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Chapter2RelevantcostsandbenefitsfordecisionmakingManagementAccountingforDecisionMakersTenthEditionLEARNINGOUTCOMESYoushouldbeableto:IdentifyandquantifythecostsandbenefitsthatarerelevanttoaparticulardecisionDefineanddistinguishbetweenrelevantcosts,outlaycostsandopportunitycostsSetoutrelevantcostsandbenefitsanalysisinalogicalformsothattheresultscanbeclearlycommunicatedtomanagersUserelevantcostsandbenefitstomakedecisionsCost-benefitanalysisOutcomesfromacourseofactionaimedatachievingbusinessobjectivesBenefitsCostsResourcessacrificedtoachievethoseobjectivesInvolvesweighingupagainstDefinitionofcostTheamountofresources,usuallymeasuredinmonetaryterms,sacrificedtoachieveaparticularobjectiveTwotypesofcostThevalueofanopportunityforgoneOpportunitycostAcostalreadyincurredHistoriccostFigure2.1AdecisionflowdiagramforidentifyingrelevantcostsRelevantcostIrrelevantcostDoesthecostrelatetotheobjectivesofthebusiness?NoDoesthecostvarywiththedecision?Doesthecostrelatetothefuture?NoNoYesYesYesWhatistheminimumpricethegarageshouldchargeforthelorryaftertheenginehasbeenfitted? £ Opportunitycostoflorry 9,000 Costofnewengine 2,500
11,500
Agaragebuysalorryfor£10,000.
Itrequiresanewenginecosting£2,500thatwilltake20hourstofit.
Thetechnicianswillbepaid£15perhourtofittheengine.
Thetechniciansareshortofworkbutthegaragewishesto
retaintheirservices.
Thelorrycouldbesoldimmediatelyfor£9,000.Whatistheminimumpricethegarageshouldchargeforthelorryaftertheenginehasbeenfitted? £Opportunitycostoflorry 9,000Opportunitycostoftechnicians’time1,000Costofnewengine 2,500
12,500
Agaragebuysalorryfor£10,000.
Itrequiresanewenginecosting£2,500thatwilltake20hourstofit.
Thetechnicianswillbepaid£15perhourtofittheengine.
Thetechniciansarebusyandarechargedoutat£50perhour.
Thelorrycouldbesoldimmediatelyfor£9,000.Figure2.2AdecisionflowdiagramforidentifyingtherelevantcostoflabourJayLtdisbiddingforacontractthatwillrequire800unitsofAlpha.
Thismaterialiscurrentlyheldandinformationisasfollows:Alphaisnolongerusedbythebusiness.WhatistheminimumpriceforAlphaforinclusioninthecontractbid?
800×£12=£9,600HistoriccostResalevalueReplacementcost£/unit£/unit£/unit101214JayLtdisbiddingforacontractthatwillrequire800unitsofAlpha.
Thismaterialiscurrentlyheldandinformationisasfollows:Alphaisinregularuse.WhatistheminimumpriceforAlphaforinclusioninthecontractbid?
800×£14=£11,200HistoriccostResalevalueReplacementcost£/unit£/unit£/unit101214Arethematerialsheldininventories?
YES
NOSalesvalue
oralternativeuseDotheyneedtobereplaced?
YES
Currentpurchasecost
NOCurrentpurchasecostFigure2.3AdecisionflowdiagramforidentifyingtherelevantcostofmaterialsRelevantandirrelevantcostsCoststhatarethesameirrespectiveofwhichdecisionismadeRelevantcostsFuturecoststhatvarywiththedecisionunderconsiderationCoststhatwereincurredasaresultofapastdecisionOpportunitycostsThecostof
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