GrammarUnit5Revealingnature

UsingLanguage1.Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Activity1.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aDarwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...bManypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolved

fromlowerformsoflife.Insentence(a),“evolvedfromacommon

ancestor”happenedfirst.Insentence(b),“evolvedfromlowerformsof

life”happenedfirst.Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertain

pastaction.UsinglanguageaDarwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...bManypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolved

fromlowerformsoflife.Ineachsentence,boththetwoactionshappenedinthepast,ActionBhappenedfirst,ActionAhappenedlater.Inthissituation,pastperfectisusedtodescribeActionBandsimplepastisusedtodescribeActionA.SummaryActionAActionBUsinglanguageActivity1.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.pastperfectsimplepastWhatispastperfecttense?Definition表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。肯定句：

被動(dòng)：否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：eg：She

said

she

had

graduated

fromuniversity.

eg.Ididn’tknowthewaytoJohn’shousebecauseIhadn’tbeentherebefore.eg.Theworkhadbeenfinishedbyhim

beforelastFriday.haddonehadnotdone=hadn’tdonehadbeendone

Had+主語(yǔ)+done+其他成分特殊疑問(wèn)詞+had+主語(yǔ)+done+其他成分PastPerfectFormsby+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

到...為止bytheendof+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)bythetime+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)bythen到那時(shí)before+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

在...之前eg.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.eg.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadfinishedhalfoftheproject.

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.Itwas＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))自從...以來(lái)，已經(jīng)多久了eg.Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.

基本用法

翻譯句子_______________________________________________________我離開(kāi)北京至少有3個(gè)月了。ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.2.Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞+time＋(that)從句

(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))這是某人第幾次做某事eg.It

wasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.

基本用法

翻譯句子_______________________________________________________這是他第三次犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.3.在“________________________________”句型中，主句用___________，從句用______________。譯為“一......就......”eg.

NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.

eg.Hardlyhadhelefthisofficewhenthetelephonerang.hardly...when/

nosooner...than/

scarcely...when過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

基本用法

翻譯句子___________________________________________________我剛到學(xué)校門(mén)口，鈴就響了。HardlyhadIreachedtheschoolgatewhenthebellrang.4.want,hope,mean打算,plan,intend打算,expect希望,suppose以為,think以為

等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望/打算/計(jì)劃，意為“本想要/計(jì)劃/以為”。eg.Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.

eg.Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.

基本用法

補(bǔ)全句子______________________________butcouldn’tgetthereintime.他們本來(lái)想要幫忙的，但未能及時(shí)趕到這兒。TheyhadwantedtohelpExerciseWe____________(paint)thehousebeforewemovedin.Paul_______(go)outwithJaneafterhehad

madeaphonecall.3)Tomsaidhe__________(read)thebooktwice.4)他說(shuō)自從1989年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠(chǎng)工作。Hesaid____________________________since1989.5)我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。Ithought_____________________aweekbefore昨晚九點(diǎn)之前我已看完這本小說(shuō)了。

______________________________bynineo'clocklastnight.hadpainted

wenthadreadhehadworkedinthatfactoryIhadsenttheletterIhadfinishedreadingthenovel

Thetrain____________whenIgottothestation.(start)I____________thestationbeforesixo'clock.(reach)Bythetimewearrived,everyone____________medicalcare.(receive)I_____hardly_____homewhentherainpoureddown.(get)5.Shesaidshe__________youyesterday.(see)6.Iwishedthathe___________hisinterview.(pass)7.I____________(intend)tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.hadstartedhadreachedhadreceivedhadgothadseenhadpassedPracticehadintendedCompletetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.

a.Naturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.

b.YuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.

c.YuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.YuanLongping_____________todoresearchonhyaridricebecausenaturaldisasters______________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he____________abettertypeofrice.beganhadledtodeveloped1Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.GregorMendelchosetostudypea豌豆plantsbecausetheircharacteristics特征/性wereeasytocontrol控制.GregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.GregorMendeldiedin1884GregorMendel___________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1894,he___________________discoveriesaboutgenetics.chosetohadmadeimportant2Completetheonlineencyclopediaentrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.LonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise平塔島象龜.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge’sdeath死亡,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclared宣布

extinct滅絕的.

LonesomeGeorge百科全書(shū)條目Completetheonlineencyclopediaentrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.

compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)奪 decline下降，減少 eatlive introduce引進(jìn) arriveTheextinction滅絕ofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedon歸咎于humans.Beforehumans__________ontheisland,thespecies___________inisolation獨(dú)立and___________theplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.Georgewasdiscovered發(fā)現(xiàn)manyyearsaftertheirarrival,andbythenhumans______________newspeciesthat_________forthefoodthetortoisesate.Aftergoatsinparticular尤其hadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulation種群____________.Eventually最終,onlyGeorgeremained保留.arrivedhadlivedhadeatenhadintroducedcompeteddeclined

1.___________________（上周日，我本打算出去散步，但是在早上就開(kāi)始下雨,intend）.SoIwenttothemovieswithmybestfriend.2.___________________________________（當(dāng)我起床的時(shí)候，我的狗已經(jīng)把桌子上我的早餐都吃了。bythetime）.ThenIwenttoseethefilm,hungry,3.______________________（但是當(dāng)我到電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)放映20分鐘了。beon放映）.4._____________________________（這是我第一次和我最好的朋友一起看電影。）anditwasthemostinterestingmoviethatIhadwatched!5._____________________________（我一走出電影院就遇見(jiàn)了我的同班同學(xué)們hardly......when.....）Wehaddinnerandtalkedhappily.6.___________________________________（但是當(dāng)我要付錢(qián)的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢(qián)包和手機(jī)被偷了）Whatanunluckyday!Microwriting(Mary’sjournal)1.LastSunday,Ihadintendedtogoforawalk,butitbegantorainearlyinthemorning.2.BythetimeIgotup,mydoghadeatenallmybreakfastonthetable.3.butwhenIarrivedatthecinema,thefilmhadbeenonfor20minutes.4.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadseenafilmwithmybestfriend.5.IhadhardlygotoutofthecinemawhenImetsomeclassmates.6.ButwhenIwasgoingtopay,Ifoundmywalletandmobilephonehadbeenstolen.

VocabularybuildingCompletetheparagraphswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.(P55)The

GalapagosIslands

are

renowned

worldwidefortheiruniquebiodiversity.

The

Giant

Tortoise

Reserve

onSanta

Cruz

1_________several

species

ofgiant

tortoise

that2___________theGalapagosIslands.The

island

is

also

home

tothe

Charles

DarwinResearch

Station,

where

3________studies

arecarriedout.ancestor

scientific