湖北省部分省級(jí)示范高中20232024學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二期中測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷考試時(shí)間：2024年4月29日試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesNancyplantodothisweekend?A.Restathome.B.Gohiking.C.Finishherwork.2.Whoisthemantalkingto?A.Hiscoworker.B.Hisbusinesspartner.C.Ahotelclerk.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttowatchnow?A.Amovie.B.Arealityshow.C.Asportsgame.4.Whatwillthemandofirstbeforegoingtocollege?A.Workparttime.B.Goonatrip.C.Visithisfamily.5.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Winter.B.Autumn.C.Summer.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhereistheGrandHotel?A.BesidetheCityMuseum.B.Behindarestaurant.C.NexttotheCityBank.7.HowmightthemangettotheGrandHotel?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:00a.m.B.11:00a.m.C.2:00a.m.9.Whichinstrumentdidtheman’sfatherteachhim?A.Theviolin.B.Thepiano.C.Theguitar.10.Howdidthewomanfeelaboutplayingthedrums?A.Itwaseasy.B.Itwasappealing.C.Itwasuninteresting.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?ASchoolmates.B.Roommates.C.Houseagentandcustomer.12.Whatkindofplacedoesthemanwanttolivein?A.Adormitorywithabalcony.B.Anapartmentwithabalcony.C.Ahousewithayardoragarden.13.Whatpetsdoesthewomanhopetokeep?A.Parrots.B.Cats.C.Dogs.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whichofthefollowingistheman’sfavorite?A.Milan.B.Hawaii.C.Rome.15.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Findalocalguide.B.Buyaguidebook.C.Bookthehotelinadvance.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howmanychimpanzeestriedtoescapefromthemonkeyhouse?A.3.B.4.C.7.18.WhatisSandraWilke?A.Azookeeper.B.Aleader.C.Areporter.19.WhatdidSandraWilkesayabouttheinjuredchimpanzee?A.Itsconditionwasbetterthanexpected.B.Itsarmswerebadlyinjured.C.Itseyeswerebadlyinjured.20.WhathappenedtoazooinSwedeninOctober?A.Azookeeperwasbittenbyachimpanzee.B.Itsstaffgotpunishedfortheescapedanimals.C.Asnakegotawayandcamebackaweeklater.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATutorWantedTeachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline.BeeavolunteertutorwithLearnToBe!LTBtutorsarededicatedvolunteerswhobelievedeeplyineducationalequity(公平).OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.mittotutoringatleast2timesperweekfor3monthsorlonger.SupportyourstudentswithhomeworkhelporusetheresourcesprovidedbyLTBtocreateyourownlessonplansforyourstudent.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutoradultsinEnglishTheSouthBayLiteracyCouncilisanallvolunteer,nonprofitorganizationdedicatedtoteachingadultstoread,writeandspeakEnglishintheSouthBay,LosAngelesarea.You’dmittomeetingweeklywithyourstudentsonlineorinperson.Weaskvolunteerstomakea9monthmitmentduetothetimeittakestotrainandmatchtutorswithstudents.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutorforRemovetheBordersBeingatutorforRemovetheBordersisagreatopportunitytogainvolunteerhourswhilelearningabouthowsocioeconomicstatusandlearningdisabilitiescanholdstudentsback.Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(課時(shí))youhavetotutoristhree.Visitourwebsitetoapply:s://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9TeachonlineSTEMclassesAcrossthecountry,millionsofstudentslacktheresourcestolearnaboutSTEMandputerscience.Ournonprofitorganizationstrivestoprovidethisvitalareaofeducationtounderprivilegedstudentsthroughengaginginonlineclasses.Asavolunteerteacher,youwillearnservicehourswhiledevelopingcriticalmunication,teaching,andleadershipskills.Theseclasssessionswillrunforeightweeks,andhaveatimemitmentofthreehoursperweek.Visitourwebsitetoapply:1.WhoisLearnToBeintendedfor?A.DisadvantagedK12students. B.Studentswithlearningdisabilities.C.GrownupsinterestedinEnglish. D.Informationtechnologymajors.2.Whichprogramismostsuitableforavolunteerwithoutmuchtime?A.Teachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline. B.TutoradultsinEnglish.C.TutorforRemovetheBorders. D.TeachonlineSTEMclasses.3.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveinmon?A.Onlyonlineserviceisoffered.B.Volunteerswilldeveloptheirleadershipskills.C.Volunteerswillacquireservicehours.D.Anyoneinterestedinthevoluntaryjobsneedstosignuponline.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)招聘導(dǎo)師的項(xiàng)目。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目“OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.(我們的導(dǎo)師自愿奉獻(xiàn)自己的時(shí)間，讓缺課的K12孩子和他們的家庭生活得更輕松，他們的機(jī)會(huì)更大，夢(mèng)想更大)”可知，LearnToBe的援助對(duì)象是資源匱乏身為幼兒園孩子到12年級(jí)學(xué)生。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目中“Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(課時(shí))youhavetotutoristhree.(你的輔導(dǎo)時(shí)間將由你和你要輔導(dǎo)的人確定。輔導(dǎo)的最少次數(shù)是三次)”以及其他三個(gè)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間跨度從8個(gè)星期到9個(gè)月不等，可知，對(duì)于時(shí)間很緊而又有興趣做志愿教師的人而言，第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目最合適，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文提到了四個(gè)志愿項(xiàng)目，每個(gè)項(xiàng)目介紹的結(jié)尾都提供了一個(gè)網(wǎng)址，以供申請(qǐng)做志愿教師的人報(bào)名，即這四個(gè)項(xiàng)目的共同之處是都需要在網(wǎng)上注冊(cè)。故選D。BBeforeagethirtyfour,Iwasastayathomemom.Then,thingschangedandIhadtofindajob.Istumbledalongwithlowpayingjobs,stressandselfdoubt.Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.Iwrestledwiththeideaforseveralmonthsandfinallyenrolledinoneclassthatfall.Tomyamazement,Ilovedschool.Ilovedlearning.So,inthespring,Ienrolledintwoclasseswhileworkingfulltime.Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.Inoneofmylowmoments,asIquestionedwhethertocontinuewithmyeducation,myfifteenyearolddaughterstrolledintotheroom.“Whatareyoudoing?”sheasked,“TryingtodecideifIwanttopursuemyeducationandgetadegreeornot,”Ireplieddespondently(苦惱地).“Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortopursuehereducation?A.Advicefromafriendatwork. B.Adesiretochangehercareerpath.C.Aconversationwiththecollege’spresident. D.Encouragementfromherteenagedaughter.5Whatmadetheauthor’sroadtoherdegreetough?A.Lackofherdaughters’support. B.Alltheoverwhelminghouseholdchores.C.Financialcrisiscausedbylowpayingjobs. D.Demandinglearningtasksrequiredbythecourses.6.Whatmotivatestheauthortocarryonwithhereducation?A.Promotionatwork. B.Thedesireforabetterself.C.Anewfoundloveforlearning. D.Aconversationwithherfriend.7.Whatcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Ambitiousandcurious. B.Honestandadventurous.C.Diligentanddetermined. D.Courageousandconsiderate.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在37歲去求學(xué)，在忙碌的家務(wù)與工作中擠出時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，在面對(duì)低谷時(shí)重振精神，最終獲得了學(xué)士學(xué)位乃至碩士學(xué)位?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.(三年后，當(dāng)我在一所社區(qū)大學(xué)工作時(shí)，我和總統(tǒng)的秘書(shū)成了朋友。她鼓勵(lì)我去上課并獲得教師學(xué)位)”可知，作者在社區(qū)學(xué)校工作時(shí)，成了校長(zhǎng)秘書(shū)的朋友，后者鼓勵(lì)作者去上課并讀教育學(xué)位，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.(我上了兩倍的課，甚至在暑假也去上課。我不會(huì)說(shuō)這很容易。我仍然要承擔(dān)照顧兩個(gè)十幾歲女兒的所有責(zé)任：把家收拾得像個(gè)家，準(zhǔn)備飯菜，策劃社交活動(dòng)，確保她們完成家庭作業(yè)，還要找時(shí)間做我自己的家庭作業(yè))”可知，家庭職責(zé)和瑣碎家務(wù)使得作者的求學(xué)之路并不輕松，故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!(“你為什么苦惱？”她問(wèn)?！班?，等我拿到學(xué)位的時(shí)候我就四十歲了?！胺凑愣家剿氖畾q的，”她實(shí)事求是地說(shuō)。“你想在四十歲時(shí)有學(xué)位還是四十歲時(shí)沒(méi)有學(xué)位？”然后她走出了房間。我難以置信地盯著她的背影。從孩子嘴里說(shuō)出來(lái)的！在那一刻，我的生活改變了。我想在四十歲的時(shí)候拿到大學(xué)學(xué)位！)”可推斷，希望自己的人生更好促使作者繼續(xù)她的教育，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.(我不知道是什么把我?guī)У搅私K點(diǎn)線(xiàn)，但在我四十歲生日四個(gè)月后，我自豪地走過(guò)講臺(tái)，接受了我的教育學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。三年后，我獲得了英語(yǔ)碩士學(xué)位。多年前我所做的一個(gè)決定為我打開(kāi)了通往新世界的大門(mén)，這是我以前從未夢(mèng)想過(guò)的。它以最美好的方式改變了我的生活，讓我的生活充滿(mǎn)了快樂(lè)、幸福、笑聲和樂(lè)趣。這讓一切都不一樣了)”文章講述了作者在37歲去求學(xué)，在忙碌的家務(wù)與工作中擠出時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，在面對(duì)低谷時(shí)重振精神，最終獲得了學(xué)士學(xué)位乃至碩士學(xué)位，可見(jiàn)作者是個(gè)勤勉，有毅力的人，故選C。CTheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.Americanswhowouldtraditionallybehomeownershavebeelongtermrenters,includingsomewithnoplanstoeverbuyahome.Rentersarechangingsavingpatterns,generatingnewdevelopments,andinspiringbusinesses.LaceVillageisoneofhundredsofnewrentaldevelopmentsrisinguptoserveawaveofhigherineandolderrentersfloodingintoAmerica’stownsandcitiessearchingforluxurywithoutmitment.“Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.Newsubdivisions(住宅區(qū))fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago—arespringingupfromcoasttocoast.Morerentalsareadvertisingthemselvesaskidandpetfriendlyandpermittingrenterstomakenecessarychangeswithintheirspaces.Theonlydifference:Allthehousesarerented,notowned.“It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.Theyhadthreedomesticvacationsinthepastyear,andincreasedtheirsavings.Withinetospare,hisfamilyplanstobuynewfurnitureandtorepainttheir12yearolddaughter’sbedroom.Withrentersstayingintheirspaceslonger,theyaremorelikelytospendmoneytransformingthemtomatchtheirtastesandpreferences.Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheScrantonlacefactory?A.Ithascollectedsignupsforrentalonline. B.Ithadwallsthathadgreatmercialvalues.C.Ithasbeentransformedintoarentalbuilding. D.Itwasinuseforabouttwodecades.9.Whyhavepeoplebeelongtermrenters?A.Becausetheycan’taffordtobuyahouse.B.Becausetheywanttobuynewfurniture.C.Becausetheyplantobuyahousewhentheygetolder.D.Becausetheycanliveinfortwithoutbuyingahouse.10.Whatmighttheunderlinedphrase“springingup”meaninParagraph5?A.Startingtoexist. B.Spreadingquickly.C.Planningtochange. D.Developingrapidly.11.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Bylistingopinions. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingprofessionals.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了傳統(tǒng)上擁有房屋的美國(guó)人變成了長(zhǎng)期租房者，租房者正在改變儲(chǔ)蓄模式，創(chuàng)造新的發(fā)展，并激勵(lì)企業(yè)。解釋了這一現(xiàn)象背后的原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.(斯克蘭頓花邊廠于2002年關(guān)閉，被遺棄了大約20年——這是這座賓夕法尼亞工業(yè)城市黃金時(shí)代的遺跡。項(xiàng)目物業(yè)經(jīng)理邁克爾·巴薩利加在網(wǎng)上收集了注冊(cè)表格，他說(shuō)，如今，大約有1000人表示，他們想以每月950美元到3600美元的價(jià)格租用32套建在工廠原有圍墻內(nèi)的豪華公寓)”可知，斯克蘭頓花邊廠已被改造成出租大樓。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.(投資銷(xiāo)售總裁特雷弗·科斯科維奇說(shuō)：“他們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種社區(qū)感覺(jué)，既擁有住房的所有優(yōu)勢(shì)，又沒(méi)有住房的負(fù)擔(dān)。)”可推斷，人們會(huì)成為長(zhǎng)期租房者因?yàn)樗麄儾毁I(mǎi)房子也能過(guò)得很舒適。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞上文“Newsubdivisions(住宅區(qū))fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago”可知，新的小區(qū)里到處都是出租的獨(dú)戶(hù)住宅，在過(guò)去10年里幾乎是不存在的，因而“arespringingupfromcoasttocoast”表明它們現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始存在了。故劃線(xiàn)詞意思是“開(kāi)始存在”，故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.(“并不是我們買(mǎi)不起房子；而是我們不想這么做，”37歲庫(kù)奇說(shuō)。她在一家診所做手術(shù))”以及最后一段“Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.(可移動(dòng)墻紙品牌Tempaper&Co.表示，他們的網(wǎng)站流量在2023年第四季度是2022年的兩倍多。在銷(xiāo)售照明設(shè)備的polight，從2023年10月到2023年11月，網(wǎng)店訪(fǎng)問(wèn)量翻了一番)”可推知，作者通過(guò)舉例展開(kāi)最后兩段。故選B。DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃paredtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代謝率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”P(pán)arsonnetsaid.12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Itparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類(lèi)的平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫在下降，傳統(tǒng)意義上的37℃的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫已經(jīng)不適用于所有人。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(1851年，德國(guó)醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點(diǎn)。)”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究表明，與公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低)”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich提出人類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫大約是37℃。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.(最近的研究表明，與公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低，因此，由醫(yī)學(xué)、健康研究與政策教授JulieParsonnet醫(yī)學(xué)博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的斯坦福大學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)決定進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)更深入的研究，將現(xiàn)代測(cè)量值與歷史記錄進(jìn)行比較，試圖確定體溫趨勢(shì)，揭示這種冷卻現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因。)”及第三段關(guān)于兩個(gè)不同歷史時(shí)期體溫的對(duì)比可知，該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)比研究了歷史和當(dāng)前的人體體溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一種可能性是，200多年來(lái)公共衛(wèi)生的改善降低了炎癥的發(fā)生率，炎癥可以促進(jìn)新陳代謝。這與人們?cè)诟€(wěn)定的環(huán)境中過(guò)著更舒適的生活相結(jié)合，意味著身體不必為了保暖而努力工作，因此平均溫度會(huì)下降。)”可推知，生活條件的改善使人類(lèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫降低。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.(1851年，德國(guó)醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點(diǎn)。從那時(shí)起，它被廣泛接受，成為健康的試金石——醫(yī)生和父母使用的診斷工具，作為判斷某人是否生病或健康的基本指標(biāo)。然而，事實(shí)證明，事實(shí)上，這個(gè)公認(rèn)的事實(shí)是不正確的——或者，更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，人類(lèi)多年來(lái)一直在變冷。)”以及后文可知，本文介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究：自19世紀(jì)末以來(lái)，人類(lèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫有所下降，由此推斷，C項(xiàng)Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears(人體溫度多年來(lái)一直在下降)為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?____16____TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(內(nèi)向的)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.____17____Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.____18____“Humanbeingswanttofeeltheybelong,andtheymightbeepeoplepleaserstodoso,”wrotetheMasterClasswebsite.UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”____19____TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.____20____A.Evenifsomeoneistypicallyquiet,manyonlinediscussionssuggestthatan“I”personcanstillactoutgoingattimes.B.Thesetwopersonalitylabelsinparticulararewidelydiscussedonline.C.ItwasthenthatIrealizedI’dtakentheresulttooseriously.D.Thatishidingyourtruepersonalityinspecificsituations.E.Personalitylabelsalsohelpustotellthedifferencebetweenpeople.F.Butdeepdown,theymostlyenjoybeingsilentandquiet.G.Andthosefourlettersofyoursdon’tdefinewhoyouare.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)MBTI人格測(cè)試的看法以及一些親身經(jīng)歷和感悟?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?(你是I人還是E人？)”以及后文“TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(內(nèi)向)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.(它們是一種流行的人格測(cè)試的一部分，被稱(chēng)為邁爾斯布里格斯類(lèi)型指標(biāo)(MBTI)。所有的結(jié)果都有四個(gè)字母，總共有16個(gè)結(jié)果?！癐”和“E”分別代表“內(nèi)向”和“外向”)”可知，根據(jù)上下文你是“I”人還是“E”人，“I”指的是內(nèi)向型人格，“E”指的是外向型人格，可知這兩種人格標(biāo)簽是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上廣泛討論的內(nèi)容，故B選項(xiàng)“這兩種性格標(biāo)簽在網(wǎng)上被廣泛討論”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.(例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人和一群內(nèi)向的朋友在一起時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)變得更像一個(gè)“E”型的人)”可知，后文例子表明當(dāng)一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人跟一群內(nèi)向的朋友在一起時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)像外向型的人一樣，因此可推斷，即使一個(gè)人很安靜內(nèi)向，有時(shí)一個(gè)“I”人也會(huì)有外向的一面，故A選項(xiàng)“即使一個(gè)人是典型的沉默寡言，許多網(wǎng)上討論表明，一個(gè)“I”型的人有時(shí)仍然可以表現(xiàn)得外向”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.(根據(jù)心理學(xué)家的說(shuō)法，這種暫時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換個(gè)性的想法被稱(chēng)為“偽裝”)”可知，本句總結(jié)上文，指出“偽裝”就是在特定的情況下隱藏自己的真實(shí)性格，其中masking對(duì)應(yīng)hiding，故D選項(xiàng)“在特定情況下隱藏你的真實(shí)個(gè)性”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”(用MBTI測(cè)試的結(jié)果來(lái)識(shí)別和描述一個(gè)人的性格似乎很有趣。然而，有一次我走得太遠(yuǎn)了。我妹妹正在興奮地制定日常旅行計(jì)劃，這時(shí)我想起了一篇文章，說(shuō)“P”型的人不喜歡制定或堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃，所以我對(duì)她說(shuō)：“你看起來(lái)不像“P”型的人?！薄盀槭裁?？”她反問(wèn)道?！皬氖裁磿r(shí)候開(kāi)始我需要按照我的性格測(cè)試告訴我的去做”)”可知，上文中的例子表明，作者曾經(jīng)一度過(guò)于相信MBTI的定義和描述，甚至誤解姐姐做旅行不像所謂的“P”型人格特點(diǎn)，可知，直到那時(shí)作者才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過(guò)于在意這個(gè)測(cè)試結(jié)果，故C選項(xiàng)“那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我把結(jié)果看得太認(rèn)真了”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.(MBTI人格測(cè)試可能會(huì)顯示出你對(duì)自己不了解的一些東西，甚至可以成為結(jié)識(shí)新朋友時(shí)有趣的破冰問(wèn)題。這就是一切——有趣。知道某人的MBTI測(cè)試結(jié)果并不意味著你真的了解這個(gè)人)”可知，MBTI人格測(cè)試可能會(huì)讓你更了解自己，在結(jié)實(shí)新朋友時(shí)，我們也可以把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)破冰的話(huà)題。但它就是個(gè)樂(lè)子而已。知道某人的性格測(cè)試結(jié)果并不意味著你真的了解他/她，由此可知，這四個(gè)字母的性格測(cè)試結(jié)果也并不能定義你是誰(shuí)，故G選項(xiàng)“你的四個(gè)字母并不能定義你是誰(shuí)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnJuly15,asmallmunityinColoradowitnessedanextraordinaryactofbraveryduringafiercewildfire.FirefighterJohnSmithshouldhavepletedhis____21____hoursearlier,buthisdecisiontostaysavedafamily’shomefromdestruction.Hismotivationcamefromthe____22____toprotecthismunity.Asreportedbylocalnews,Smithwasnearingtheendofhisshiftwhenhenoticedahouseinthepathofthe___23___flames.Withouthesitation,he____24____tothescene,awarethateverysecond____25____.Hequicklyassessedthesituationandrealizedthatwithadditionalassistance,hemightsavethehouse.Hegearedupandgrabbedahose(水龍帶),____26____theflameswithintensefocus.Afterhoursofrelentless(不懈的)effort,hemanagedto____27____thefire,preventingitfromspreadingtothenearbyresidentialarea.Oncethedangerhadpassed,thehomeownerswere____28____andcouldn’texpressenough____29____toSmith.Theyknewthattheirhomewouldhavebeenreducedtoasheswithouthis____30____efforts.____31____Smith,heremainedhumbleabouthisheroicactions.“Iwasjustdoingmyjob,”hesaid____32____.Inhisview,itwasnotanachievement,butratheraduty.“Anyoneinmy____33____wouldhavedonethesame,”headded.____34____Smithandthefamilywerestrangersbeforetheincident,theyhavesinceformedastrongbond.Smithmaynothavewonanyofficial____35____,buthisactofselflessnessandcouragewontheheartsoftheentiremunity.21.A.journey B.vacation C.break D.shift22.A.encouragement B.hesitation C.mitment D.inspiration23.A.pressing B.struggling C.advancing D.appearing24.A.rushed B.returned C.retreated D.refunded25.A.valued B.included C.assessed D.counted26.A.pushing B.battling C.playing D.destroying27.A.set B.place C.contain D.gain28.A.overwhelmed B.disappointed C.indifferent D.ungrateful29.A