2025高考復(fù)習(xí)03閱讀理解之推理判斷題2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)專

題目錄CONTENTS01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點(diǎn)突破·考向探究04拓展提升·新題精練六大考向，真題研析+核心精講+命題預(yù)測(cè)緊扣新風(fēng)向，設(shè)題新語境，聚焦重難點(diǎn)01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計(jì)推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全國(guó)甲卷6浙江卷1月1考點(diǎn)目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計(jì)推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力2023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全國(guó)甲卷5全國(guó)乙卷8浙江卷1月4考點(diǎn)目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計(jì)推理判斷考查根據(jù)文章中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力2022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全國(guó)甲卷全國(guó)乙卷5根據(jù)新高考三年的考情分析，推理判斷題主要集中考查：引申推斷、目的和意圖、作者態(tài)度。有時(shí)考查文章出處、文章走勢(shì)、讀者對(duì)象、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作方法等。所有這些都是新課標(biāo)中明確指出的考試形式，我們都不能忽視，切勿掉以輕心。預(yù)計(jì)在2025年高考推理判斷題占50%以上的閱讀理解小題的比率。以考查引申推斷、目的和意圖、作者態(tài)度為主。02知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點(diǎn)突破·考向探究考點(diǎn)一考查引申推斷題【典例】(2025年1月·浙江卷B篇)WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.考查推理判斷題根據(jù)文章第一段中的WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.（當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常被告知不要吃什么?！澳悴幌胱兣帧痹谖业耐晟钪胁粩嘀貜?fù)。這真的打亂了我與食物的關(guān)系——這是我花了好幾年時(shí)間才克服的。）。由此推知，作對(duì)自己的被喂養(yǎng)的方式持批評(píng)的態(tài)度。故選B。B關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲:第一步：——根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語)。第二步：——對(duì)原文中的信息進(jìn)行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。

2.切勿脫離原文而憑個(gè)人看法主觀臆斷。

定位細(xì)節(jié)

我是解題小能手

揣摩細(xì)節(jié)如何進(jìn)行引申推斷根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行引申推斷得出推斷結(jié)果。引申推斷的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，推斷出文章中事實(shí)的結(jié)論，得出新的判斷；2.推理判斷的結(jié)論不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基礎(chǔ)上，通過邏輯推理得出的結(jié)論。思維導(dǎo)圖引申推斷的設(shè)問方式1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe?2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutfromthelastparagraph?3.Whatcanwelearnfrom?4.Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1.似是而非：只是對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重述，而不是依據(jù)文章提供事實(shí)依據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。2.夸大事實(shí)：對(duì)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)進(jìn)行夸大；有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文一致無需推斷。3.推理過度：選項(xiàng)往往過于絕對(duì)化或片面化(以偏概全)，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語。4.摻入常識(shí)：根據(jù)考生已有常識(shí)是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。

引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。1．

：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。2．

：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)字面意義。3．

：進(jìn)而理解作者的言外之意。

定位信息我是解題小能手

字面理解

深層理解考點(diǎn)二考查目的和意圖題【典例】(2024·新課標(biāo)I卷)Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯確信，隨著時(shí)間的推移，綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來，美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)。)”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。A如何判斷寫作目的和意圖如何判斷寫作目的和意圖目的意圖題的設(shè)問方式Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.

寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。

一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。考點(diǎn)三考查寫作態(tài)度題【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段的““Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。

A如何判斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的設(shè)問方式1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto? 2.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto?3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmaybestbedescribedas.

做此類題目必須透過文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂觀；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。

注意熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。

有：supportive(支持的)；positive(積極的)；optimistic(樂觀的)；enthusiastic(熱情的)等。

有：negative(否定的，消極的)；ironic(諷刺的)；critical(批評(píng)的)；disgusted(厭惡的)；disappointed(失望的)等。

有：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；uninterested(不感興趣的)；objective(客觀的)；neutral(中立的)等。

褒義詞

貶義詞

中性詞

考點(diǎn)四考查描述人物或事件特征【典例】(2025年1月浙江卷)I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory.推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段中的“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.我一直在嘗試這些策略，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我限制時(shí)，它們確實(shí)會(huì)做出更好的決定?！笨芍?作者認(rèn)為她采取的策略是可行的。故選C。C描寫人物事物特征的形容詞generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的;苛求的;費(fèi)力的;要求極嚴(yán)的;難滿足的；impatient不耐煩的；outgoing外向的；easy-going隨和的；organized有條理的；modest謙虛的；optimistic樂觀的；cautious小心，謹(jǐn)慎的；caring樂于助人的;關(guān)心他人的;體貼人的；skillful熟練的;靈巧的;擅長(zhǎng)于(at;in);制作精巧的；responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；determined有決心的；modest謙虛的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒險(xiǎn)的；cooperative有合作意識(shí)的；honest誠實(shí)的；capableadj.有能力的,有才能的；confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奮的；voluntaryadj.自愿的,主動(dòng)的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiasticadj.熱情的描寫人物事物特征的形容詞experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；intelligent聰明的;智能的;有才智的;悟性強(qiáng)的;有智力的;grateful感激的；helpful有幫助的；talkative健談的；athletic運(yùn)動(dòng)型;體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的;健壯的；patient有耐心的；innovative創(chuàng)新的；tolerant忍受的；positive積極的；committed堅(jiān)信的;盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)定的；considerate體貼的；ashamed慚愧的;regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃驚的；satisfied滿意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震驚的；overjoyed過度高興的；pleased滿意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲傷的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤勞的；embarrassed尷尬的；proud自豪的；courageous勇敢的;無畏的；independent獨(dú)立的；sensitive敏感的如何判斷人物和事件的特征人物和事件特征的設(shè)問方式1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes?2.Accordingtothetext,whichwordscanbestdescribe?3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeaccordingtoParagraph...?4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkof?

把描述人物的性格特征的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會(huì)超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。

預(yù)測(cè)每個(gè)詞需要和什么樣的事跡相對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣在考場(chǎng)上就能迅速地找到答案。對(duì)這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提供做題時(shí)間?？键c(diǎn)五考查文章出處【典例】(2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.【典例】(2023?新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)(

)28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.推理判斷題根據(jù)第一段中“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”(《閱讀藝術(shù):書籍愛好者的藝術(shù)》是對(duì)一種日常物品——書籍的頌揚(yáng),在這本書中,書籍被來自世界各地博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品展示。)及下文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是對(duì)于《閱讀藝術(shù):書籍愛好者的藝術(shù)》這本書的介紹。由此可推知,本文可能取自對(duì)一本書的介紹。故選A項(xiàng)。A第一步：

，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞如,poster海報(bào)，travelbrochure旅游指南，journal雜志，instruction說明書,digest文摘，sciencejournal科學(xué)期刊等詞。第二步：

，特別關(guān)注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在應(yīng)用文中，還要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注小標(biāo)題。牢記選項(xiàng)詞。第三步：對(duì)文中信息及各類出處綜合特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)。

掃描題干

瀏覽全文如何判斷文章出處題“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點(diǎn)的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來訪。

文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無處不在，英語閱讀理解也是如此。有時(shí)會(huì)考查微型海報(bào)、通知、啟示、時(shí)刻表、圖表等。

文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語性強(qiáng)、語言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。

旅游指南類

廣告英語類

課件展示類“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會(huì)提供超級(jí)鏈接標(biāo)志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.

文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時(shí)政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實(shí)性。

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科普雜志類“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：

文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點(diǎn)介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。

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圖書評(píng)論類考點(diǎn)六考查預(yù)測(cè)文章走勢(shì)【典例】(2023?全國(guó)乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.【典例】(2023?全國(guó)乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)(

)31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.推理判斷題根據(jù)文章尾句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it

snolonger‘uncool’forboystolikecooking.”可知,隨著越來越多的男廚師出現(xiàn)在電視上,男孩喜歡烹飪已經(jīng)不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下來作者可能會(huì)接著討論電視節(jié)目上的男廚師們。故選B項(xiàng)。B如何判斷文章走勢(shì)文章走勢(shì)的設(shè)問方式1.Whatwillbediscussedfurtherinthecomingparagraph?2．Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?3．Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscussnext?4．Wheredoesthearticlegonext?5.Whatwouldthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?

對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類題目時(shí)，務(wù)必把握作者的寫作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話?？键c(diǎn)七考查寫作手法【典例】(2012?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇)Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.【典例】(2012?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇)68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples推理判斷題根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知：作者采用了舉例子的說明方法。比如：practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem和Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.D

在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對(duì)比等寫作手法。其中，“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同目的就是增強(qiáng)說服力，以更好的達(dá)到說理、說明的目的?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。寫作手法題解題指導(dǎo)類型:1、指文章的組織方式；2、全文或某個(gè)段落所運(yùn)用的寫作方法。題目特點(diǎn):Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?ThisadvertisementismademorebelievablebyTheauthorsupportshisviewbyHowdidthetwoprofessorsreachtheconclusionoftheirstudy?Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?寫作手法題解題指導(dǎo)byanalyzingdifferentcategories分析不同的類別analyzingthereasons分析原因classifying分類comparingdata比較數(shù)據(jù)comparingthestatistics比較統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)conductingexperiments進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)寫作手法題解題技巧根據(jù)"原文定位"來判斷先根據(jù)題干判斷是具體某段還是全文寫作手法，然后尋找標(biāo)志詞，找到答案。⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵作時(shí)間順序。標(biāo)志詞:in1920，inthe1940s⑦bymakingcomparison/contrast通過對(duì)比。標(biāo)志詞:but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications過分類。標(biāo)志詞:first.next.then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通過分析因果。標(biāo)志詞:Thatisbecause⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序。標(biāo)志詞:由近及遠(yuǎn)，由外到內(nèi)考點(diǎn)八考查讀者對(duì)象【典例】(湖南、江西、安徽等地高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A)Writeaonereporttitled“TheBestBookIReadThisYear”andenteritintheBoys’Life2020“SayYestoReading!”contest.Thebookcanbefictionornonfiction.Butthereporthastobeinyourownwords—500wordstops.Enterinoneofthesethreeagecategories:8yearsoldandyounger9and10yearsold11yearsoldandolderFirst-placewinnersineachagecategorywillreceivea$100giftcardfromA.Second-placewinnerswillreceivea$75giftcard;third-placewinners,a$50giftcard.Everyonewhoenterswillgetafreepatchliketheoneonthispage.Thepatchisatemporarysign,soitcanbewornontherightpocketoftheScoutuniformshirt.Proudlydisplayitthereoronanotheritemsuchasavest,plaqueortrophy!Incomingyears,you’llhavetheopportunitytoearnotherpatches.ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders.Besuretoincludeyourname,address,ageandgradeinschoolontheentry.Sendyourreport,alongwithabusiness-size,self-addressed,stampedenvelope,to:Boys’LifeReadingContestS306P.O.Box152079Irving,TX75015-2079EntriesmustbepostmarkedbyDec.31,2020andmustincludeentryinformationandaself-addressed,stampedenvelope.【典例】(湖南、江西、安徽等地高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A)Whoarethecontestintendedfor?A．Allschoolstudents. B．Onlyteenagers. C．Boy’sLifereaders. D．Boystudents.推理判斷題根據(jù)第五段第一句“ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders(比賽面向所有《男孩生活》的讀者開放)”可知，該比賽面向所有《男孩生活》讀者。故選C。C如何解決讀者對(duì)象題？

做此類題目通常從文章內(nèi)容入手，明確所談話題及具體內(nèi)容，體會(huì)作者使用的語言適合于哪一群體，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)入座，從而得出正確判斷。讀者對(duì)象題解題指導(dǎo)1.【提問方式】1)Whoisthepassagewrittenfor_____?2)Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor_____.3)Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?4)Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor______.5)Whomightbemostinterestedinthispieceofinformation?6)Thepassageisprobablywrittenby________.2.【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

要理解短文內(nèi)容，特別是要從作者的措辭和語氣去判斷這篇文章是為誰而寫和哪些人寫的?？键c(diǎn)九考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)【典例】(北京卷·閱讀理解)Wilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(開發(fā))bringstosuchlandscapes(景觀)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavo