange.“Thisisacropthatcanplayareallyimportantroleinaddressingfoodsecurityandsustainabledevelopment，”saidauniversityprofessorinAwasa,Ethiopia.Theenset,orthe“falsebanana”，isacloserelativeofthebananabutisconsumedonlyinonepartofEthiopia.Thebanana－likefruitoftheplantisinedible(不宜食用的),butthestemsandrootscanbeprocessedtomakeporridgeandbread.However,Ethiopiaisisolated(隔離)bydrylowlands,whichareunsuitablefortheensettogrow.Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge.Therefore,despiteitswildrelativesdistributingacrossAfrica,theensetisonlyusedasacropinEthiopiaandhasneverbeenwidelyadoptedelsewhere.Usingagriculturalsurveysandmodellingwork，scientistsfoundthecropcouldpotentiallyfeedmorethan100millionpeopleandboostfoodsecurityinEthiopiaandotherAfricancountries.ThestudyresearcherDrJamesBorrelloftheRoyalBotanicGardensKew,saidplantingtheensetasanalternativecropfortoughtimescouldhelpsupportfoodsecurity.“It’sgotsomereallyunusualcharacteristicsthatmakeitabsolutelyuniqueasacrop，”hesaid.Reachingtenmeterstall,asfewas15ensetplantscanfeedapersonforayear.Also,ithasflexibleharvesttimes,isstoredwell,andisrelativelydroughtanddiseasetolerant.Allthesefeatureshaveearneditthename“thetreeagainsthunger”.Thereisgrowinginterestinseekingnewplantstofeedtheworld.Nearlyhalfofallthecaloriesweeatcomefromthreespecies—rice,wheat,andcorn.“Weneedtodiversifytheplantsweusegloballyasastaplebecausealloureggsareinaverysmallbasketatthemoment，”saidDrBorrell.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了只能生長(zhǎng)在埃塞俄比亞的一種植物，這種超級(jí)食物可以在解決食物安全和可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮真正重要的作用。28.Whatcanweknowabouttheenset?A.ItiswidelyconsumedinEthiopia.B.Itsstemsandrootscanserveasastaple.C.Itismainlygrownindrylowlands.D.Itdistributesthroughouttheworld.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thebanana－likefruit...makeporridgeandbread.”可知，這種香蕉模樣的植物的果實(shí)無(wú)法食用，但其根莖可以被加工成粥和面包，即它們可以被食用。]29.Whataffectsthewideadoptionoftheenset?A.Lackofrelatedknowledge.B.Poorqualityoffarmland.C.Lowproductivity.D.Strictstorageconditions.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge...widelyadoptedelsewhere.”可知，這種植物培育和準(zhǔn)備的過(guò)程需要專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，從而導(dǎo)致盡管它的野生近親分布在非洲各地，但它只在埃塞俄比亞被用作作物。由此可知缺乏相關(guān)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)影響了它的廣泛采用。]30.Whichaspectoftheensetistalkedaboutinparagraph5?A.Itsadvantages. B.Itsedibility.C.Itsvariety. D.Itsdistribution.答案A[段落大意題。第五段介紹了這種植物的高度帶來(lái)的好處、靈活的收獲時(shí)間、易儲(chǔ)存并相對(duì)耐旱和抗病等，再結(jié)合該段前兩句可知，此段主要講述了這種植物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。]31.WhatdoesDrBorrellmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Peoplearefedupwithexistingstaples.B.Aworldofbiodiversityisneeded.C.Cropvarietiesshouldbeincreased.D.Foodsecurityhasbeenaddressed.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Borrell博士的話“Weneedtodiversifytheplants...atthemoment”可知，Borrell博士認(rèn)為我們需要使我們?cè)谌蚍秶鷥?nèi)用作主食的植物多樣化，故選項(xiàng)C正確。文中的diversify與選項(xiàng)C中的varieties相呼應(yīng)。](2023·南京六校聯(lián)考)Televisionshowsandmoviesoftenfeaturepeoplewipingtheirfingerprintsoffsurfacesliketabletops，steeringwheels,anddoorknobstoavoidbeingidentifiedbythepolice.However,iswipingasurfaceenoughtoensurethatfingerprintscan’tbeidentified?Itisprovedthatevenifyourfingertipsarenotsoiledbybloodordirt,theywillstillleavebehindchemicalimprintsonthingsyoutouchbecausethesebaceousglands(皮脂腺)underourskinproducesweatandoil.Thisphraseisknownasthe“exchangeprinciple”andformsoneofthebasicprinciplesofforensic(法醫(yī)的)science,whichwaspopularizedbyEdmundLocard,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofforensics,whoshowedthateverytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother,therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem.CrimeSceneInvestigators(CSIs)lookforthreedifferenttypesoffingerprints：patent,plasticandlatent.Thehuntforliftinglatentfingerprintsisthemostchallenging.Sincetheseareinvisibleorbarelyvisible，CSIsmustusechemistrytoenhancesuchprints,ifanyexists.CSIsusetheirtrustybrushandfingerprintpowderstovisualizeprintsfrombothsmoothandtexturedsurfaces.Scientistshavedevelopedamethodthatcanvisualizeprintsfromeventhefaintestfingerprintsleftafterthemetalofaguniswipedoff.Thistechniqueusesacolored－electroactivefilmthatusesinvisiblefingerprintstoblocktheelectriccurrent.Besides,scientistscannowidentifywhohandledthebulletbeforeitwasfiredbyvisualizingcorrosion(腐蝕)onit.Therehavebeenmanyextraordinaryadvancesinforensictechnology,sounfortunately,thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintswillsoonbeamythfromapastera.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。在辦案過(guò)程中，犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查員往往通過(guò)尋找明顯紋、成型紋或潛伏紋鎖定犯罪線索，其中尋找潛伏紋最具挑戰(zhàn)性，但通過(guò)潛伏紋鎖定犯罪嫌疑人這項(xiàng)技術(shù)取得了很大突破。32.What’sthecommonmisunderstandingoffingerprints?A.Fingerprintsareuniqueandstaywithusallourlife.B.Wipingasurfacecan’tguaranteefingerprintscanberemoved.C.Thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintsaregone.D.Ifpeoplewipetheirfingerprintsoffsurfaces,theycan’tbeidentified.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在電視劇和電影里人們常常把自己的指紋從桌面、方向盤(pán)和門(mén)把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察識(shí)別出來(lái)。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，這種做法是人們的一種誤解，即人們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為如果擦去物體表面上的指紋，指紋將無(wú)法被識(shí)別。]33.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Togiveexamples.B.Togiveevidence.C.Topresentthetopic.D.Tomakecomparisons.答案C[寫(xiě)作意圖題。第一段主要講在電視劇和電影里人們常常把自己的指紋從桌面、方向盤(pán)和門(mén)把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察識(shí)別出來(lái)；第二段提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題：擦干凈表面真的足以確保指紋不被識(shí)別嗎？緊接著第三段闡述了“交換原則”，告訴人們即便你的指尖沒(méi)沾染血或污垢，它們?nèi)匀粫?huì)在你觸碰過(guò)的東西上留下化學(xué)印記。第三段回答了第二段的問(wèn)題，因此第二段是過(guò)渡段，起到了承上啟下的作用，旨在引出下文，說(shuō)明指紋被擦掉不能避免被識(shí)別。]34.Accordingtoparagraph3，“exchangeprinciple”worksby________.A.givingandreceivingmaterialB.identifyingtypesoffingerprintsC.dependingondifferentsurfacesD.leavingfingerprintswithdirtyfingertips答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話中的“everytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother，therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem”可知，每當(dāng)兩個(gè)物體相互接觸時(shí)，它們之間就會(huì)發(fā)生物質(zhì)交換。]35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Invisiblefingerprints.B.Threetypesoffingerprints.C.The“exchangeprinciple”.D.Advancesintakingfingerprints.答案D[文章大意題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要介紹了犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查員通過(guò)潛伏紋鎖定犯罪嫌疑人的技術(shù)有了很大進(jìn)步。]Ⅱ.七選五(2023·南京六校聯(lián)考)Planningafamilytrip?Lettheprofessionalshandleit.Intheever－evolvingworldoftravel,usingatravelprofessionaltodecodeyourfamilyvacationoptionscanreallypayoff.Hereareseveralthingstobearinmind：Isittraveltime?Beforethepandemic,planningavacationtooktime,knowledge,patienceandperseverance.Whilethepaceofchangehasslowed，keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible.__1__Heorsheuseshisorherexperienceandskillstomakeeventhemostcomplicatedtravelscheduleareality.Knowhowitworks.__2__Somegetpaidbytravelsupplierssuchasahotelorrestaurant.Otherschargeconsultingfeessometimesdeterminedbythenumberofpeopletravelingandthecomplexityofthetrip.Still，othersrelyonacombinationofboth.Familiesalsobenefitfromtopagents’accesstoupgradesandvalue－addedoptions.Shouldyourtriptakeanunwelcometurn，agoodagentwillhaveyourbacktohelpwithcanceledflights，healthchallengesortheneedforalast－minuteshiftinthetravelschedule.__3__IfyouareeagertovisitaDisneyresort,understandtheevolvingnatureofthecruiseworld,visitaskiresortorexploreaspecificcity,regionorcountry,usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus.__4__They’llknowhowtobookthebestcabins，sortthroughthemealandactivityoptionsandprovideinsightintohoweachmemberofthefamilymightmakethemostofthesailing.Spendyourtimewell.Whetheryou’retravelingwiththekidsorwiththeextendedfamilyforamilestonebirthdayorananniversarycelebration,younodoubthopetoreturnwithtreasuredmemoriesratherthantalesofatripgoingwrong.__5__Withmorefamilieslearningandworkingfromhome,agoodagentcanhelpzeroinondestinationsandlodgingoptionsthatcanmaximizeyourcurrentlifestyle.A.Chooseaspecialist.B.Chooseadestination.C.Thisiswhereatravelagentcancomeintoplay.D.Travelagentscanprovideyouwitharewardingholiday.E.Travelagentsearnmoneybyofferingtheirserviceinvariousways.F.Travelagentsbenefitalotfromtheirplanningthetravelrouteforyou.G.Thoseprofessionalscanselectthebrandthatbestmatchesyourtravelexpectations.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。從是否為旅游的最佳時(shí)間、旅行社的運(yùn)作流程以及選擇一個(gè)有專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)的旅行代理商等方面針對(duì)家庭旅行提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。1.C[根據(jù)空前的“keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible”和空后的“Heorsheuses...scheduleareality”可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)承上啟下，講述旅行代理商在旅行當(dāng)中所起的作用。C項(xiàng)“這正是旅行代理商發(fā)揮作用的地方”符合語(yǔ)境。下文的Heorshe指代選項(xiàng)C中的atravelagent。]2.E[根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Knowhowitworks.”和空后的“Somegetpaid...Otherscharge...othersrelyonacombinationofboth.”可知，有些人的報(bào)酬來(lái)自旅館或餐廳等旅游供應(yīng)商，其他人通過(guò)收取咨詢費(fèi)獲取報(bào)酬，還有一些人的報(bào)酬來(lái)源是這兩者的結(jié)合。E項(xiàng)“旅行代理商通過(guò)各種方式提供他們的服務(wù)來(lái)賺錢(qián)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。]3.A[根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處應(yīng)為本段小標(biāo)題；再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容尤其是“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，本段旨在建議選擇一個(gè)有專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)的旅行代理商。A項(xiàng)“選擇一個(gè)專(zhuān)家?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。]4.G[根據(jù)空前的“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，找一個(gè)有這方面專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)的旅行代理商會(huì)給你帶來(lái)額外的好處；再結(jié)合空后的“They’llknowhowtobookthebest...mostofthesailing.”可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)是專(zhuān)業(yè)人士會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的好處的具體闡述，故G項(xiàng)正確。空后的They指代G項(xiàng)中的“Thoseprofessionals”。]5.D[根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，無(wú)論是和孩子們一起旅行，還是和大家庭一起慶祝里程碑式的生日或周年紀(jì)念，你都希望帶著珍貴的回憶回來(lái)，由此可推知，D項(xiàng)“旅行代理商可以為你提供一個(gè)值得的假期?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2023·濰坊高三測(cè)試)Whenitcomestoancientcivilizations,mostpeoplethinkoftheGreeksandRomans.It’sunderstandableasboth1.____________(shape)modernsocietyinsomewaysofar,whetheritbetheirsocial,cultural,orpoliticalinfluences.However,dozensofcivilizationshadbeenaroundlong2.____________theGreeksandRomans,thelesser－knownJiahupeople3.____________(include).TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,4.____________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.Theareaisrichinartifacts,5.____________(make)itanarchaeologist’sdream.Apartfromtheusualfinds,peoplehaveuncoveredrecordsoftheearliestexamplesofChinesewritingandproof6.____________theywereproducersoftheworld’soldestwine.Otherremarkablediscoveriesweretheoldestworkingboneflutes(長(zhǎng)笛).7.____________(typical)carvedfromthewingboneofacrane,theyweremostlikelyusedinspecialceremonies.Roughweavingtoolsandboneneedlesalso8.____________(unearth)fromthesite,indicatingthatJiahuresidentsmayhavepossessedbasicweavingandsewingskillsfor8，500years.Thesettlement’sendcamearound5，800BCwhenthenearbyriversoverflowedandfloodedthearea.ItisassumedthattheJiahupeoplelefttheirhome9.____________(settle)elsewhere,eventhoughthereisnoindicationasto10.____________thatmighthavebeen.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了鮮為人知的賈湖文化，位于河南省的賈湖地區(qū)文物豐富，是考古學(xué)家夢(mèng)寐以求的地方。不僅如此，人們還在該地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最早的中國(guó)文字的記錄和賈湖人是世界上最古老的葡萄酒生產(chǎn)者的證據(jù)。1.haveshaped[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。該句中的sofar表示“到目前為止”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；又根據(jù)主語(yǔ)為both可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填haveshaped。]2.before[考查介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指早在希臘人和羅馬人之前，就有幾十種文明存在了，故填before。]3.included[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處為非謂語(yǔ)；又因?yàn)镴iahupeople與include之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞included。]4.an[考查冠詞。句中area為可數(shù)名詞，在句中作thecentralplainofancientChina的同位語(yǔ)，指今天的河南省的一個(gè)地區(qū)，此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞；又因?yàn)閍rea的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故填an。]5.making[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空以及后面的itanarchaeologist’sdream在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故填現(xiàn)在分詞making表示自然而然的結(jié)果。]6.that[考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中空處以及后面的部分為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明proof的具體內(nèi)容；又因?yàn)樵摽赵趶木渲胁蛔鞒煞智覜](méi)有意義，故填that。]7.Typically[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填Typically。]8.wereunearthed[考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合上下文可知，“挖掘”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；句子的主語(yǔ)和unearth之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填wereunearthed。]9.tosettle[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。賈湖人離開(kāi)家是為了到別處定居，此處在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填不定式tosettle。]10.where[考查名詞性從句。句中asto為介詞詞組，意為“關(guān)于”，該空引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“即使沒(méi)有跡象表明那有可能是個(gè)什么地方”可知，應(yīng)填where。]C篇Para.1：inthefaceof即使面對(duì)(問(wèn)題、困難等)playanimportantrolein...在……方面起重要作用address常用義：n.地址文章義：v.設(shè)法解決；處理；對(duì)付Para.2：consumev.吃，喝，飲；消耗，耗費(fèi)(燃料、能量、時(shí)間等)processv.加工Para.5：alternativeadj.可供替代的D篇Para.1：feature常用義：n.特點(diǎn)，特征文章義：v.由……主演wipev.擦干凈；抹掉identifyv.識(shí)別；認(rèn)出；找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)Para.3：soil常用義：n.土壤文章義：v.弄臟popularizev.推廣；宣傳；使普及Para.4：enhancev.增強(qiáng)；提高；增進(jìn)visualizev.使形象化texturedadj.起紋理的；質(zhì)地不平的D篇譯文：事實(shí)證明，即使你的指尖沒(méi)有沾染血或污垢，它們也會(huì)在你接觸的東西上留下化學(xué)印記，因?yàn)槲覀兤つw下的皮脂腺會(huì)分泌汗液和油脂。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培優(yōu)練（十五）32分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·湖北重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)AnunlikelyscandalaffectedtheBritishgovernmentgreatly.Afterthegovernmentwasforcedtocancelthe“A－level”examsthathelpdetermineuniversityadmission,theBritisheducationregulatorusedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhatscoreeachstudentwouldhavereceivedontheirexam.Thealgorithmreliedinpartonhowtheschool’sstudentshadhistoricallyfaredontheexam.Schoolswithricherchildrentendedtohavebettertrackrecords,sothealgorithmgavewealthystudents—eventhoseontrackforthesamegradesaspoorstudents—muchhigherpredictedscores.High－achieving,low－incomepupilswhoseschoolshadnotpreviouslyperformedwellwerehitparticularlyhard.Afterthreatsoflegalactionandwidespreaddemonstrations,thegovernmentbackeddownandcanceledthealgorithmicgradingprocessentirely.Thiswasn’tanisolatedincident：IntheUnitedStatessimilarissuestroubledtheInternationalBaccalaureateexam,whichusedanopaque(不透明的)artificialintelligencesystemtosetstudents’scores,promptingprotestsfromthousandsofstudentsandparents.Theseepisodeshighlightsomeofthetrapsofalgorithmicdecision－making.Astechnologyadvances,companies,governments,andotherorganizationsareincreasinglyrelyingonalgorithmstopredictimportantsocialoutcomes,usingthemtodistributejobs,forecastcrime,andeventrytopreventchildabuse.Thesetechnologiespromisetoincreaseefficiency,enablemoretargetedpolicyintervention,andremovehumanimperfectionsfromdecision－makingprocesses.Butcriticsworrythatopaquemachinelearningsystemswillinfactreflectandfurtherkeepshortcomingsinhoworganizationstypicallyfunction—includingbyestablishingtheracial,class,andgenderprejudicesofthesocietiesthatdevelopthesesystems.Butthereisanevenmorebasicconcernaboutalgorithmicdecision－making.Evenintheabsenceofsystematicclassorracialprejudice,whatifalgorithmsstruggletomakeevenremotelyaccuratepredictionsaboutthetrackofindividuals’lives?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種被用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)學(xué)生在考試中可能獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)的算法。盡管該算法在社會(huì)很多方面正被運(yùn)用著，但是該算法對(duì)學(xué)生并不公平，所以人們反對(duì)它在教育上的應(yīng)用。28.WhydidtheauthormentionA－levelexamsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexposeascandal.B.Topresentanexample.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toarousepublicconcern.答案C[寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Afterthegovernment...ontheirexam.”可知，在政府被迫取消幫助決定大學(xué)錄取的A級(jí)考試后，英國(guó)教育監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)使用一種算法來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)每個(gè)學(xué)生在考試中會(huì)獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)，再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可推知，作者在第一段中提到A級(jí)考試是為了引出話題。]29.Whoareprobablyinfavorofthealgorithmicgradingsystem?A.Averagestudentsfromtopschools.B.StraightAstudentsfromtopschools.C.Averagestudentsfrombetter－offfamilies.D.StraightAstudentswithdisadvantagedbackgrounds.答案A[推理判斷題。通讀第二段可知，該算法在一定程度上取決于該校學(xué)生以往的考試成績(jī)。有富裕孩子的學(xué)校往往有更好的成績(jī)記錄，所以算法給富裕學(xué)生——即使是那些與貧困學(xué)生成績(jī)相同的學(xué)生——更高的預(yù)測(cè)分?jǐn)?shù)。所在的學(xué)校在之前表現(xiàn)不佳的成績(jī)優(yōu)異、低收入學(xué)生受到的打擊尤其嚴(yán)重。據(jù)此可推知，頂尖學(xué)校的普通學(xué)生可能會(huì)支持算法評(píng)分系統(tǒng)。]30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thealgorithmicgradingsystemresultedinlegalaction.B.Algorithmicdecision－makingisnotnecessarilyreliable.C.Algorithmicdecision－makingdevelopssystematicprejudices.D.TheBritishgovernmentapprovesofthealgorithmicgradingsystem.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butcriticsworry...developthesesystems”可知，批評(píng)者擔(dān)心，這種算法的運(yùn)作方式存在缺點(diǎn)。由此可推知，算法決策不一定是可靠的。]31.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisamajorconcernregardingalgorithmicdecision－making?A.Potentialsystematicclassandracialprejudice.B.Increasingdependenceonitspredictedoutcomes.C.Potentialfeaturestokeeptrackofanindividual’slife.D.Furtherapplicationtoforetellanindividuals’fortune.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀尾段可知，對(duì)于算法決策還有一個(gè)更主要的問(wèn)題：即使沒(méi)有階級(jí)或種族偏見(jiàn)，如果算法很難對(duì)個(gè)人的生活軌跡做出哪怕是微乎其微的準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)呢？據(jù)此可知，預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人命運(yùn)的進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用是算法決策的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。](2023·廣東六校聯(lián)考)Dreams，accordingtoCarlJung，revealacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy，theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陳代謝的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong－termconsequencesforourmemorysystem.OnestudyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes；inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon－REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon－REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti－depressant(抗抑郁藥)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti－depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon－REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswelookatdietandexercisehabits.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了做夢(mèng)和睡眠之間的關(guān)系，以及做夢(mèng)的缺乏給我們帶來(lái)的損害。32.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Dreams，accordingto...duringwakingconsciousness.”可知，CarlJung認(rèn)為夢(mèng)揭示了在清醒意識(shí)中一些被隱藏的現(xiàn)實(shí)，即夢(mèng)會(huì)反映現(xiàn)實(shí)。]33.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.答案C[寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可推知，我們是否做夢(mèng)，與睡眠時(shí)長(zhǎng)及睡眠過(guò)程中的快速眼動(dòng)是有直接關(guān)系的，所以第三段對(duì)睡眠過(guò)程進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)菫榱俗C明做夢(mèng)問(wèn)題和睡眠問(wèn)題是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。]34.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon－REMsleep.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Volunteersthatexperienced...requiringcreativesolutions.”可知，經(jīng)歷了更多快速眼動(dòng)睡眠的志愿者更善于解決需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性解決方案的問(wèn)題。由此可推知，做夢(mèng)讓人更具有創(chuàng)造力。]35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.答案B[文章大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段闡述了做夢(mèng)的重要性，做夢(mèng)的缺乏會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)?yè)p害；第二段介紹了做夢(mèng)的缺乏會(huì)對(duì)我們的免疫系統(tǒng)、新陳代謝和記憶造成損害；第四段說(shuō)睡眠和做夢(mèng)結(jié)合起來(lái)可以起到穩(wěn)定情緒的作用；第五段說(shuō)我們正以許多方式為缺乏做夢(mèng)付出代價(jià)。由此可推知，本文主要介紹了做夢(mèng)的缺乏對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)是可怕的。]Ⅱ.七選五(2023·杭州高三聯(lián)合測(cè)試)MyheartwentouttothedramateacherIreadaboutinarecentnewsitem.EachparentfromherclassinsistedthatshecasttheirownchildasSnowWhite.Thisremindedmeofmyseventhgrademusical—“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”.IdesperatelywantedtoplaytheroleofBecky,thefemaleleadwhowasTom’sgirlfriend.__1__Forstarters,Beckyhadtosingnumeroussolos，andIcouldn’tcarryatune.Ialsodidn’thavelongblondecurlslikeprettyLindaWrightwhowonthepart.Iwasassignedthenon－singingroleofMissWatson，themaid.Ihadtowearanuglydress.AndIhadonlyonelinetolearn，“That’swhatIsay.”__2__MissWatsonwasonstageinquiteafewscenes,andgottorepeat“That’swhatIsay”throughouttheplay.Atlast,ourproductionwasputonstage.ImaginemysurprisewhenMissWatsonmadetheaudiencelaughoutloudeachtimeIpipedupwith“That’swhatIsay”.Ihadn’tknownthatshe—orI—couldbefunny,orthathercharacterwasimportantinmovingtheplotalong.__3__Thatnight,Ibegantounderstandthatbeingthestarmaynotbeanymorefunthanbeingastandoutinasupportingrole.Eachperson,onstageandbackstage,isessentialintheater.Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart,theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.__4__Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.It’sallnoiseandchaos.AndsoIbelieveallchildrenshouldgettheopportunitytoplayMissWatson,tobecomesomeonetheydidn’tknowtheywantedtobe.__5__A.Soitisinlife.B.Itwasnottobe.C.Itwasanythingbutagreatpart.D.MyMissWatsonturnedouttobeahit.E.Ittooktheentirecasttomakeagoodshow.F.Therewasanadvantage,inmyopinion,though.G.Iwouldhopeallchildrencouldbeahitinlife.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文，主要講述了作者小時(shí)候在一次戲劇表演中扮演了一個(gè)小角色，并取得成功的經(jīng)歷。作者認(rèn)為所有的孩子都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)扮演小角色，并希望每個(gè)孩子都能在生活中取得成功。1.B[空前一句講到了作者很想出演Becky這個(gè)角色，但結(jié)合下文中的“Icouldn’tcarryatune...whowonthepart”可知，作者并沒(méi)有如愿，故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。]2.F[空前一句講到了“Ihadonlyonelinetolearn”，而空后則講到MissWatson這個(gè)角色需要在整個(gè)劇的很多場(chǎng)景中重復(fù)這句臺(tái)詞，這無(wú)疑是好的方面，因此F項(xiàng)“然而，在我看來(lái)，有一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。]3.D[結(jié)合空前的“MissWatsonmadetheaudience...‘That’swhatIsay’”可知，作者飾演的MissWatson在那次表演中很受歡迎。故D項(xiàng)“我演的MissWatson很受歡迎?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。]4.A[根據(jù)空前的“Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart，theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.”可知，空前講到了舞臺(tái)上每個(gè)演員都很重要，空后一句講到了“Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.”。由此可知，空前空后將舞臺(tái)表演和生活實(shí)際結(jié)合在了一起，A項(xiàng)“生活中亦是如此。”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。]5.G[結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，最后一段總結(jié)上文，空前一句講到“我相信所有的孩子都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)扮演MissWatson，成為一個(gè)他們不知道自己想成為的人?！保仗帒?yīng)該會(huì)緊扣文章主題“小角色也能大放異彩”來(lái)表達(dá)作者的期待，故G項(xiàng)“我希望每個(gè)孩子都能在生活中獲得成功?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。且G項(xiàng)中的“allchildren”對(duì)應(yīng)上句中的“allchildren”。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2023·南京六校聯(lián)考)Legendhas1.____________thattofuwasdiscoveredbyahealth－consciousChineseprincenamedLiuAnmorethan2，000yearsagowhenhewasmakinganelixir(靈丹妙藥).Herealizedthatsoymilkleftincertainconditionscoagulated(凝固)anddevelopedapudding－likesubstanceandthatwasthebeginningoftofu.It’s2.____________(universal)believedthatmonksvisitingChinabroughttofutoneighbouringcountrieslikeJapan.3.____________EastAsiahasbeeneatingtofuformorethan1，000years,ittookalotlongerforittocatchonglobally.BenjaminFranklin,oneoftheUnitedState’sfoundingfathers,wrotealetter4.____________somesoybeansattachedwhilehewasinLondon,praisingitasa“Chinesecheese”in1770.Theletterwasoneoftheearliestdocumentsonrecord5.____________mentionedtofuintheWest.LiShizeng，6.____________enthusiastoftofu,isoftencreditedwithmakingtofuamorewidelyacceptedfoodoutsideofAsia.It’ssaidthathewasthefirstsentbytheChinesegovernmenttoattendaFrenchmilitaryschool.Heendedup7.____________(study)attheagriculturalschoolinMontargisandwas8.____________(passion)aboutpromotingtofuinFrance.Nowadays,tofu9.____________(serve)inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants,thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.Thedishesandingredientschangeaccordingtotheseasons.Forexample,inoneoftherestaurants,thecurrentmenustartswiththetexture“silken”，10.____________(represent)bytofu.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，講述了豆腐起源于中國(guó)，然后又傳到日本等東亞國(guó)家，豆腐在全球流行起來(lái)卻花了較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在豆腐以一種現(xiàn)代的方式被世人所食用。1.it[考查代詞。Legendhasitthat...是固定句型，意為“據(jù)傳說(shuō)……”，故填it。]2.universally[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。故填universally。]3.While/Although/Though[考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示盡管東亞人吃豆腐已有一千多年，但它在全球流行起來(lái)卻花了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，故填While/Although/Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。]4.with[考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示Franklin在倫敦時(shí)寫(xiě)了一封信，信上附著一些黃豆。故填with。]5.that[考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，且因?yàn)橄刃性~中含有形容詞最高級(jí)，故空處只能填關(guān)系代詞that。]6.an[考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表泛指，又因enthusiast的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故填an。]7.studying[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。endupdoing為固定搭配，意為“以……而告終”，此處指他最終在Montargis的農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。]8.passionate[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示他熱衷于在法國(guó)推銷(xiāo)豆腐，故填passionate。]9.isserved[考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Nowadays并結(jié)合句意可知，此處陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語(yǔ)tofu與serve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)tofu為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填isserved。]10.represented[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，represent與thetexture“silken”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞represented。]C篇Para.1：admissionn.準(zhǔn)許加入，加入權(quán)Para.2：historicallyadv.關(guān)于歷史事件；在過(guò)去，在歷史上previouslyadv.先前地demonstrationn.游行示威；演示；證明tendto往往backdown放棄；認(rèn)輸Para.3：highlightv.突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)advancev.發(fā)展；進(jìn)步abusen.虐待；濫用Para.4：prejudicen.偏見(jiàn)；成見(jiàn)intheabsenceof不存在；缺乏D篇Para.1：consciousnessn.知覺(jué)；意識(shí)conflictn.沖突；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；爭(zhēng)論debatableadj.可爭(zhēng)辯的；有爭(zhēng)議的Para.2：consequencen.結(jié)果；后果adequateadj.足夠的；合格的；合乎需要的Para.3：inseparableadj.(與某事物)不可分離的，分不開(kāi)的D篇譯文：這種趨勢(shì)正在對(duì)我們的免疫系統(tǒng)和新陳代謝系統(tǒng)造成損害，更不用說(shuō)讓我們熬夜的電子產(chǎn)品了，它們正在破壞我們的睡眠模式，這對(duì)我們的記憶系統(tǒng)有長(zhǎng)期的影響。二、C、D篇強(qiáng)化組合練從最近幾年的高考來(lái)看，閱讀理解C、D篇一般為說(shuō)明文或者議論文，難度較大，是閱讀理解的“壓軸題”，更是制約高考高分的瓶頸，因此閱讀要得高分，必須從突破C、D篇入手，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，定向突破，努力提高正答率和做題速度。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培優(yōu)練（十一）32分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·濟(jì)南名校聯(lián)考)ThewatersoffthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStatesaresomeofthefastestwarmingintheworld.NewresearchpublishedinGlobalChangeBiologyshowsthatthisregion’stigersharksaremakingswiftandsignificantchangestotheirrangetocopewithandtakeadvantageoftheextremewarming.NeilHammerschlag,asharkresearcherattheUniversityofMiamiandhiscolleaguescaptured47tigersharksoffsoutheastFlorida,southwestFloridaandthenorthernBahamasandoutfittedthemwithsatellitetrackingdevicestomonitorthesharks’movementsfrom2010to2019.Theteamcombinedthesenew,detailedtrackingdatawiththetimesandlocationsof8，764tigersharksthatwerecaughtandtaggedbyscientistsandfishersbetween1980and2018.Thestudyfoundthatthenorthernedgesofthetigershark’spreferredwatertemperaturerangehaveshiftedabout186milespolewardinthecoldseasonandabout248milespolewardinthewarmseasonoverthelast40years.Meanwhile,theirnorthernedgesshiftabout186milesnorthinthecoldseasonand270milesnorthinthewarmseasoncomparedtothe1980s.Hammerschlagisn’tsurewhattheecologicalresultofalargesharkpressingfarthernorthastheseasheatupwillbe,butoffthecoastofCaliforniagreatwhitesharksareofferinganexampleoftheunpredictablenewinteractionsthatcanoccur.SalvadorJorgensen,asharkresearcherwh