大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀理解練習(xí)20篇大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀理解練習(xí)20篇WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguageB.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatternsC.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistoryD.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.A.Changesintheformsofwords.B.Changesinsentencestructures.C.Changesinspellingrules.D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an).A.historianB.philosopherC.anthropologistD.linguist5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.C.Ourchanginglanguage.D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.Vocabulary1.spann.跨度，范圍，一段時間，期間2.imperceptibleadj.感覺不到的，察覺不到的，極細(xì)微的3.organismn.生物體，有機(jī)體4.possessionn.擁有，占有，領(lǐng)土，領(lǐng)地5.ignorantadj.無知的6.folkn.人們，民族7.permanencen.永久，持久8.Anglo-Saxonsn.盎格魯—撒克遜語，盎格魯—撒克遜人，地道的英國人9.reversaln.顛倒，反向，逆轉(zhuǎn)10.inflectionn.詞尾變化11.prepositionn.前置詞，介詞12.conjunctionn.聯(lián)合，關(guān)聯(lián)，連接詞13.intermsof根據(jù)，按照，用……的話，在……方面長難句解析①【解析】“who”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾“thecommon,ignorantfolk”?！癿uchas”引導(dǎo)狀語從句?！発itchenpotsandpans”意為“鍋碗瓢盆”?！咀g文】首先它是那些一般人甚至無知民眾的財產(chǎn)，她們每天都像使喚她們的牲畜和鍋碗瓢盆同樣用著語言。②【解析】此句為一種復(fù)合倒裝句?！皍ntil”引導(dǎo)一種并列句，前一句的主語是“atendency”，“tofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew”作“tendency”的定語，第二句的主語也是“atendency”，“to”背面的句子作“tendency”的定語，“inwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾“ways”?！咀g文】例如在18世紀(jì)一種產(chǎn)生于多種來源的趨勢把語言固定在一種不常使用和不利于語言發(fā)展的模式中，而到了當(dāng)今，主流是要反復(fù)研究、評價人們說話、寫作中的語言實踐。答案與詳解【短文大意】本文重要講述英語演變過程的某些特點，指出了古英語與現(xiàn)代英語的不一樣，以及語言學(xué)家看待語言形式的態(tài)度的變化。1.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回原文中定位，閱讀文章時注意首末段及各段開頭的句子，這往往都是考點所在。這篇文章講的重要是英語語言演變的某些特點，指出了古英語與現(xiàn)代英語的不一樣，以及語言學(xué)家態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。本題問的正是現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)家與初期語言學(xué)家不一樣的傾向。根據(jù)文章末尾Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)家傾向于根據(jù)人們說和寫的方式評價語言實踐，而不是像初期的語言學(xué)家根據(jù)一定的模式評價語言。選項B符合文章的意思。2.A詞匯題。要根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷單詞的意思。文章在第二段中間再次提到inflection時說，Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.背面文章又舉了WHO/WHOM和ME/I為例闡明inflection，這是一篇有關(guān)語言學(xué)的文章，從例子可以看出inflection的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“單詞的變形”，選項A對的。3.A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，選項A“普遍認(rèn)為15是現(xiàn)代英語的起點”在文章中沒有提及，故為對的答案。文章第二句說Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange-attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.我們語言的歷史是一種不停變化的歷史——在某些時間裏緩慢得幾乎難以察覺，在另某些時間裏則是兩種語言的劇烈碰撞。由此可以推斷某些其他的語言對英語的發(fā)展有重大影響，選項B符合文章的意思。4.D詞匯題。此題考察考生的推測能力和詞匯量，文章講述的是英國語言演進(jìn)的詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)，最合適的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是D。作者很也許是一位語言學(xué)家。A答案(歷史學(xué)家)和C答案(人類學(xué)家)也可以有點困惑性。B答案(哲學(xué)家)是最不符合的。5.C主旨題。本文從各個方面談及英語作為一種語言的發(fā)展變化，但并不是講述英語的歷史。因此選項A不對，選項C作為文章的題目最為貼切。選項B只是文章論述的一種方面，不夠全面。文章是在談到英語的不停變化的時候談到了現(xiàn)代英語的某些特點，因此選項D也失之于片面。舊金山成為繁華都市的原因Askedtonametheirfavoritecity,manyAmerianswouldselectSanFranciscowhichbeganasasmallSpanishoutpostlocatedonamagnificentbay.ThetownwaslittlemorethanavillageservingrancherswhentheUnitedStatestookpossessionofitin1846duringthewarwithMexico.SanFranciscosprangintoacityovernightbecauseofthenearbydiscoveryofgoldin1848.AgreatrushtoCaliforniatookplace.Wagontrainsploddedtheirdangerouswayacrossmilesofprairieandmountains,whilehundredsofsailingvesselsmadetheequallyhazardoustriparoundtheHorn.Thevesselsdisgorgedthousandsofpassengers--thenthecrewsdesertedtheirshipandhundredsofvesselswerelefttorotinthebay.Withintwoyears,CaliforniahadenoughpopulationtobecomeastateandSanFranciscowasformanyyearsthehubofthatnewly-arrivedpopulation.Thecity'spresentpopularityisduetoanexcellentclimate,aneasystyleofliving,goodfood,andnumeroustouristattractions.Thecityisfamousforitscablecarswhich"