XB3Unit4單詞解析&文章解析1.heritagen.遺產(chǎn)aworldheritagesite,cultural/historicalheritage2.awe

vt.使驚嘆，使敬畏

n.敬畏，驚嘆awesomeadj.令人驚嘆的，使人驚懼的，很困難的；很好的awfuladj.很壞的，極討厭的；非常的beawedby...對(duì)……感到驚嘆/敬佩/敬畏inawe敬畏地inaweofsb.敬畏某人3.civilization

(also

civilisation

)n．文明；社會(huì)文明；文明社會(huì)，文明世界civil

adj.國(guó)民的；國(guó)家的；民事的、civilizevt.教化，使文明civilizedadj.文明的；開(kāi)化的；有禮貌的theancientcivilizationthemoderncivilizationChinesecivilization古代文明

現(xiàn)代文明

中華文明4.preserve

vt.維護(hù)，保護(hù)，保存；維持preservation

n.維護(hù)，保護(hù)，保存；維持preserve...from(doing)sth.保護(hù)……免受……well-preservedadj.保存良好的5.urgent

adj.緊急的，緊迫的；催促的，急切的urgevt.敦促；極力主張；驅(qū)走；鞭策

n.強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)；迫切的要求urgentlyadv.緊急地urgencyn.緊急；催促；緊急的事inurgentneedof...急需……urgesb.todosth.敦促/力勸某人做某事haveanurgetodosth.渴望做某事6.weardown(使)磨損，（使）逐漸磨平wearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨損wearout穿破，磨損；(使)疲乏，(使)厭倦Sth.wearsdown.某物磨損/磨平。7.pyramidn.金字塔8.ruin

vt.破壞，毀壞；使破產(chǎn)，毀滅

n.毀壞，毀滅；破產(chǎn)；殘?jiān)珨啾趇nruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪；崩潰，垮掉bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟9.incredible

adj.極好的，極大的；不能相信的，難以置信的→incredibly

adv.極其；難以置信地10.clayn.黏土，陶土11.sculpture

n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻術(shù)12.missilen.導(dǎo)彈13.violencen．暴力，暴行；狂熱，激情violentlyadv.粗暴地，強(qiáng)烈地violentadj.暴力的，粗暴的；強(qiáng)烈的，猛烈的14.conflictn．(軍事)沖突，戰(zhàn)斗；爭(zhēng)論；矛盾，不一致vi.沖突，抵觸comeintoconflictwith與……產(chǎn)生矛盾inconflictwith與……矛盾conflictwith與……矛盾/沖突15.statusn.身份，地位；狀況，情形16.internaladj.內(nèi)部的；國(guó)內(nèi)的反義詞：externaladj.外部的；國(guó)外的17.outcomen.結(jié)果，效果18.reefn.礁，礁脈19.coraln.珊瑚adj.珊瑚色20.ecology派生詞：ecologicaladj.生態(tài)學(xué)的

生態(tài)的,ecologistn.生態(tài)學(xué)家21.agendaatthetopoftheagenda當(dāng)務(wù)之急21.nail名詞動(dòng)詞化：(用釘子)釘/固定22.paneln.專家咨詢組，討論小組；嵌板；儀表盤(pán)23.specialistn.專家；?？漆t(yī)生adj.專業(yè)的近義詞：expert詞族：specialadj.專門(mén)的,specializev.專門(mén)研究

專門(mén)從事

speciallyadv.專門(mén)地；專業(yè)地24.assessvt.評(píng)估，評(píng)定；估算assessmentn．評(píng)定；估價(jià)makeanassessmentof對(duì)……做出評(píng)估assesssb./sth.assth.評(píng)估，評(píng)定某人/某物為……(性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量)assesssb./sth.atsth.估算，估定，核定某人/某物為……(數(shù)量、價(jià)值)25.collapsevi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n.昏倒；倒塌

26.consultationn．咨詢；商討；就診consultantn．顧問(wèn)consultvt.查閱；商量；向……請(qǐng)教inconsultationwith經(jīng)與……磋商consultadictionary查字典consultsb.aboutsth.向某人咨詢/請(qǐng)教某事consultwithsb.about/onsth.就某事與某人商量27.suspendvt.暫停；懸，掛suspensionn．暫停，中止；懸浮suspend...from...將……懸掛在……Unit4HeritageindangerAconcertedefforttopreserveourheritageisavitallinktoourcultural,educational,aesthetic,inspirational,andeconomiclegacies.—SteveBerry同心協(xié)力保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)對(duì)于我們的文化、教育、美學(xué)、精神和經(jīng)濟(jì)遺產(chǎn)而言，是至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。——史蒂夫·貝里該句出自美國(guó)作家史蒂夫·貝里的文章《為什么保存歷史很重要》（“WhyPreserving

HistoryMatters”），意在說(shuō)明保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)的重要性。WelcometotheunitTheGreatPyramidofGizabelongstotheculturalheritagesites.Thistallman-madestructureshowsustheadvanced________________.YellowstoneNationalParkisoneofthenaturalheritagesites.Itisknownfor_________________andgeothermalfeatures.MountHuangshan,oneof______________,isfamousforitsbreathtakingmountainscenery.ancientarchitecture

itsdiversewildlifethemixedsitesHeritageisthesharedwealthofmankind.56WorldHeritagesitesinChina(by2021)ExtensionPara.1:Heritagesitesneedprotection.Paras.2–5:(1)Heritagesitesface______________NaturalforcesHumanactivitiesLong-termnaturalforces(2)____________________naturalforces

Wars(3)___________________

(4)___________________

Para.6:Suchdangerscanhavedisastrousoutcomesnotonlyforthesites,butalsoforpeople.Para.7:(5)________________________________________variousdangers.SuddenandpowerfulFloodoftouristsWidespreaddevelopmentWeallshareajointresponsibilitytoprotectandpreservethem.Readthelecturetranscriptandcompletethechartbelow.FastreadingWelcome,

everybody.

It'swonderfultobehere.

Beforewebegin,Iwanttoaskyou:

haveyou

everbeenawedbynaturalwonders?Haveyoueverbeen

fascinatedby

humancivilization?Ifso,

youmightalreadyunderstandwhyUNESCO

isfighting

topreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind.

I

havethebeliefthatsomeofyouhaveheardaboutUNESCOheritagesitesor

maybeevenvisitedone!

Therearecurrentlyaround1,100sitesinmorethan

160countries

worldwide.

Unfortunately,theyfaceavarietyofdangersandmany

of

themareinurgent

needofprotection.Let'slookatsomespecificissues.歡迎大家。很高興來(lái)到這里。在開(kāi)始演講之前，我想問(wèn)問(wèn)大家:你曾為自然奇觀驚嘆嗎?你曾為人類文明著迷嗎?如果是這樣，你們可能已經(jīng)明白為什么聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織正奮力保護(hù)對(duì)人類具有重要意義的文化與自然遺產(chǎn)地。我相信你們當(dāng)中有些人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織遺產(chǎn)地，甚至可能已經(jīng)去過(guò)1處了!現(xiàn)今全世界共有大約1,100處遺產(chǎn)地，分布在160多個(gè)國(guó)家。很遺憾，它們正面臨各種危險(xiǎn)，其中多處急需保護(hù)。我們來(lái)看看一些具體問(wèn)題。Heritagesites

are

atrisk

fromnaturalforces.

Thelong-termnaturalforces,suchaswind,waterand

temperature,cangraduallyweardownheritagesites.

Forinstance,theGreatPyramidofGizaisnow

severalmetresshorterthanitwasoriginally.Naturaldisasters,thesudden

andpowerfulnatural

forces,canleadtothedestructionofheritagesites:in2003,aterribleearthquake

shooksouth-easternlranandruinedlargepartsofthecityofBam,anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite.遺產(chǎn)地會(huì)受到自然力的威脅。長(zhǎng)期的自然力，比如風(fēng)、水和溫度，會(huì)逐漸侵蝕遺產(chǎn)地。例如，吉薩的大金字塔現(xiàn)在比原來(lái)矮了幾米。自然災(zāi)害，即突發(fā)而強(qiáng)大的自然力，會(huì)破壞遺產(chǎn)地:2003年，一場(chǎng)可怕的地震襲擊了伊朗東南部，摧毀了巴姆古城的大部分地區(qū)。該古城是一處令人嘆為觀止的聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織文化遺產(chǎn)地。Anotherbig

danger

ishumanactivities.

Warscancauseagreatdealofdamagetobothculturalandnaturalheritagesites.Sometimes,

amazingancientclaysculptures

andbuildingsareaccidentallydestroyedbymissileattacks

duringperiodsof

violence.

Insomeconflictareaswherecivilwarsoftenbreakout,

fightershaveevendestroyedheritagesitesonpurpose.另一個(gè)重大威脅是人類活動(dòng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)可以嚴(yán)重破壞文化與自然遺產(chǎn)地。有時(shí)，驚人的古代泥塑與建筑會(huì)在暴力期間被導(dǎo)彈意外摧毀。在一些經(jīng)常爆發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的沖突地區(qū)，戰(zhàn)士甚至?xí)室庹нz產(chǎn)地。Meanwhile,WorldHeritagestatusmaygiverisetoaseriesofproblems.Oneoftheproblemsisthefloodoftourists.

MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritage

Sitesevery

year,soitisonlynaturalthatthesitessufferabitof

wearandtear.ThetemplesofAngkorinCambodiaaretypicalexamplesofuniquearchitecture.

Every

day,thousandsoftouristsclimbingupthenarrowstonestepsarewearingdown

theseancientbuildingsandthelong-termconsequencescould

leadtoirreparabledestructionoftheinternalstructure.與此同時(shí)，世界遺產(chǎn)這一身份也會(huì)帶來(lái)一系列問(wèn)題。其中之一是大量的游客。每年有大量游客到聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地旅游，因此這些遺產(chǎn)地日漸磨損是很自然的。柬埔寨吳哥的寺廟是獨(dú)特建筑的典型例子。每天，攀爬狹窄石階的數(shù)千名游客磨損著這些古建筑，長(zhǎng)期的影響對(duì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)可能造成不可修復(fù)的破壞。Due

tohumanpopulationgrowth,

thedemandforproductionandconsumptionofgoodsincreases.

Widespreaddevelopment

putsourculturalandnaturaheritagesites

indanger.Manyheritagesitesareevenatriskofbeinglostforever.Take

theHistoricCentreofViennainAustriaasanexample.Thecityhasbeen

recognizedas

the

musicalcapitalofEuropesincethe16thcentury,

hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven.ItisnowontheListofWorldHeritageinDangerduetohigh-riseconstructionprojectsincentralVienna.由于人口增長(zhǎng)，商品生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)需求也隨之增長(zhǎng)。大范圍的發(fā)展讓文化與自然遺產(chǎn)地處于危險(xiǎn)中。很多遺產(chǎn)地甚至面臨永久消失的危險(xiǎn)。以?shī)W地利的維也納歷史中心為例。自16世紀(jì)以來(lái)，維也納就是公認(rèn)的歐洲音樂(lè)之都，莫扎特、貝多芬這一類的音樂(lè)家居住于此。如今因?yàn)槭兄行母邔拥慕ㄖ?xiàng)目，維也納歷史中心被列入了《世界瀕危遺產(chǎn)名錄》。Such

dangerscanhavedisastrousoutcomesnotonlyforthesites

themselves,but

alsoforpeople.

Forinstance,theGreatBarrierReefoffthenorth-eastcoastof

Australiaisanaturalheritagesiteindanger.Duetohighseawatertemperatures

caused

by

globalwarming,a

largeamountofcoraliskilledandpartsofthereefareseriouslyaffected,whichharmsitsfragilenaturalecology.這些威脅不僅會(huì)給遺產(chǎn)地本身造成災(zāi)難性后果，也會(huì)對(duì)人們產(chǎn)生影響。例如，澳大利亞?wèn)|北海岸的大堡礁是一處瀕危自然遺產(chǎn)地。由于全球變暖引起海水溫度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，部分珊瑚礁受到嚴(yán)重影響，這危害了其脆弱的自然生態(tài)。Aswellasbeing

hometoawidediversityofoceanspecies,thereefcanboosttourismandfishinginthelocalarea,

providingmanyjobopportunities.ltalsohelpsprotectthecoastlineagainstwavesandfloods.Ifthereefdisappears,manypeople'slives

andpossiblyeventheir