PAGE1-SectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading課前重點檢測Ⅰ.重點詞匯1．consume(vt.)消費；消耗；耗盡；吃完→consumer(n.)消費者2．graph(n.)圖表；坐標圖；曲線圖3．random(adj.)胡亂的；隨意的4．phenomenon(n.)現(xiàn)象→phenomena(復數(shù))現(xiàn)象5．subscribe(vt.)簽署(文件)；捐助(vi.)同意；捐贈；訂閱6．quantity(n.)量；數(shù)量→quality(n.)質(zhì)量7．tend(vi.)趨向；易于；照看(vt.)照看；護理→tendency(n.)趨勢8．data(n.)資料；數(shù)據(jù)9．oppose(vt.)反對；抗拒；與(某人)較量→opposed(adj.)反對的；對立的10．mild(adj.)溫順的；溫順的；淡的11．consequence(n.)結(jié)果；后果；影響→consequently(adv.)因此；所以12．state(vt.)陳述；說明→statement(n.)說明；說法；表明13．range(n.)種類；范圍14．glance(vi.)掃視；看一下(n.)一瞥15．steady(adj.)平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily(adv.)平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地16．result_in導致17．subscribe_to同意；贊助；訂閱18．quantities_of大量的19．go_up上升；增長；升起20．tend_to往往；傾向于21．keep_on持續(xù)22．build_up積累；增加23．be_opposed_to反對24．come_about發(fā)生25．even_if即使Ⅱ.教材原句1．Wedependonenergy________(do)manythingsinourdailylives.答案：todo2．Makealistofthethings________consumeenergyinyourhome,school,oranyotherplacesyoucanthinkof.答案：that3．So________hasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?答案：how4．Thereisnodoubt________theearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivity________hascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.答案：that;that5．Theproblembeginswhenweaddhuge________(quantity)ofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.答案：quantities6．Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmosphere________(cause)theglobaltemperaturetogoup.答案：causing7．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted________thisincreaseincarbondioxide.答案：in8．Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,________areopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.答案：who9．Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmental________(consequence)．答案：consequences10．Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker;cropswillproducemore;itwillencouragea________(great)rangeofanimals—allof________willmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.答案：greater;which課堂分段精講[第1段]1．Sohowhasthiscome_aboutanddoesitmatter？(教材P26)那么，這種溫度的增長是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢？會產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？comeabout發(fā)生；造成①Thedriverwouldn'ttellmehowtheaccidentcame_about.司機就是不告知我事故是怎樣發(fā)生的。②How_did_it_come_about_thatyouwereanhourlate?你怎么會遲到一小時？③Generallyspeaking,magazinescome_outatstatedperiods.一般來說，雜志定時出版。名師點津comeabout是不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)中，常指事情不受人限制地突然發(fā)生。常用句型：Howdiditcomeaboutthat...？“……是怎么發(fā)生的？”；Itcameaboutthat...“……發(fā)生了”。辨析：happen,breakout,takeplace,comeabout與occurhappen一般用語。指偶然、意外的，未能預(yù)見事情的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)。其后接不定式或用在“Ithappens/happenedthat...”句型中續(xù)表breakout指“(斗爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”takeplace指“按支配、支配做……”；可引申為“進行，實行”comeabout表示“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問句和否定句中occur可指“偶然發(fā)生”，也指“支配發(fā)生某事”；occur還表示“突然想到”，常用于“Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...”句型中④I'llneverunderstandhowitcame_aboutthatyouwerelatethreetimesaweek.我恒久不會理解你怎么會一周遲到三次。⑤Aleapyearoccurseveryfouryears.每四年出現(xiàn)一次閏年?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉鋵懽鳍僖呀?jīng)10點了。我在想那么短的路途她遲到兩小時是怎么回事。It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit______________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.②我偶然遇見了那個正睡在橋下的孩子。I________________thechildsleepingunderthebridge.③在激烈探討之后，我們找到了這個問題的解決方法。Afteraheateddiscussion,we____________________thesolutiontothequestion.④我突然想到其次天晚上將有一場中國隊和韓國隊的籃球競賽。Itsuddenly________________methattherewouldbeabasketballmatchbetweenChinaandSouthKoreathenextevening.答案：①cameabout②cameacross③cameupwith④occurredto[第2段]2．There_is_no_doubt_thattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.(教材P26)毫無疑問，地球是在轉(zhuǎn)暖(見表1)，全球轉(zhuǎn)暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……[剖析]此句為主從復合句，名詞doubt后面為that引導的兩個并列的同位語從句。構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)：Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”。①There_is_no_doubt_thattheSyrianshavesufferedalotfromthewar.毫無疑問，敘利亞人民因為斗爭而遭遇了很多苦痛。②There_is_some_doubt_whetherthesecreaturescanunderstandourmeansofcommunication.這些生物能否懂得我們的溝通方式值得懷疑。③I_doubt_whether/ifhecancomeontime.我懷疑他能否按時來。④Hishonestyisbeyond_doubt.他的誠懇毋庸置疑。名師點津及物動詞doubt后接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導的賓語從句；在確定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導的賓語從句?！炯淳盎钣?】單句寫作①Hehadhisdoubts________________________(他們是否會給)himanotherchancetohaveatry.②Heis________________(毫無疑問)theclevereststudentI'veevertaught.③Theiracceptanceofthecontractisstill____________(不確定)．答案：①whethertheywouldgive②withoutdoubt③indoubtrandomadj.胡亂的；隨意的①Theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.信息是按隨機依次處理的。②Hetookabookat_randomfromtheshelf.他從書架上隨意拿了一本書?！炯淳盎钣?】單句語法填空①Theterroristsfiredintothecrowd________random.②Nameswerechosen________(random)fromalist.答案：①at②randomly[第3段]3．Allscientistssubscribe_totheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.(教材P26)全部科學家都同意這個觀點，即地球溫度的上升，是由于人們?nèi)紵衩骸⒆匀粴夂褪瓦@樣的化石燃料來生產(chǎn)能量而引起的。subscribeto同意；贊成；訂購；定期捐款給……①Ifyousubscribe_tothenewspaper,it'llbedeliveredtoyourdoor.假如你訂閱報紙，它會被送到門口的。②Hesubscribes_toanenvironmentalactiongroup.他定期捐錢給一個環(huán)保行動組織。③Ihaveneversubscribed_totheviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.我從未贊同過這樣的看法，認為學生時代是一生中最歡樂的日子?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉湔Z法填空①Isubscribed________amonthlymagazine.②Thenumberofphone________(subscribe)increasedlastmonth.答案：①to②subscribers4．Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.(教材P26)當我們在大氣層中增加了大量的額外的二氧化碳的時候，問題就來了。quantityn．數(shù)量①Q(mào)ualityinsteadofquantityshouldbefocusedonforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheindustry.為了工業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，應(yīng)當關(guān)注質(zhì)而不是量。②Quantities_offoodandtentsweresenttothedisasterarea.大量的食品和帳篷被運到災(zāi)區(qū)。③A_large_quantity_ofbookshavebeenofferedtous.大量的書被供應(yīng)應(yīng)我們。④Buyvegetablesin_small_quantities,_foryourimmediateuse.蔬菜不要多買，現(xiàn)買現(xiàn)用。名師點津(1)aquantityof與quantitiesof后可接不行數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。(2)“aquantityof＋不行數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)依據(jù)of后名詞的形式而定?！皅uantitiesof＋不行數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式”作主語時，謂語動詞均用復數(shù)。【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Heconsumedalargequantity________alcohol.②Hugequantitiesofoil________(be)spillingintotheseaatpresent.答案：①of②are(2)單句改錯AlargequantityofairconditionershasbeensoldsinceJune.________________________________________________________答案：has→have5．Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogo_up.(教材P26)這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。tendvi.趨向；易于；照看vt.照看；護理①Myfamilytend_tobequitelong－lived.我家族的人大都相當長壽。②Hisviewstend_towardstheextreme.他的觀點趨于偏激。③Doctorsandnursestendedtotheinjured.醫(yī)生和護士護理傷員。【即景活用1】單句語法填空①Shetends________(get)angrywhenothersdisagreewithher.②Ashepherdtends________thesheep.③Thedrugiseffectivebuthasa________(tend)tocauseheadaches.答案：①toget②to③tendencygoup上升；增長；升起①Wewatchedthenationalflaggo_upslowlywithpride.我們驕傲地凝視著國旗漸漸升起。②Don'tgo_againstyourparents'wishes.不要違反父母的意愿。③Besureyouareright,thengo_ahead.確信正確，切莫畏縮。④Itwillbewisetogo_overyourtestpaperagain.還是把你的考卷再檢查一遍的好。⑤Thecountryhasgone_throughtoomanywars.這個國家經(jīng)驗了太多的斗爭。名師點津goup為不及物動詞短語，不行用于被動語態(tài)中。【即景活用2】單句寫作①價格已經(jīng)上漲到每分鐘1.95美元，這超過了我的支付實力。Thecosthas________________$1.95aminute.It'sbeyondmyabilitytopay.②她擔憂沒有鞋子能和她的禮服相配。Shewasworriedabout________________herdress.③隨著歲月的消逝，祖母的身體也更加瘦弱了。Mygrandmotherwasbecomingweaker____________________.答案：①goneupto②nothavingshoestogowith③astimewentby[第5段]6．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.(教材P26)他們還贊同下述觀點：正是由于越來越多燃燒化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。resultin導致圖解助記辨析：resultin,resultfrom,asaresult與asaresultofresultin表示“引起某種結(jié)果”，句子的主語是緣由，in的賓語是結(jié)果resultfrom意為“因……而發(fā)生”，主語為結(jié)果，賓語為起因asaresult意為“結(jié)果，因此”，在句中作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號和句子隔開asaresultof意為“作為……的結(jié)果”，即由某事引起①Stressandtirednessoftenresult_inalackofconcentration.驚慌和疲憊常導致人精神不集中。②Theterribleaccidentresulted_fromhiscarelessness.那起可怕的意外事務(wù)因他的疏忽大意而引起。③Tombrokehislegs,as_a_result,_hewastakentohospital.湯姆的腿骨折了，因此被送進了醫(yī)院。④As_a_result_ofherhardwork,shewasfinallyadmittedtoheridealuniversity.她勤奮苦讀，最終考進了她志向的高校。⑤Hewentovereachnumberagain,butwithout_result.他把每個數(shù)字又檢查了一遍，卻仍沒有結(jié)果?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉鋵懽鳍賹е聝扇怂劳龅氖鹿试从隈R虎駕駛。Theaccidentthatresulted________thedeathoftwopersonsresulted________carelessdriving.②結(jié)果，壞事變成了好事。__________________，thebadthingturnedintoagoodone.③這場沖突使他同時失去了居處和生計來源。________________thisconflict,helostbothhishomeandhismeansofbusiness.答案：①in;from②Asaresult③Asaresultof[第6段]7．Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.(教材P27)在另一方面，還有一些人，像喬治·漢布利，反對這個觀點，他們認為我們不必擔憂空氣中有高含量的二氧化碳。opposevt.反對；對抗；與(某人)較量①Manypeopleare_opposed_toanychangetothecurrentlegislation.很多人反對對當前立法進行任何改動。②Iopposeyourgoingtherealone.我反對你單獨去那里。名師點津“反對/同意(做)某事”的多種表達：(1)“反對(做)某事”的表達有：beopposedto(doing)sth.,oppose(doing)sth.,objectto(doing)sth.,beagainst(doing)sth.。(2)“同意(做)某事”的表達有：agreetodosth.,beinfavourofsth.,befor(doing)sth.,subscribetosth.?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉湔Z法填空①Itwasnottheplanthatwewereopposed________.②Aftertheprofessorwasopposedto________(carry)outtheproject,themediafocusedonit.③Theeffectofthemedicationwas________(oppose)tothatintended.答案：①to②carrying③opposite8．Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequences.(教材P27)他們預(yù)言說，變暖的狀況不會很嚴峻，對環(huán)境的影響也不會太壞。consequencen．結(jié)果；后果；影響①Don'tbeuneasyabouttheconsequences.不必為后果憂慮擔憂。②Wedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin_consequencewehadtowalk.我們沒有足夠的錢買車票，所以只能步行。③Heisamanof_little_consequenceintheLabourParty.他是工黨中無足輕重的人物。④Hehadbeenillforalongtimeandconsequentlyhewasbehindinhiswork.他病了很久，因此耽擱了功課。【即景活用】單句語法填空①In________(consequent)ofhishardwork,hewasawardedheavilybythecommittee.②Idon'tsupposeitisof________consequencenow.答案：①consequence②any9．Infact,Hambleystates,_“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivething.Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker;cropswillproducemore;itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.”(教材P27)事實上，漢布利是這樣說的：“二氧化碳含量的增加事實上是件好事，它使植物生長更快，莊稼產(chǎn)量更高，還能促進動物的增多——全部這些都能改善人類的生活?！眘tatevt.陳述；說明①Thewitnessstatedthathehadnotseenthewomanbefore.該證人說他從未見過這個女人。②Theroadsarein_aterriblestateaftertheseverewinterweather.嚴冬過后，這些馬路的路況很差。③Wemustpaytaxestothestate.我們應(yīng)當向國家交稅?！炯淳盎钣?】(1)單句語法填空①Havingwitnessedtheaccident,Ithoughtitwasmydutytomakea________(state)tothepolice.②Shewepttoseehim________suchamiserablestate.答案：①statement②in(2)單句寫作據(jù)稱，那家醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療水準在不斷下降。________________thatstandardsatthehospitalweredropping.答案：Itwasstatedrangen．種類；范圍圖解助記①Theelegantladycamewithin_my_range_ofvision.這位優(yōu)雅的女士進入了我的視野。②Thefrontierranges_fromthenorthernhilltothesoutherncoast.邊界從北部山地始終延長到南部海岸。③A_wide_range_ofcoloursandpatternsareavailable.各種顏色和樣式都有。④Rangethecardsintheorderoftheletters.把卡片按字母依次排列?！炯淳盎钣?】(1)單句語法填空①Wecan'taffordthehouse,becausethepriceiswell________ourrange.②Shehasawiderangeofinterests,________(range)fromplayingchesstoswimming.答案：①beyond②ranging(2)單句寫作這家餐館因其供應(yīng)的適合各種口味和消費水平的顧客的食物而廣受歡迎。Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforits____________foodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.答案：widerangeof[第7段]10．Even_ifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.(教材P27)即使我們起先削減二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體的含量，在(將來)幾十年或幾個世紀內(nèi)，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。evenif引導的讓步狀語從句[剖析]本句中的從句為evenif引導的讓步狀語從句，連接詞意為“即使；盡管”。①Even_if/thoughyoutravelinidealweather,seajourneyswilltakealongtime.即使你旅行的天氣志向，海上旅行所花的時間也較長。②Although/Thoughpoor,theyarehonest.盡管窮，但他們很誠懇。③WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.盡管我情愿幫忙，但是我沒有多少時間。④Tryas/thoughhemight(＝Howeverhardhetried＝Although/Thoughhetriedashardaspossible),hecouldn'topenthedoor.他想盡了方法也沒能打開門?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉湔Z法填空①Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimetostaywithhissoneven________hewantsto.②Even________hewasgettingangry,hisvoiceremainedlevel.答案：①if/though②though/if11．Glancequicklyatthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions.(教材P27)快速閱讀雜志文章，并回答下列問題。glancevi.看一下；掃視n．一瞥glanceat閱讀①Tomglanced_at/took_a_glance_atthenewspaperheadlines.湯姆匆忙看了一眼報紙的大標題。②At_first_glancetheproblemseemedeasy.乍一看問題好像很簡單。辨析：stareat,glanceat,glimpseat與glareatstareat長時間的盯著看。有艷羨或驚異的意思glanceat匆忙一看，瞥視?？吹臅r間短暫，強調(diào)動作glimpseat無意識的一瞥。強調(diào)結(jié)果glareat怒目而視。有敵對心情③It'srudetostare_atourguest.盯著我們的客人看是粗魯?shù)摹＂躎hemanagerglanced_atthedocumentandsignedhisname.經(jīng)理閱讀了文件，并且簽了名。⑤Iglimpsed_atheramongthecrowdjustnow.剛才我在擁擠的人群中瞥見了她。⑥Thedogglared_atthestrangerandbarked.狗怒視著這個生疏人，狂叫著?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)單句語法填空Shetookarapidglance________meandloweredhereyes.答案：at(2)單句寫作①竊賊匆忙環(huán)顧了一下，便溜進了那幢房屋。Theburglartookaquick________________andthenstoleintothehouse.②他一眼就看出了問題所在。Hecouldtell_____________whatwaswrong.答案：①glancearound②ataglance課后演練提能課后演練一Ⅰ.完形填空Pollutionhasbeenknowntoexistforaverylongtime,andweknowatleastsincepeople__1__usingfirethousandsofyearsago.Ithasseenthegrowthoftrulyglobalproportionsonlysincetheonsetofthe__2__revolutionduringthe19thcentury.Environmentalpollutionisaproblembothindevelopedand__3__countries.Factorssuchaspopulation__4__andurbanization(城市化進程)invariablyplacegreatdemandsonthe__5__andstretchtheuseofnatural__6__tothemaximum.Environmentalpollutioniscausingalotofdistressnotonlytohumansbutalsoto__7__，drivingmanyanimal__8__toendangermentandeven__9__.Thetrans-boundarynatureofenvironmentalpollutionmakesitevenmoredifficulttomanage—youcannotbuildstonewallsalongthe__10__ofyourcountry.Everythingonourplanetisinterconnected.Andthenaturesuppliesuswithvaluableenvironmentalserviceswithout__11__wecannotexist.Weall12eachother'sactionsandthewaywetreatnaturalresources.It'swidely__13__thatwearehugelyoverspendingourcurrentbudgetofnaturalresources—__14__theexistingratesofitsexploitation,andthereisnowayfortheenvironmentto__15__ingoodtimeandcontinue“performing”well__16__.Perhapsweshould__17__aholisticviewofnature—itisnotanentitythatexistsseparatelyfromus;thenatureisus,wearea(n)__18__partofit,andweshould__19__itinthemostappropriatemanner.__20__thencanwepossiblysolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.篇章導讀：本文是一篇爭論文。污染自從幾千年前人類用火的時候就起先了，19世紀工業(yè)革命時期起先突出顯現(xiàn)。污染是無國界的，我們要用整體的觀點去看待大自然，即我們是大自然的一部分，只有用最合適的方式關(guān)愛大自然，我們才可能解決污染問題。1．A.finished B．startedC．stopped D．a(chǎn)voided答案：B數(shù)千年前，人們起先(start)運用火。句意：我們知道污染存在已久，至少從人類幾千年前起先運用火時。2．A.industry B．industrialC．industrialism D．industrious答案：B依據(jù)句中的時間狀語及其次段中關(guān)于城市化進程的描述可知，此處表示工業(yè)革命(industrialrevolution)起先時。3.A.developing B．developsC．poor D．rich答案：A依據(jù)常識，世界上的國家分為兩類，一類是發(fā)達國家，一類是發(fā)展中國家。developingcountries“發(fā)展中國家”。4.A.rise B．raiseC．increase D．growth答案：D名詞短語“人口增長”有兩種表達形式：populationgrowth和increaseofpopulation。5.A.country B．groundC．planet D．space答案：C句意：諸如人口增長、城市化進程等因素都不行避開地對我們的星球提出了巨大的需求。planet“星球”，符合語境。6.A.energy B．resourcesC．source D．strength答案：B依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“人類最大程度地運用著自然資源”。resource“資源”，符合語境。7.A.animals B．plantsC．people D．man答案：A依據(jù)空前的humans和空后的animal可知，應(yīng)選A項。8.A.species B．kindsC．groups D．society答案：A依據(jù)英語表達習慣及本句句意可知，species“物種”，符合題意。9.A.exist B．existenceC．existing D．extinction答案：D前面說“……使很多動物物種處于危急中”，然后用了even說明后果更加嚴峻，故選D項。extinction“滅亡”。10.A.boundary B．forestC．border D．soil答案：C依據(jù)句意可知，環(huán)境污染的“無國界性”使它更加難以限制——你不行能在國家的邊界建一道道石墻。border“邊界；國界”，為正確選項。boundary“界限；分界線”，一般指在行政區(qū)域內(nèi)，而不是國與國之間的界限。11.A.that B．whichC．/ D．where答案：B定語從句的引導詞位于介詞后且先行詞為物時，引導詞應(yīng)用which。12．A.takepartin B．a(chǎn)ttendtoC．lookat D．dependon答案：D上句說“自然供應(yīng)應(yīng)我們賴以生存的環(huán)境資源”，故此處表示“我們都相互依靠著彼此的行為和對待自然資源的方式”。dependon“依靠；依靠”，符合題意。13．A.heard B．recognizedC．reported D．said答案：B句意：我們都意識到，我們正過度揮霍大自然現(xiàn)有的資源。recognize“意識到”。14．A.by B．inC．with D．a(chǎn)t答案：D表示“以……的速度、進度”，用介詞at。15．A.recover B．removeC．react D．recreate答案：A依據(jù)上文語境：人類過度運用自然資源可知，人類沒有方法使環(huán)境剛好復原(recover)。16．A.nowadays B．inthefutureC．recently D．a(chǎn)tpresent答案：B由continue“接著”可知，inthefuture“在將來”，符合題意。17．A.express B．conveyC．a(chǎn)dopt D．a(chǎn)dapt答案：C本句意為：或許我們應(yīng)當實行(adopt)一種整體的觀點去看待大自然……18．A.alienable B．separatedC．inalienable D．divided答案：C自然就是我們，我們是自然不行分割的一部分，所以應(yīng)以最恰當?shù)姆绞綄Υ?。inalienable“不行分割的”，符合題意。19．A.carefor B．becarefulC．lookout D．takecare答案：Acarefor“愛惜；照看；照料”，此處表示愛惜自然環(huán)境。其余三項意為“當心”，均不符合題意。20．A.Until B．SinceC．Only D．Till答案：C本句的語序為倒裝語序。在英語中以“only＋狀語”放在句子開頭時，句子要運用倒裝語序。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2024·陜西省部分學校摸底檢測)Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthepatch—about40,000metrictons—withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhavebeenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandformtheskeletoneq\a\vs4\al(W1)ofthemachine,creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.Thesystem,originallydreamtupbyMrSlat,willbeshippedoutthissummertotheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,betweenHawaiiandCalifornia,whichcontainsestimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethepatchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.MrSlatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea.“Thereweremorebagsthanfishdownthere，”herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwitheq\a\vs4\al(P)asolution,quituniversityaftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.MrSlatsaysthefirstplastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone.“Weashumanitycreatedthisproblem,soIthinkit'salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit，”hesays.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)coversanareaof1.6millionsquarekilometersandcontainsatleast79,000tonsofplastic,researchfoundlastmonth.Mostofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.Ghostgearkillsmorethan100,000whales,dolphinsandsealseachyear,accordingtoscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarineeq\a\vs4\al(W2)lifeareincreasinglybeingfounddeadwithstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedintheseathinkingit'sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Othersaretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledeq\a\vs4\al(W3)orsuffocatedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)byghostgear.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的獨創(chuàng)。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Waste. B．Ocean.C．System. D．Machine.答案：A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段畫線詞前的“collecthalfof”，第四段第一句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最終一句中的“partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”，故選A。2．WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?A．Fishingvessels. B．Dolphinsandseals.C．Gianttubes. D．Abandonedfishinggear.答案：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Mostofitismadeupof‘ghostgear’—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。3．WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?A．Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.B．Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.C．Becausetheydon'tlikeeatingplastic.D．Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.答案：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段倒數(shù)其次句中的“butthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知，太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因為它們不能真正地進食。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.B．Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.C．Informationaboutoceanplastic.D．Thereasonforinventingamachine.答案：B主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的獨創(chuàng)。第一段“Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.”點明白文章的主題，故選B。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．skeletonn.(建筑物等的)構(gòu)架；框架；骨架2．marineadj.海洋的；海產(chǎn)的3．stranglevt.抑制；扼死4．suffocatevt.(使某人)窒息而死eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)comeupwith(突然)想起B(yǎng)(2024·廣東省惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試)WorkersatanIndianstart-upcompanyarebusycuttingmetalintopiecesandusingthemtomakeunusualdevices.Companyofficialssaythesedeviceswillcapturesmokefromdieseleq\a\vs4\al(W1)generatorsandturnitintoink.YoungengineersbelievethetechnologywillhelptocleanuptheairinNewDelhi,India'scapital.Itsairqualityisamongthedirtiestintheworld.PeopleoftenblamethemillionsofcarsonthestreetsofNewDelhiforeq\a\vs4\al(P1)theairpollution.Butanotherbigreasonisthecity'sdieselgenerators.Industriesandbuildingsusethehugemachinestolightuphomesandofficesduringpoweroutageseq\a\vs4\al(W2).Theseoutagesoftenstrikeinthesummermonths.ArpitDhuparisoneofthethreeengineerswhosetupthestart-upcompanyChakrInnovation.Hesaysthatpollutionfromcarsandothervehiclesgetsallthemediaattention,butaddsthat“thesilentpollutersarethedieselgenerators”.Dhupardecidedtofindawaytofightairpollutionthreeyearsago.Atthetime,hesawawallblackenedfromthesmokecomingfromadieselgenerator.ThissightledtothecreationofChakrInnovation.Dhuparhadpersonallyexperiencedtheeffectoftheairpollution.HedevelopedbreathingproblemswhilegrowingupinDelhi.Afterovertwoyearsofresearchanddevelopment,ChakrInnovationhasbegunsellingdevicestocapturepollutionfromdieselgenerators.Todateeq\a\vs4\al(P2)，thedeviceshavebeensetupin50places,includingprivatebusinesses.Thetechnologyinvolvescoolingtheairpollutionina“heatexchanger”wherethedirtyparticlescometogether.Thesearethenmovedintoanotherareathatcaptures70to90percentoftheparticulate(微粒的)matter.Thecarbonisisolatedfromtheemissionsandturnedintoink.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenalotoftalkaboutimprovingDelhi'sairbyreducingvehicularpollutionandmakingstrongerrulesforvehiclemanufacturers.Butthesamehasnothappenedfordieselgenerators.Thereareeffortstopunishbusinessesthatdirtytheair,butthisoftenleadstothemfindingwaystogetaroundeq\a\vs4\al(P3)therules.TusharMathurworksatChakrInnovation.Hefeelsthatturningsmokeintoinkisausefulsolution.Hecallsthetechnology“awin-winbetweenbusinessesandtheenvironment”.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，通過介紹印度新德里的環(huán)境狀況，向我們介紹了把煙變成墨水的一種改善環(huán)境的解決方法。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthedevicesfromParagraph1?A．Theyaremadeinabigcompany.B．Theyarecutintopiecesofmetal.C．Theycanturndirtysmokeintoink.D．Theywillcertainlycleanupthedirtyair.答案：C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Companyofficialssaythesedeviceswillcapturesmokefromdiesel(柴油)generatorsandturnitintoink.”可知，它們可以把污濁的煙變成墨水。6．TheairpollutioninNewDelhimaybethemostseriousin________.A．March B．JulyC．September D．December答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段可知，在新德里除了車輛所產(chǎn)生的污染物外，柴油發(fā)電機是空氣污染的另一個重要的緣由，而最終一句說明夏天是停電的高峰期，而柴油發(fā)電機明顯是在停電期間運用最多，可推斷出夏季很可能是空氣污染最嚴峻的季節(jié)，故選B項。7．WhatcausedDhupartofoundChakrInnovation?A．Thedeterminationtofightairpollution.B．Thedevelopmentofbreathingproblems.C．Themediaattentiontovehicularpollution.D．Thesightofawallblackenedbysmoke.答案：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Atthetime,hesawawallblackenedfromthesmokecomingfromadieselgenerator.ThissightledtothecreationofChakrInnovation.”可知，一堵被煙熏黑的墻使Dhupar創(chuàng)立了ChakrInnovation，故選D項。8．Whenthedeviceworks,howarethedirtyparticlesgatheredtogether?A．Bycoolingthepollutedair.B．Byisolatingtheemissions.C．Bymovingthedirtyparticles.D．Bycapturingtheparticulatematter.答案：A細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段第一句“Thetechnologyinvolvescoolingtheairpollutionina‘heatexchanger’wherethedirtyparticlescometogether.”可知，在一個“熱交換器”里冷卻空氣污染物就能使臟顆粒聚集起來。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．dieseln.柴油機；柴油2．outagen.中斷供應(yīng)；電力中斷eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)1．blame...for因……而責怪2．todate至今；迄今為止3．getaround躲避課后演練二[基礎(chǔ)題]Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Manysmallfactoriesinthatcountrycloseddownforlackoff________.答案：fuels2．Hes________thathehadneverseenhimbefore.答案：stated3．Heiso________tocurrenttrendsinlanguagelearning.答案：opposed4．Theobjectoftheseexperimentswastofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwop________.答案：phenomena5．Peoplet________toneedlesssleepastheygetolder.答案：tendⅡ.選詞填空comeabout,subscribeto,quantitiesof,goup,resultin,beopposedto,evenif,keepon,rangefrom...to...,buildup1．Howdidit________thatheknewwherewewere?答案：comeabout2．I________anumberofjournalsconcernedwithmysubject.答案：subscribeto3．Inflationmayberising,if(itis)so,priceswill________.答案：goup4．Thereformhas________tremendouschangesinourcountry.答案：resultedin5．Publicopinion________thewar.答案：wasopposedto6．Thissupermarkethasvariousthings,________food________clothes.答案：rangingfrom;to7．________Ihavetowalkalltheway,I'llgetthere.答案：Evenif8．________goingtillyoucometoaredbrickbuilding.答案：Keepon9．Hehas________hisownbusiness.答案：builtup10．Thepolicediscovered________armshiddeninthecave.答案：quantitiesofⅢ.單句語法填空1．Hewouldbeopposedto________(change)theplan.答案：changing2．Youcan'talwaysdependonothers________(help)you.答案：tohelp3．Thoughheislessthanoneyearold,heisstrongenoughtowalk________(steady)．答案：steadily4．Those________(trap)intheburningbuildingmanagedtoescape.答案：trapped5．David,oneofmybestfriends,didnotsubscribe________myproposal,which,ofcourse,mademeratherdisappointed.答案：to6．Thestreetwasblockedas________consequenceoftheheavysnow.答案：a7．After________(glance)atthebaby,themotherleftquickly.答案：glancing8．Howdid________comeaboutthattheprisonerescapedfromtheprison?答案：it9．Theconditionwasleftuntreated,eventually________(result)inblindness.答案：resulting10．Youshouldeatalittle________ifyoudon'tlikethefood.答案：evenⅣ.單句改錯1．Whetherhecancontinuetoworkinthecompanydependswhetherhecangraspthechance.__________________________________答案：depends后加on/upon2．ItwaslastsummerwhenIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.__________________________________答案：when→that3．Idon'tsubscribetotheviewwhichgirlsareslowerthanboysinmiddleschool.__________________________________答案：which→that4．Thesepolicieshaveres