初高中英語銜接教學(xué)－－謂語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)第1頁謂語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

謂語動詞時態(tài)：動作發(fā)生時間決定了動詞形態(tài)。

時間名稱主動形態(tài)(以do為例）現(xiàn)在普通現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去普經(jīng)過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去未來時將來普通未來時do或doesis(am/are)doinghave/hasdonedidwas/weredoinghaddonewoulddo或was/weregoingtodowilldo、shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo第2頁1.普通現(xiàn)在時：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時動詞+s改變規(guī)則1)直接加s.如：get/getsplay/plays2)以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加es.如：watch/watches3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加es.如：study/studies第3頁2.現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時：動詞+ing改變規(guī)則1)直接加ing.如：climb/climbing2)去e加ing.如：write/writing3)雙寫加ing.如：run/running第4頁3.A)規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞：動詞+ed普通過去時：變?yōu)檫^去式現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：have/has/had+過去分詞;被動語態(tài)：be+過去分詞

1.直接在詞尾加-ed.如：ask--asked2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾動詞直接加d.如：arrive--arrived3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，y改成i+ed.如：study—studied元音字母+y結(jié)尾，直接+ed如：played4.雙寫最終輔音字母再加ed.如：stop—stoppedB)不規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞（見不規(guī)則動詞表）如：be－was/were-been第5頁give

give/gives2)is/am/aregiving3)have/hasgiven4)gave5)was/weregiving6)hadgiven7)wouldgivewas/weregoingtogive8)willgiveis/am/aregoingtogivelearn1)learn/learns2)is/am/arelearning3)have/haslearned4)learned5)was/werelearning6)hadlearned7)wouldlearn

was/weregoingtolearn8)willlearnis/am/aregoingtolearn第6頁怎樣判斷謂語動詞時態(tài)（動作發(fā)生時間）一.普通現(xiàn)在時(do/does)(表示客觀事實或真理;表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài).慣用時間狀語有sometimes/often/always/usually/seldom/every(morning…)/onSundays/inthemorning等)futurepastnowTheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100℃.3.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.4.Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.5.Columbusprovedthattheearthis

round.第7頁futurepastnow二.普通過去時(did)(表示過去發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài)或過去經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性發(fā)生動作.

常與表示過去詳細(xì)時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示).時間狀語有:lastweek/twodaysago/theotherday/in1990/thismorning/justnow/inthepast/yesterday/often等.注意:凡有詳細(xì)過去時間狀語均用普通過去時Imethiminthestreetyesterday.2.ThestudentswenttotheGreatWalllastSunday.3.WhenshewasinShanghai,sheoften

cametoseeme.4.WeoftenplayedPing-pongwhenwewereincollege.5.OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.第8頁futurepastnow三.普通未來時(will/shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo)(表示未來要發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài).begoingtodo表示打算,計劃要做事或據(jù)已經(jīng)有跡象將發(fā)生動作。表未來時間狀語有:

tomorrow/nextweek/inthefuture/soon/thisevening/intwodays/in2030等)Hewillbebackinafewdays.2.Whereshallwemeetthedayaftertomorrow?3.WearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingnextMonday.4.Iwill/shallreturnyouthebookassoonaspossible.5.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.第9頁futurepastnow四.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(is/am/aredoing)

“正．．．”

表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行動作。還用在少數(shù)表漸變動詞(get/become/turn/grow/)慣用時間狀語有:now,atpresent,atthemoment等WearehavingourEnglishclassnow.2.I’mlookingforapairofblackshoes.3.Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.4.I’m

writingabookaboutEnglishgrammar.5.TheyarevisitingBeijingthisweek.6.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.第10頁五.過去進(jìn)行時(was/weredoing)

表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生動作;或者某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個在由when或while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句中。慣用時間狀語有:atthattimeatthistimeyesterday/fromninetotenyesterdayevening/while…alldayyesterday/thewholemorning//whenfuturepastnowAtthattime,hewasworkinginauniversity.2.Whatwereyoudoing

atthistimeyesterday?3.WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.4.Hewasreadinganovelinthelibrarythismorning.第11頁六.現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasdone)“已經(jīng)．．．”

1)表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在影響和結(jié)果,即”從過去到現(xiàn)在有沒有做過某事”already/yet/just/never/ever/twice

futurepastnowHehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.2.Wehavevisitedthecitythreetimes.3.Ihaveseenthisfilm.第12頁2)表示從過去某一時刻連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài).時間狀語有:forfiveyears/sincetwodaysago/sofar/bynow/tillnowuptonow/recently/lately/inthepasttenyears.注意:短暫性動作不能與表示段時間連用,如:borrow-havefuturepastnow動作leavediemarryjoinbegin狀態(tài)beawaybedeadbemarriedbeinbeon1.IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.2.Theyhavelivedinthecitysince1988.3.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你到這兒多長時間了?---Ihavebeenhereforanhour.我到這兒一個小時了.havearrived×第13頁七.過去完成時(haddone)

1)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已發(fā)生或完成動作.即動作發(fā)生時間是“過去過去”.

futurepastnowWehadlearnt30lessonsbytheendoflastmonth.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.3.Ididn’tknowIhadgivenyousomuchtrouble.4.Untilthen,hehadknownnothingaboutit.5.Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,hewenttobed.

第14頁2)表示從過去某一時間延續(xù)到另一過去時間動作.慣用時間狀語有:by+過去時間(then/theendoflastmonth/bythetimewegothome…);段時間+before(如:twodaysbefore);for…;since…futurepastnowWhenhecame,Ihadworkedfor3hours.2)ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJim

camein.3)Theboytoldhismotherthathehadbeenillsincehecamebackfromtheschool.hadbeenworking第15頁八.過去未來時(would/shoulddo或was/weregoingtodo)

表示從過去某一時間看來要發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài)futurepastnowIthoughttheywouldcometohelpme.2.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.3.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.4.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.第16頁謂語動詞被動形態(tài)是由be

done組成.它也有各種時態(tài).其改變規(guī)則是由be各種時態(tài)決定.done不變.

be

1.動詞原形:be2.現(xiàn)在分詞:being3.過去分詞:been4.過去式:was/were5.普通現(xiàn)在時:is/am/are第17頁時間名稱被動形態(tài)(以do為例)現(xiàn)在普通現(xiàn)在時done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去普經(jīng)過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去未來時將來普通未來時含有情態(tài)動詞(can/must..)is/am/areis/am/arebeing

have/hasbeenwas/werewas/werebeinghadbeenwouldbewillbe情態(tài)動詞+be

第18頁1)普通現(xiàn)在時:You______________(require)todothis．2)普通過去時:Thestory____________(tell)byher．

3)普通未來時:Theproblem________________(discuss)tomorrow．

4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:Theroad__________________(widen)now.5)過去進(jìn)行時:Thenewtool________________(make)atthattime

6)現(xiàn)在完成時:Thenovel______________(read)manytimesalready

7)過去完成時:Hesaidthatthework__________________(finish)．

8)過去未來時:Hesaidthatthetrees_________________(plant)soon．9)含有情態(tài)動詞:Measures________________(should/take)toprotectrareanimals.

主語是動作執(zhí)行者時,謂語形式叫主動語態(tài)主語是動作承受者時,謂語要用被動語態(tài)

arerequiredwastoldwillbediscussedisbeingwidenedwasbeingmadehasbeenreadhadbeenfinishedwouldbeplantedshouldbetaken第19頁1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.2.LiPinghimselfinvented