強(qiáng)化練(八)思辨型語篇2025高考英語大二輪專題強(qiáng)化練專題一四選一閱讀強(qiáng)化練(八)思辨型語篇考情速遞：思辨素養(yǎng)是高考英語科三大素養(yǎng)之一，指在使用英語進(jìn)行交際或?qū)W習(xí)時(shí)，獨(dú)立思考與判斷，運(yùn)用科學(xué)思維方式發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題并解決問題的意識(shí)和能力。因此高考試題在選材中會(huì)選取一些思辨氣息濃郁的說明文或議論文，旨在培養(yǎng)同學(xué)們的辯證思維、批判性思維等高階思維能力。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·青島高三期末)“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally？Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpracticesforatleast10，000hours,theywillreach“perfection”，orbecomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best－sellingbook,Outliers：TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco－creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10，000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10，000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10，000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”，whichiswhenapersonpracticesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpracticingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbecominganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion，practicemaynotmakeperfect，butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch，herearesometipsonhowtopracticeeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals；workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent；andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章論證了練習(xí)可能無法達(dá)到完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高。1.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople.D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.答案B[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hementionedthemusicgroup...beforetheybecamesuccessful.”可知，格拉德威爾是通過樂隊(duì)和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例來支持他的1萬小時(shí)理論的。]2.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10，000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough；thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.”可知，Ericsson認(rèn)為，只大量練習(xí)是不夠的，實(shí)踐的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。由此可知，Ericsson可能不同意一萬個(gè)小時(shí)的練習(xí)通向成功這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。]3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice.B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent.D.Warningsforexperts.答案B[段落大意題。第四段提到普林斯頓大學(xué)最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，練習(xí)只占到達(dá)到專家水平的26%；很多人說天賦對(duì)成為專家有很大的影響；另一個(gè)自然因素是身體優(yōu)勢(shì)，這在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中尤其明顯；智商、性格、態(tài)度和起步年齡也是決定性因素，但成為專家并不是一蹴而就的，成功還取決于社會(huì)和環(huán)境因素。由此可知，這段主要講的是成為專家的一些因素。]4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”？A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.答案D[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Inconclusion，practicemay...tosignificantimprovement.”可知，熟可能不能生巧，但刻意的練習(xí)已被證明能帶來顯著的進(jìn)步。再結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容可推知，作者對(duì)“熟能生巧”這一觀點(diǎn)持客觀的態(tài)度。](2023·巴蜀中學(xué)月考)IntherecentlyopenedOurBrokenPlanetexhibitioninLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum，asmallpieceofdarkmaterialcoveredwithfaintholesisonshowinadisplaycontainer.Thenodule(小圓塊)couldeasilybemistakenforcoal，butitstruenatureismuchmoreinteresting.ThenoduleisacombinationofmetalsandoceanographershavediscoveredtrillionsofthemonEarth’soceanfloors.Eachisrichinsomeofthemostimportantelementsformakingtheelectriccars,windturbinesandsolarpanelsthatweneedtoreplacethecarbon－emittingmotors,powerplantsandfactoriesnowdamagingourclimate.Thesenodulescouldthereforehelphumanitysaveitselffromtheilleffectsofglobalwarming,andargueminingcompanieswhosaytheirexploitationshouldberatedaninternationalpriority.Byminingupchunks(厚塊)fromthedeepwecanslowtheburningofourplanet’ssurface.“Wedesperatelyneedsubstantialamountsofmetalscontainedinthesenodulestobuildelectriccarsandpowerplants，”saysHansSmit，chiefexecutiveofFlorida’sOceansMineralsLLC,whichhasannouncedplanstominefornodules.“Wecannotincreaselandsuppliesofthesemetalswithouthavingasignificantenvironmentalimpact.It’sour__only__alternative.”O(jiān)therresearchersdisagree,however.Theysayminingdeep－seanoduleswouldbedisastrousforouralreadystressed,plastic－ridden,overheatedoceans.Delicate,long－livingresidentsofthedeep—shells，fish,coralsandsquids—wouldbeerasedbymining.Atthesametime,mudwithpoisonousmetalswouldbesentupwardstodisturbthemarinefoodchains.“Itishardtoimaginehowseabedminescouldworkablyoperatewithoutdestroyingtheoceanspecies，”saysUKmarinebiologistHelenScales,aviewsharedbyDavidAttenborough,whohascalledforapauseonalldeep－seaminingplans.“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem,anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(實(shí)體)involved，”hesays.Forbetterorworse,thesemineralnodulesaregoingtoplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture—eitherbyreleasingusfromourcurrentecologicalheadachesorbystimulatingevenmorefataloutcomes.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了深海開采礦物小圓塊的利弊。5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenoduleondisplay?A.Aninterestingartificialartwork.B.Adifficult－to－tellchunkofcoal.C.Anoceanicpiecerichinmetals.D.Acontainerforelectricmaterials.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenoduleisacombination...onEarth’soceanfloors.”可知，這種小圓塊是金屬的結(jié)合體，海洋學(xué)家在地球的海底發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)萬億種金屬。由此可知，展出的小圓塊是從深海開采來的且富含金屬元素。]6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ouronlyalternative”inparagraph4referto?A.Newtechnologyforpowerplants.B.Massiveproductionofelectriccars.C.Landexploitationformoreminerals.D.Underwaterminingforspecificmetals.答案D[詞義猜測(cè)題。第四段陳述的是支持深海開采的HansSmit的觀點(diǎn)，故可猜測(cè)該段中畫線部分的“ouronlyalternative”指的是特定金屬的水下開采。]7.WhatisDavid’smajorconcernfordeep－seanoduleexploitation?A.Thedisorderlymovementsofoceanspecies.B.Thedisturbanceofecologicalbalanceatsea.C.Theoperationalworkabilityforseabedmining.D.Theunevendistributionofprofitsamongentities.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem，anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(實(shí)體)involved”可知，在這種情況下，它意味著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞，這是一個(gè)值得每一個(gè)相關(guān)實(shí)體高度關(guān)注的問題。由此可推知，David主要擔(dān)心深海開采會(huì)破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，打破它的平衡。]8.Whydothemineralnodulesplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture?A.Theycanbeusedbothforgoodandforbad.B.Theirexploitationcanbringopposingeffects.C.Theycontainbeneficialandharmfulelements.D.Theirexploiterscannotreachagreementtillnow.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，這些礦物小圓塊要么把我們從目前令人頭痛的生態(tài)問題中解脫出來，要么引發(fā)更致命的后果。由此可推知，礦物小圓塊在決定我們的未來方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用是因?yàn)樗鼈兊拈_采可能會(huì)帶來相反的效果。](2023·武漢高三質(zhì)檢)IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete－mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.AndIrespond，“Transfer(轉(zhuǎn)學(xué))tohighschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofthefirst－ratemodernwisdom！”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee－mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards(共同核心國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear，DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard，whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCoreStateStandardsInitiative,said，“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays，‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear，tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwroteinanewformat—atravelessay,ascreenplay，anapologye－mail—Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently：anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。針對(duì)美國(guó)教育系統(tǒng)的問題，作者認(rèn)為要提高寫作水平可以閱讀各種類型的讀物，如小說、詩歌、演講等，以促使自己用不同的方式思考詞匯。高中閱讀不應(yīng)該只提倡非小說類紀(jì)實(shí)作品，學(xué)校的工作更應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)教會(huì)學(xué)生溝通。9.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A.Proud. B.Satisfied.C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Iwasnotworriedabout...readingmaterial.”可知，當(dāng)自己的專欄作品被用于學(xué)生的作業(yè)時(shí)，作者對(duì)此很擔(dān)心。]10.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A.Stressnonfiction.B.Readmorefiction.C.Teachmarketanalysis.D.Encouragewriting.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thenewcurriculum...emphasisonnonfiction”可知，新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使高中英語閱讀清單轉(zhuǎn)向強(qiáng)調(diào)非小說類紀(jì)實(shí)作品。而DavidColeman作為新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的其中一個(gè)首席創(chuàng)造者，他應(yīng)該也強(qiáng)調(diào)非小說類紀(jì)實(shí)作品。]11.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech?A.Tocreatewords. B.Tobetterhiswriting.C.Totellastory. D.Tofollowtheformat.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“ButwhenIwant...aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech”可知，為了提高寫作水平，使自己能用不同的方式思考詞匯，作者閱讀小說、詩歌并聽喬治·布什的演講。]12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.答案D[文章大意題。通讀全文可知，本文首句“Iwasnotworried...mycolumnasreadingmaterial”是文章主題句。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了作者對(duì)美國(guó)教育系統(tǒng)問題的擔(dān)心和質(zhì)疑。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使高中英語閱讀清單轉(zhuǎn)向強(qiáng)調(diào)非小說類紀(jì)實(shí)作品，但作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校不應(yīng)該僅僅教會(huì)學(xué)生工作，更應(yīng)該教會(huì)學(xué)生溝通。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2023·錦州高三期末統(tǒng)考)GoingtoZhangjiajieremindspeopleofthemountainsinAvatar.Forthosewholovenature,ZhangjiajieNationalParkis1.____________musttovisit.ItisnowaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,onethathasseentourismboom,stimulatingeconomic2.____________(grow),andprovidingalotofjob3.____________(opportunity)forthelocals.Overtheyears,therockcavesandkarst(喀斯特)formations4.____________(lead)peopletocallita“fairyland”.Theparkhasthickforests,deepcanyons,unusualpeaks,caves,andpillar－like(像柱子似的)rockformationsblanketedthroughoutthepark.Thesepillar－likerockformationsare5.____________theparkisfamousforaroundtheworld.Oneofthefastestandmost6.____________(effort)waystoexperiencetheareaisbyridinguptheworld’stallestoutdoorelevator.The326－meter－tallglassBailongElevator7.____________(build)ontothesideofacliffatthestartofthiscenturyandoffersamazingviewsofthepark.ZhangjiajieNationalParkisalsohome8.____________manyendangeredspeciesofanimalsandplants,andtheChinesegovernmenthastakenconservationefforts9.____________(preserve)thelandscape,whichwill10.____________(undoubted)helpbalancetheecosystembetterformorepeopletoenjoytheout－of－this－worldscenery.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。介紹了被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn)：張家界國(guó)家公園。1.a[考查冠詞。句意：對(duì)于熱愛大自然的人來說，張家界國(guó)家公園是一個(gè)必游之地。該空后must作名詞意為“必做之事，必備之物”，可數(shù)名詞，此處主語及謂語動(dòng)詞都使用了單數(shù)形式，且該空表泛指，must的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，應(yīng)填不定冠詞a。]2.growth[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：它現(xiàn)在是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn)，一個(gè)見證了旅游業(yè)繁榮，刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，并為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┝舜罅烤蜆I(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的地方。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)名詞作賓語，前面有形容詞修飾。所給詞grow為動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式growth符合題意。]3.opportunities[考查名詞的數(shù)。句意同上題。該空需要一個(gè)名詞作賓語，所給詞opportunity為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面alotof可知，應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填opportunities。]4.haveled[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：多年來，巖洞和喀斯特地貌已使得人們稱它為“仙境”。所給動(dòng)詞lead在句中作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Overtheyears可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故填haveled。]5.what[考查名詞性從句。句意：這些柱狀的巖層是公園聞名世界的原因。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，并指代事物在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)使用what。]6.effortless[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：體驗(yàn)該地區(qū)最快、最輕松的方式之一就是乘坐世界上最高的戶外電梯。該空需要一個(gè)形容詞與fastest并列作定語；根據(jù)句意，乘坐戶外電梯應(yīng)該是最快捷又最不費(fèi)力氣的方式。所給詞effort為名詞，形容詞effortless符合題意。]7.wasbuilt[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：百龍電梯高326米，建于本世紀(jì)初的懸崖邊，在這里可以看到公園的美景。所給動(dòng)詞build在句中作謂語，主語glassBailongElevator應(yīng)是被建造，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；電梯已在使用，建造時(shí)間應(yīng)該是過去，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填wasbuilt。]8.to[考查介詞。句意：張家界國(guó)家公園也是許多瀕危動(dòng)植物物種的家園，中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)采取了保護(hù)措施來保護(hù)景觀，這無疑將有助于更好地平衡生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，讓更多的人享受到這個(gè)世間罕有的風(fēng)景。固定短語behometo意為“擁有，是……的原產(chǎn)地/故鄉(xiāng)/所在地”符合句意。]9.topreserve[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意同上題。該空所給動(dòng)詞preserve在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填topreserve。]10.undoubtedly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意同第8題。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞help，所給詞undoubted為形容詞，其副詞拼寫為undoubtedly。]A篇Para.1：expressionn.表達(dá)Para.2：naturaladj.自然的；天賦的successfuladj.獲得成功的B篇Para.3：humanityn.人類；人性exploitationn.開采C篇Para.1：columnn.(報(bào)刊的)專欄，欄目；(書、報(bào)紙印刷頁上的)欄assignv.分配(某物)；分派，布置(工作、任務(wù)等)regularlyadv.經(jīng)常；有規(guī)律地commentaryn.評(píng)論；評(píng)論性文章(或書籍)；實(shí)況報(bào)道Para.2：dramaticallyadv.劇烈地，明顯地；戲劇性地，夸張地emphasisn.重點(diǎn)B篇譯文：每一種都富含制造電動(dòng)汽車、風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽能電池板所需的一些最重要的元素，我們需要這些元素來取代排放碳的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、發(fā)電廠和工廠，它們正在破壞我們的氣候。C篇譯文：直到我開始寫專欄之后，我才開始擔(dān)心美國(guó)的教育體系，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)有英語老師把我的專欄布置為閱讀材料。強(qiáng)化練(二)隱含推斷題與觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題解題提示：1.隱含推斷題：要求準(zhǔn)確定位原文信息，理解關(guān)鍵詞句的言外之意。2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：畫出文中體現(xiàn)作者或者所敘述人物感情色彩和態(tài)度的語句，并且要熟悉常見選項(xiàng)的含義。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·湖南六校聯(lián)考)DeepakChopraisanAmericanauthorwhowasborninIndiain1946.Heisawell－knownandrespectedadvocateofalternativeapproachestomedicine.Hehaswrittensome80booksandproducedseveralvideosthatpromotehisphilosophyoflife.Afteracareerinconventionalmedicine,hebecameinfluencedbyMaharishiMaheshYogiandadoptedanapproachtomedicinebasedonspiritualityandconsciousness.Essentially,heviewsthehumanbodyasawholeunit,andbytreatingthewhole,apersoncanachieve“perfecthealth”.Hedescribesthisstateasbeingfreefrompain,disease,andtheagingprocess.ForChopra,thementalstateofapersonaffectseveryotherpartofhisbody,includinghisspirit.Fromthis,allaspectsofaperson’slifeareinfluenced，includinghissociallife,workinglife,relationships,andeventheenvironmentaroundhim.PartofthetreatmentsthatChopraencouragesismeditation(冥想)，whichaimstocalmthementalstateofthepatient.Healsobelievesthatthepowerofthemindcanbeusedtocorrectimbalancesinthebody.Hesuggeststhatseriousillnessescanbecuredorpositivelyaffectedbythepowerofthemind.Chopra’sphilosophyoflifegoesbeyondjustmedicalmatters.Manyofhissayingscanbeappliedtoeverydaylifeandthepursuit(追求)ofhappiness.Hebelievesthattoachievehappiness—whichforhimistheultimatemeasureofsuccess—requirespositivechoicestobemade,andthatonlywhenweareintherightmentalstatecanwedothat.Forhim,partofthejourneytowardsultimatehappinessistheabilitytoreflectandmeditate.Inotherwords,weallshouldadoptaphilosophicalapproachtolifeandthusfreeourimaginations,creativity,andtheabilitytoactwithfreewill.Thepromotionofself－awarenessisalsoanaspectofChopra’sphilosophy.Self－awarenesscomesfromtheabilitytomakechoices,andtherearechoicestobemadethroughoutone’slife,andthosechoicesoftenrequirebothdynamicactionandmeditativerelaxation.Throughself－awareness,wecanknowthatwecanmakethosechoicesfromaninformedposition.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要講述了DeepakChopra對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)幸福的看法和他的生活哲學(xué)。1.What’sChopra’sconceptof“perfecthealth”？A.Abodythatcanstanddailyactivities.B.Aperfectfunctionofaperson’smind.C.Agoodconditionofapartofthebody.D.Well－beingforthewholebodyandmind.答案D[隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Essentially，heviews...apersoncanachieve‘perfecthealth’...theagingprocess”和第三段內(nèi)容可知，Chopra認(rèn)為“完美健康”指的是全身心的健康。A項(xiàng)“能忍受日?；顒?dòng)的身體”，B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人大腦的完美功能”，C項(xiàng)“身體一部分的良好情況”，D項(xiàng)“全身心的健康”。]2.WhatcanweknowaboutChopra’sviewaboutthepowerofthemind?A.Itisoflittlehelptoourphysicalhealth.B.Ithasthesameeffectasdailyexercise.C.Itgreatlyinfluencesthecureofillnesses.D.Itmightleadtoimbalancesinthebody.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Hesuggeststhatseriousillnessescanbecuredorpositivelyaffectedbythepowerofthemind”可知，Chopra認(rèn)為精神的力量極大影響著疾病的治愈。]3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsuitChopra’sviewabouthappiness?A.Itisthebaseofone’ssuccessinhisfield.B.Onlyinpropermentalstatecanwegetit.C.Itcanbegainedthroughoureffortsinwealth.D.Itistheabilitytoforgetthepastandgiveup.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“andthatonlywhenweareintherightmentalstatecanwedothat”可知，只有精神狀態(tài)良好，人才能得到幸福。]4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetoChopra’stheory?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Subjective. D.Oppositive.答案A[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知，作者在全文中講述了Chopra對(duì)獲得幸福的看法和他的生活哲學(xué)，并未對(duì)其理論發(fā)表看法，因此，作者對(duì)Chopra的理論持客觀的態(tài)度。](2023·濟(jì)南名校聯(lián)考)Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.Peoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringthepandemicandhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast－spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasindevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitandtheirabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderservedpopulations.Nationslackinginschools，hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AstheeconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets，buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了新興經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展艱難，但數(shù)字革命可以拯救新興經(jīng)濟(jì)。5.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomiesfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasindevelopedones.”可知，數(shù)字革命在新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體都發(fā)展良好。]6.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieswitheasyaccesstodoctorsandbanks.答案B[隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Incountrieswherepeople...establishingonlineservices.”可以推斷，那些缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的國(guó)家更容易接受數(shù)字服務(wù)。]7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable. B.Hopeful.C.Depressing. D.Challenging.答案B[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“theeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun...tocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld”可以看出，作者對(duì)數(shù)字化的前景充滿了希望，故B項(xiàng)正確。depressing“令人抑郁的；令人沮喪的；令人消沉的”。]8.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.答案A[文章大意題。文章第一段講到了新興經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展面臨困難；第二段提出了對(duì)應(yīng)方案——數(shù)字革命；第三段和第四段講述數(shù)字技術(shù)的市場(chǎng)廣泛、前景光明，故A項(xiàng)“數(shù)字技術(shù)拯救新興經(jīng)濟(jì)?！弊钅芨爬ū疚闹髦肌(2023·湖北重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)Solarpanelsthatgrowspinach(菠菜)bypullinginsteamfromtheaircouldofferalow－coststrategytoproducecropsinthedesert,anewstudysays.Anewsystem,calledWEC2P,consistsofsolarpanelscoatedwithhydrogel(水凝膠)，researchersinSaudiArabiareport.Thehydrogel－linedsolarpanelsaremounted(安裝)ontopofalargemetalboxthatturnswatervaporfromtheairintoliquidwaterforgrowingcrops.Overtwoweeksofhotweatherlastsummer,theresearcherswereabletogrowspinachwithacropsurvivalrateof95percent.Accordingtotheexperts,thetechnologyoffersa“l(fā)ow－coststrategy”toimprovefoodandwatersecurity.It’sdescribedas“l(fā)owcost”asthehydrogelsusematerialascheapas$1perkilogram,althoughthecombinedcostofbuildingandadoptingsuchasystemwouldbemuchmore.Aswellaspoweringthegrowthofcrops，harvestingsteamfromtheaircanalsoprovidecleandrinkingwater.“Ourgoalistocreateasystemofcleanenergy，water,andfoodproduction,especiallythewater－creationpartinourdesign，”saidWang.“Ourdesignmakeswateroutofairusingcleanenergythatwouldhavebeenwastedandissuitableforscattered,small－scalefarmsinremoteplaceslikedesertsandoceanicislands.”Commercialsolarpanelscanusuallytransformlessthanaquarterofabsorbedsunlightintoelectricity,whiletheremainderoftheradiationislostasheatorheatsupthepanels,whichinturnreducestheirefficiency.Onepotentialissuewiththesystemisitreliesonhighlevelsofhumidity(濕度)—whenthereisalotofsteaminthesurroundingair—andmaynotbequiteaseffectiveinverydryareas.“Theperformanceandfurthermorethecostofthesystemwillhavetobefurtherandsignificantlyimprovedbeforeitcanbemadeeconomicallyattractive，”saidWang.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。一種名為WEC2P的新系統(tǒng)由涂有水凝膠的太陽能電池板組成，可以通過從空氣中吸收蒸汽來種植菠菜，為在沙漠中種植作物提供一種低成本的策略。9.Whichbestdescribestheresearchers’spinachplantinglastsummer?A.Costly. B.Demanding.C.Profitable. D.Unattractive.答案C[隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知，這種太陽能電池板可以為在沙漠中種植作物提供一種低成本的策略；根據(jù)該段尾句可知，在去年夏天兩周的炎熱天氣中，研究人員種植了菠菜，作物存活率達(dá)到95%。由此可推知，研究人員去年夏天的菠菜種植是有好處的。C項(xiàng)“有好處的”。]10.Whyisthetechnologydescribedas“l(fā)owcost”？A.Becauseit’seasytocollectsteamfromtheair.B.Becauseofthelowcostofbuildingthesystem.C.Becauseoftheextensiveapplicationofthesystem.D.Becausethematerialusedinhydrogelsisinexpensive.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，這種技術(shù)被認(rèn)為低成本是因?yàn)橛糜谒z的材料很便宜。]11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetechnologyinparagraph4?A.Itmakesupfortheweaknessesofcommercialsolarpanels.B.Itwillbewidelyusedonlargefarmsinremotedesertareas.C.Mostofthesunlightabsorbedistransformedintoelectricity.D.Absorbedsunlightreducestheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.答案A[隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句可知，商業(yè)太陽能電池板通常只能將吸收的不到四分之一的陽光轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，而其余的輻射以熱量的形式損失掉，或者加熱電池板，這反過來又降低了它們的效率。結(jié)合第四段的第一句可知，第四段中提到的技術(shù)彌補(bǔ)了商業(yè)太陽能電池板的缺點(diǎn)。]12.HowmayWang’steamimprovetheperformanceofthesystemlater?A.Bystayingawayfromverydryareas.B.Byreducingdependenceonhumidity.C.Byincreasingresearchcosts.D.Byincreasingthelevelofhumidityintheair.答案B[隱含推斷題。根據(jù)尾斷的第一句可知，該系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)潛在問題是它依賴高濕度——當(dāng)周圍空氣中有大量蒸汽時(shí)——在非常干燥的地區(qū)可能不太有效。據(jù)此可以推知，Wang的團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)通過減少對(duì)濕度的依賴來提高系統(tǒng)的性能。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·長(zhǎng)沙高考適應(yīng)性考試)OnedayChristopherColumbuswasatapartythataSpanishgentlemangaveinhishonor.Peopleweresaying，“Whatagreat__1__youhavemade！”However，severalpeoplepresentwereenviousofhim.TheybegantotrytomakeColumbus__2__.“Youhavediscoverednew__3__beyondtheseas，”theysaid，“butwhatofthat?Anybodycan__4__acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.Itisthe__5__thingintheworld.Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)__6__feat(功績(jī)).”Columbusmadeno__7__，butafterawhilehetookaneggfromadishandsaidtothecompany，“Whoamongyou,gentlemen,canmakethisegg__8__onend？”“That’simpossible，”thehostreplied.“Youwouldneedtobea__9__todothat.”O(jiān)nebyone,thoseatthetable__10__theexperiment.__11__，noneofthemsucceeded.Afterashortsilence,Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend__12__uponthetablesoasto__13__theshell(殼)alittle.Afterthat,therewasno__14__inmakingitstandupright.“Gent