22.主題閱讀-自然地理知識積累知識積累在有關(guān)自然地理閱讀材料中，我們通常會遇到描述地球各個自然景觀、氣候特點、地理現(xiàn)象以及它們對人類生活影響的文章。這類閱讀不僅要求我們掌握一定的詞匯和語法，還需要我們具備理解和分析地理信息的能力。文章往往會通過生動的描述和具體的例子，讓我們感受到大自然的奇妙和地理知識的實用性。在閱讀過程中，我們需要注意文章中的細節(jié)描述，如地理位置、氣候特征、地形地貌等，同時也要理解文章所傳達的深層含義，比如人類與自然的關(guān)系、環(huán)境保護的重要性等。主題相關(guān)核心詞匯??geography?地理學(xué)??continent?大陸??ocean?海洋??mountain?山??river?河流??lake?湖泊??desert?沙漠??forest?森林??valley?山谷??glacier?冰川??plateau?高原??island?島嶼??peninsula?半島??volcano?火山??earth?地球??sky?天空??star?星，恒星??sun?太陽??moon?月球，月亮??cave?洞穴??cliff?懸崖??swamp?沼澤??waterfall?瀑布??tundra?苔原??archipelago?群島??equator?赤道??longitude?經(jīng)度??latitude?緯度??erosion?侵蝕??delta?三角洲??canyon?峽谷??tsunami?海嘯??drought?干旱??rainforest?雨林??savanna?熱帶草原??coralreef?珊瑚礁??estuary?河口?相關(guān)形容詞??自然的?natural??晴朗的?clear/sunny??多云的?cloudy??有風(fēng)的?windy??多雨的?rainy??下雪的?snowy??暴風(fēng)雨的?stormy??有霧的?foggy??溫暖的?warm??熱的?hot??涼爽的?cool??冷的?cold??干燥的?dry??濕的?wet?突破練習(xí)突破練習(xí)1ManyCanadiankidswokeuptothesmellofwildfiresmokelastsummer.Somearewondering:Isitdangerous?HowcanIprotectmyself?CBCKidsNewstalkedtotwochildren’slung(肺)experts,TomKovesiandDanHughes,tofindouthowkidscanstaysafe.Iswildfiresmokedangerous?Formostpeople,theeffectofwildfiresmokeisonlyshort-term.Effects(影響)canincludeirritation(刺激)oftheeyes,noseandthroat;coughingandshortnessofbreath.Theywillgetworsethemoretimeyouspendoutdoors,especiallyifyou’reactiveoutside—doingsportsandotherexercise.Ispendmysummersaroundacampfire.▲Thedifferencebetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmokeisthatwildfiresmokeishardertoavoid,Hughessaid.“Whenyou’recamping,youtypicallydon’tstayinfrontofafirefortoolong,”hesaid.“Andifit’sreallysmoky,you’dprobablysitupwindfromthesmokeortakeabreak.”Wildfiresmoke,ontheotherhand,iseverywhere.Therefore,theeffectscanbemorelong-termanddangerous.Thekeytostayingsafe?Stayinside.BothKovesiandHughesagreethatthebestthingforkidstodoisstayinsidewhenwildfiresmokeisintheair.“It’sespeciallyimportantforkidswhoaresuperactivetostopthoseactivities.Thisisnotthetimetogojogging,playsoccerandothersports,”Hughessaid.“Thoseactivitiesrequireyoutobreatheharderanddeeper,whichgivesyouagreaterexposure(暴露)tothesmokeandtheparticles(微粒)thesmokecarries.”O(jiān)therstepsyoucantake.It’sbesttocloseyourwindowsanddoorswheninside.Youcanalsouseanairconditioner(空調(diào)),ifyouhaveone,tofilter(過濾)theairmore.Kovesisaidthatmaskscanalsohelplowertheriskalittle,particularlyN95masks.Buttheyneedtobeworncorrectly.1．What’sthepurposeofParagraph1?A．Togiveanexample. B．Toleadintothetopic.C．Todescribeastory. D．Toaskaquestion.2．Wildfiresmokecanmakepeople________.A．dieyoung B．besuperactive C．stopcoughing D．feelbreathless3．Whichsentenceshouldbeputintothe________?A．Whereiscampfiresmokefrom? B．Howisitdifferentfromwildfiresmoke?C．Whatcauseswildfiresmoke? D．Howcanwestopthem?4．Whichofthefollowingcanwedotostaysafefromwildfiresmoke?A．a(chǎn)c B．a(chǎn)d C．bc D．cd5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howcankidsstaysafewhenthereiswildfiresmoke?B．Whatarethedifferencesbetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmoke?C．Whateffectsmaythewildfiresmokecause?D．Whatsportscanwedowhenwildfirehappens?2Weshouldallhaveatleastonefireextinguisher(滅火器)somewhereinourhouseorofficebuilding.However,it'snotenoughtosimplykeepanextinguishersomewhere.Thebestwaytobereadyforasuddenfireistostudythisguidecarefullyandreviewitfromtimetotime.{1}Haveaclearexitroute(疏散路線)Beforeusingthefireextinguisher,makesureyouhaveaclearexitroute.Ifyoucannotputoutthefire,youwillneedtomakeasafeexit.Also,makesureeveryoneelseisout.{2}ReportthefireEvenifthefireappearsmanageable,youshouldalwayshavethefiremenontheway.Oncetheyarrive,theycandouble-checktoseeifthefirehasbeencompletelyputout.{3}StandbackFacethefireandkeepyourbacktotheclearexit.Youshouldstaybetween1.8and2.5.metersawayfromtheflames(火焰)asyoupreparetousethefireextinguisher.{4}UsetheextinguisherItcanbedifficulttothinkclearlyduringafire.Onemethodtohelpyourememberhowtouseanextinguisheristoremember“PASS”:?P-Pull:Pullthepinonthefireextinguisher.

?A-Aim(瞄準):Aimlow.Pointthenozzleatthebottomofthefire.?S-Squeeze:Squeeze(擠壓)thehandletoletouttheextinguishingchemicals.?S-Sweep:Sweepthenozzlefromsidetosideuntilthefireisputout.{5}_________Afterthefireappearstobeout,continuetowatchthefireareatomakesureitdoesn’tstartburningagain.Ifthefiredoesstartupagain,repeatthe“PASS”.{6}GottoasafeplaceOncethefireisout,orifyouareunabletoputitout,findaplaceoutofreachofthefire.1．Whatisthetextabout?A．Howtopreventabigfire. B．Howtouseanextinguisher.C．Howtokeepanextinguisher. D．Howtodealwithasuddenfire.2．Whyisafiremanneededevenifthefireisundercontrol?A．Toteachusefulmethods. B．Tomakesurethefireisout.C．Tofindthemissingpeople. D．Tohelpleavethedangerousplace.3．Whichorderofthepicturesdescribes“PASS”?A．②①④③ B．⑧②④① C．②④③① D．③①④②4．Whichisthemostproperfor_________?A．Keepaneyeonthings B．LookforasafeplacetogoC．Checkthelossinthefire D．Improvethe“PASS”process5．Inwhichtheme(主題)activityofaschoolcanthetextbeused?A．Abetterself. B．Safetywithme. C．Youngscientists. D．Home,sweethome3Fromredapplesandyellowlemonstoblueberriesandgreenmelons,fruitcomesinmanydifferentcolors.Whydodifferentkindsoffruithavesomanycolors?Fruitcolorsactuallycomefromtheirdifferentpigments(色素),suchasredoryellowcarotenoid(類胡蘿卜素)andblueorpurpleanthocyanin(花青素).Thesepigmentsappearindifferentnumbers,dependingonthefruit’senvironment.Thiscausesthefruittoturnacertaincolor.Tofindouthowenvironmentaffectsfruitcolors,Chinesescientistsstudiedmorethan280differentfruitcolors,includingwhite,red,blue,purpleandblack.Theyfoundthatredfruittends(傾向)togrowincoolerplaces.Andinsteadofjustgrowinginoneplace,youcanfindthemgrowinginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Blueandpurplefruitmostlygrowsinwarmerplaces.Thesefruitstendtogrowalotinjustonespecialarea.Thescientistsalsofoundthatthecloserthefruitistotheequator(赤道),thedarkeritscolorwillbe.Animalshavealsohadaninfluenceontheevolutionoffruitcolors.Animalseatfruitanddroptheseeds(種子)inotherplaceslater.Thishelpsthefruitspreadandgrowindifferentplaces.Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.However,animalsseecolorsinadifferentway.Fruitneedstodevelopcolorsthataresuitedtoanimals’seeingabilities.Forexample,birdscanseeredmoreeasilythanhumanscan.Therefore,theretendstobemoreredfruitinareaswherebirdslive.Thelemurs(狐猴)ofMadagascararered-greencolor-blind.Manyyellowfruitcanbefoundintheirlivingareas,astheycaneasilyseethiscolor.1．Accordingtoparagraph1,fruitcolorsdependon________.A．redcarotenoid B．blueanthocyaninC．theirnumbers D．theirenvironment2．Youaremorelikelytofindblueandpurplefruitin________places.A．cooler B．warmer C．higher D．lower3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolution”inparagraph3probablymeaninChinese?A．特性 B．辨識 C．演變 D．參數(shù)4．Somefruitdevelopcertaincolorsto________.A．frightenanimalsaway B．getmoresunlightC．a(chǎn)ttractanimalstoeatthem D．protectthemselves5．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Darkfruitenjoysgrowingclosetotheequator.B．Greenfruitisfondofgrowingincoolplaces.C．Humanscanseeredmoreeasilythanbirds.D．Lemursarecolor-blindandcan’tseeanycolors.4Tomatoesarered,theskyisblue,andbananasareyellow,right?Well,notexactly—colordoesnotreallyexist(存在).Whatexistsislight.Lightisreal,butcolorisnot.Itisourbrainthatcreatescolor.We’retoldtotrustoureyes,butoureyeshavelittletodowithvision(視覺).Weseemuchmorewithourbrains.Yousometimesseedifferentcolorsbecauseyourbrainthinkstheyhaveadifferentmeaning.Thebraindoesthisbylookingatwhat’saroundtheobject.Hereisanexample.Ifyouseeapersonwearingawhiteshirtagainstdifferentbackgrounds,yourbrainmightexpressthesamewhitecolordifferently.Supposethispersonstandsinfrontofabrightyellowbackground,yourbrainmightthinkthewhiteshirtismorelikegray.Ifthepersonmovestoadarkbluebackground,thesamewhiteshirtmightappearclosertoabrightercolor.Coloriscreatedaccordingtoourpastexperiences,andsometimesthereareopticalillusions(視錯覺).Thatisbecauseyourbrainincludestherecenthistoryofwhatyousaw,atleastforabrieftime.Butifyouwatchthethingforalongertime,yourbrainmayforgettherecenthistoryandseetherealcolor.Thisraisesthequestion:DoyouseewhatIsee?Theanswer,inshort,isno.Ourpastandpresentexperiencesaredifferent.Noneofusevenseestheworldasitreallyis,butasameaningthatcomesfromourownexperiences.It’sclearthatseeingisnotalwaysbelieving.1．Whatisrealaccordingtothewriter?A．Light. B．Mind. C．Meaning. D．Color.2．WhydoesthewritergiveanexampleinParagraph2?A．Tomakethetextlonger. B．Tomakeacomparison.C．Tosupporttheidea. D．Toshowaproblem.3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Colorisinfluencedbythebackgroundofanobject.B．Colorcomesfromourpastexperiences.C．Colorischangingallthetime.D．Whiteisthelightestcolor.4．Whichwordisclosetotheunderlinedword“brief”?A．Hard. B．Simple. C．Quick. D．Short.5．Whichcanbeapropertitleforthetext?A．DoesColorStaytheSame? B．IsSeeingReallyBelieving?C．DoYouSeeWhatISee? D．IsColoraRecentHistory?5Thenaturalworldisfullofcolors,seeninhumans,plants,andanimals.Humanskincomesindifferentshades(色塊),whichisinfluencedbysunlight,emotions,andhealth.Whenwefeelstrongemotionslikeangerorexcitement,ourskincanturnredasaresultofincreasedbloodflowtotheface.Therefore,peopleoftensay“seeingred”whensomeoneisangry.Plantsalsousecolorstosurvive.Flowershavebrightcolorstoattractinsectslikebees,whichhelpwithpollination(授粉)bymovingpollenfromoneflowertoanother.Beescanseecolorswecan’t,sothey’reattractedtothesebrightflowers,whichisimportantfortheplants’reproduction.Withoutbees,manyplantswouldstruggletosurvive.Animalsalsousecolorsforsurvival.Somechangetheirfurorskincolorstoblendinwiththeirsurroundingsandavoidbeingseenbypredators(捕食者).Forexample,thesnowshoeharechangesitsfurfrombrowninthesummertowhiteinthewintertomatchthesnow.Othersusebrightcolorstowarnpredatorstostayaway.Insummary,colorsplaymanyrolesinthenaturalworld.Theycontributetothebeautyofourplanetandarehelpfulforlifetothrive.Fromthedifferenttonesofhumanskintothebrightcolorsofflowersandthepretendingstrategyofanimals,theroleofcolorinnatureisfascinatingandimportant.1．WhichisNOTthecausetochangehumanskincoloraccordingtothepassage?A．Sunlightexposure. B．Emotionalintensity.C．Healthconditions. D．Facialexpressions.2．Whydoflowershavebrightcolorsasmentionedinthepassage?A．Tomakethemeasiertomove. B．Toattractinsectsforpollination.C．Toprotectthemfrompredators. D．Tokeepthemwarmincolddays.3．Howdosomeanimalsusecolorsasasurvivalstrategyaccordingtothepassage?A．Bychangingcolorstomatchwithpredators.B．Byusingbrightcolorstoattractsomemates.C．Byusingcolorstokeepawayfrompredators.D．Bychangingcolorstoshowdifferentfeelings.4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Natureisbeautifulbecauseofitscolors.B．Flowersneedinsectstosurvivewell.C．Animalschangecolorstoavoidpredators.D．Colorsserveimportantfunctionsinnature.5．Howistheinformationorganizedinthispassage?A．Bylistingexamplesofcolorsinsomedangeroussituations.B．Bydiscussingthehistoryofcolorsdevelopmentinhumans.C．Bycomparingthecolorsofplants,animals,andhumans.D．Byshowingdifferentrolesofcolorsinthenaturalworld.6Differentcountrieshavedifferentlanguagesandcultures.Inthisarticle,I’llsimplyintroducethemeaningoftwocolorsbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.InChineseculture,redusuallyrepresents(代表)somethinggood.Thebrideandgroom(新娘和新郎)usuallywearredclothesattheirwedding,becausetheybelieveitwillbringhappinesstothem.ButinWesterncountries,redisthecolorofforceanditusuallyrepresentsastrongfeeling.Wearingredcanmakeiteasiertotakeaction.Sowhenyouhavedifficultymakingadecision,justwearred.Anothercolorisgreen.InChina,greenusuallyrepresentsanewlife,whichhasthesameculturewithWesterncountries.However,greenisalsothecolorofenvy(嫉妒)inWesterncountries.Sopeoplemaydescribesomeoneis“greenwithenvy”.Inaword,itcanbesaidthatcolorwordscarrydifferentcultures.LearningthedifferenceofcolormeaningsbetweenChinaandWesterncountriescannotonlyhelpustoknowaboutourculturesbetter,butalsoopenoureyes.Andit’salsointerestingtoknowabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweencountries.1．Whichtwocolorsarementionedinthepassage?A．Redandblack. B．Greenandred. C．Greenandpink. D．Redandpink.2．WhydothebrideandgroomusuallywearredclothesinChina?A．Tomakeadecision. B．Totakeactioneasily.C．Togethappiness. D．Toshowastrongfeeling.3．WhatdoesgreenrepresentbothinChineseandWesternculture?A．Strongenvy. B．Anaction. C．Anewlife. D．Specialfeeling.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“greenwithenvy”mostprobablymean?A．眼紅的 B．后悔的 C．開心的 D．自豪的5．What’sthewriter’spurposeaccordingtothetext?A．Tointroducedifferentpeople. B．Tointroducemodernlanguages.C．Tointroduceculturaldifferences. D．Tointroducemeaninglesscolors.7Youhavejustfinishedeatinganapplewhileonacamp.Therearen’tanyrubbishbinsaround;whatdoyoudowiththeapplecore(核)?Ifyouanswered“throwitinthegrass”becauseyouthoughtfruitwouldnothaveabadinfluenceonnature,youarewrong.Accordingtothescientists,decomposition(分解)offruitlittertakesmuchlongertimethanyouimagine.Someofthese“natural”foodcantakeyearstodecomposedependingontheenvironmenttheyarein!Whenanimalsstarttogettheirfoodfrompeople,theymaystoplookingfortheirownfoodinnature.Thisisverydangerousbecauseanimalsneeddifferentfoodstostayhealthy.Foodwastealsodrawsanimalstogotoareaswheretherearealotofpeople.Andwhenfoodisthrownoutofacarwindow,animalsmaydevelopthehabitofsearchingroadsidesforfood,whichincreasesthechancesoftheirbeinghitbyacar.Infact,apples,bananasandorangesarenotfromwildforests.Iftheyareeatenbywildanimals,theywillprobablycausetheanimalstogetsick.Seeds(種子)ofthesefruitorvegetablesthatenduponthegroundcouldgrowintoanexoticplantthere.It’snotgoodtothelocalenvironment.Andthen,ofcourse,nobodywantstoseesomebodyelse’sfruitlitter,whichhasalreadygonebad,whileenjoyingthebeautifuloutdoors.So,nolitterissafelitter,notevenanapplecore.1．Howdoesthewriterstartthetext?A．Bycollectingreaders’answers. B．Bydescribingasituationinlife.C．Byencouragingpeopletoprotectnature. D．Byexplaininghowtodealwithfruitlitter.2．Whatinfluencewouldthrowingfoodwastehaveonanimals?A．Itprovidesdifferentfoodsforthem.B．Itpreventsthemfromdyingofhunger.C．Itmakesthemdependonhumanstoomuch.D．Itmakesthemdeveloptheabilitytoliveinnature.3．Theunderlinedword“exotic”inParagraph4means“________”.A．foreign B．beautiful C．bad D．strong4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toadviseusnottoeatwhilecamping.B．Toaskustoprotectthewildanimals.C．Toexplainhowfoodwasteisdecomposed.D．Tocallonpeoplenottolitterfoodwaste.5．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．HEALTH B．ENVIRONMENT C．SPORTS D．PEOPLE8Whenanewcellphonestartstobesoldinstores,manypeoplerushouttobuyone.Weallwantthenewest,latestthing.Butwhatshouldwedowithouroldcellphones?MikeTownsendworksatTotalRecall,acellphonerecyclingcompany.“Don’tthrowyouroldphoneaway.Sendittousandwe’llrecycleit,”hesays.“Ifyouthrowitaway,itgoeswithotherrubbishtobecomelandfill.Inotherwords,itisputinabigholeintheground—anditbecomesabigproblem.”Cellphonescontainsometoxicmaterials(有毒物質(zhì)),likelead,mercuryandcadmium.Ifyourphonegoestoalandfill,thesetoxicmaterialscangetoutandgetintothewaterundertheground.That’sthewaterwewanttothinkorthewaterthatgoesintoriversortheocean.Millionsofcellphonesarethrownawayeveryyear.“AtTotalRecall,wetaketheoldphonesapart.Mostofthematerialsinacellphonecanberecycledandusedagain,”explainsMike.“Wesellthepartsandtheyareusedtomakenewproducts.Forexample,phonebatteriescontainnickelandcadmium(鎳幣和鎘).Thenickelisusedtomakesteel,andthecadmiumcanbeusedtomakenewbatteries.Theplasticcasesofthephonesaremadeintoplasticfenceposts(圍欄柱子).”Mikesaysrecyclingyouroldphoneiseasy.“Youcanusuallytakeitintoacellphoneshopandthey’llsendittous.”So,beforeyouthrowyouroldcellphoneaway,useitonelasttime:searchforacellphonerecyclingcompanynearyouandgivethemacall.1．WhatkindofcompanyisTotalRecall?A．sellsnewcellphones B．recyclesoldcellphonesC．repairsoldcellphones D．producesnewcellphones2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“l(fā)andfill”?A．a(chǎn)nareaoflandwherealargeamountofrubbishareburiedB．a(chǎn)nareaoflandthatishigherthanthelandarounditC．somethingusedforfillingholesandseemsasalandD．somethingaddedtosoiltomakeplantsgrowfastandtall3．Whatwillhappeniftheoldcellphonesgotoalandfill?A．Theywillmakeabigholeinthegroundandcauseabigproblem.B．Acellphonecompanywillreuseandsellthemagain.C．Theywillbeusedtomakenewproductsinashorttime.D．Toxicmaterialswillcomeoutandgetintothewaterundertheground.4．Whichkindofthematerialscannotberecycledinphonebatteries?A．Cadmium. B．Mercury. C．Plasticcases. D．Nickel.5．Tonyhasanoldphone,whichofthefollowingistherightwaytodealwiththeoldcellphone?①breaktheoldphoneintopieces

②takeitintoacellphoneshop③throwitwithotherrubbish

④callforacellphonerecyclingcompanyA．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④9AIislikegivingsuperpowertocomputers.Ithelpsthemtolearnthingsanddotasksthatpeopleusuallydo.Accordingtoscientists,AIcouldbeusedtotelltheweathermorequicklyandcorrectlythantraditionalmethods.Thetraditionalwaytotelltheweatherisbycollectingdataonwhatishappeningintheair.Thedatamaycomefromplaceslikeweathersatellites,planesandsoon.Thenthedataissenttosupercomputersforweatherreports.Althoughsupercomputersarepowerful,itcantakemanyhourstoproduceresults.AImodelshavebeendevelopedtoquicklytellfutureweather.Theycantelltheweatherbyusingtwosetsofdata:theweatheratpresentandtheweatherfromsixhoursago.AImodelsareveryhelpful.Theycanbeusedonstandardcomputerslikeofficecomputers,anditonlytakesafewminutestogettheresults.However,theresultsmaynotincludeasmuchinformationasthoseproducedbytraditionalmodels.WillAItaketheplaceoftraditionalmodels?Scientistssayitprobablywon’t,butitwillbeusedtogetherwiththem.That’sbecauseAIstillneedstolearnfromthedatacollectedbytraditionalmethods.Buthopefully,AIwillbeabletodealwithtasksthatoldermethodsfinddifficult,suchastellingwhenandhowmuchitwillraininthenearfuture.Thiscouldgivepeopleenoughtimetosolvetheproblemscausedbybadweather.1．Thedataintraditionalweatherreportsmaycomefrom________.A．clouds B．towers C．trees D．planes2．HowdoesAIknowaboutfutureweather?A．Bylearningexperiencefromsatellites.B．Bycomparingpastandpresentweather.C．Bycollectingdatafromdifferentplaces.D．Bywatchingwhatishappeninginthesky.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“standard”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Huge. B．Slow. C．Ordinary. D．Expensive.4．WhichtaskwillAIprobablydoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A．Offeringpeopleweathermaps.B．Reportinghowmuchitwillrain.C．Reportingwhenasnowwillend.D．Offeringfullweatherinformation.5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AIWillCauseBadWeather.B．AICouldStopBadWeather.C．AICouldTellFutureWeather.D．AIWillChangeFutureWeather.10Thesunshinesagainafterrain,andyouseered,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,andpurplelightinthesky—arainbow.RefractioninActionSunlighthasallthecolorsoftherainbow,butsomegofasterwhensunlightpassesthroughwater.Fromtoptobottomarethefasteronestotheslower.Redisthefastestandpurpleistheslowest.Aslightenterswater,itrefracts.Red,travelingfastest,isrefracted(使折射)least.Orangeisrefractedalittlemore,andsoon.Differentcolorsareseparatedinthiswayandthat’swhatyouneedtogetarainbow.HowtoSeeaRainbowStandwithyourbacktothesunandsearchthesky,becausearainbowappearsoppositethesun.Ifthesunistoohigh,norainbowcanappear.Lookatyourshadow,thedarkshapeyourbodymakesontheground.Ifit’stallerthanyou,youhaveagoodchanceofseeingarainbow.Thelongeryourshadowis,thebiggertherainbow.GuesstheWeatherIfarainbowappearsinthemorning,thatmeanstherainbowisinthewest,whichiswheretherainis.Weatherusuallymovesfromwesttoeast,sotherainiscomingyourway.Ifit’sintheafternoon,thingswillbedifferent.Here’sasaying:Rainbowinthemorning,shepherd(牧羊人)’swarning.Rainbowatnight,shepherd’sdelight.SeeTwoatOnceLookforasecondrainbowafteryouseeone,butit’shardtosee.Themainrainbowhasredontopandpurpleonbottom,butthesecondaryhasredonbottomandpurpleontop.UnseenRainbowPartsSunlighthasinfraredradiation(紅外線),whichwecan’tsee.Still,infraredradiationgetsrefractedbyraindrops,andliesabovethemainrainbow’sredlight.Ultravioletradiation(紫外線)isalsopartofarainbow.It’sjustbelowpurple.1．Whichlightisrefractedmostwhengoingthroughtherain?A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple.2．Whencanweprobablyseethebiggestrainbow?A．Whenthesunshines.B．Whenthesunislow.C．Whenourshadowistheshortest.D．Whenwestandwithourbacktothesun.3．Whatisprobably“shepherd’sdelight”accordingtothetext?A．Fineweather. B．Freetimeatnight.C．Seeingtworainbows. D．Beautifulrainbowcolors.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Rainbowsarehardtosee.B．Partsoftherainbowareunseentotheeyes.C．Rainbowscanbedividedintodifferentparts.D．Rainbowshaveallthecolorsofthesunshine.5．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthewholetext?A．Bygivingadvice. B．Bytellingstories.C．Bydescribingfacts. D．Bylistingnumbers.參考答案1【答案與解析】本文介紹了野火煙霧的危害及如何讓孩子們遠離野火煙霧保證安全。1．推理判斷題。文章第一段通過介紹許多加拿大孩子醒來時聞到了野火的煙味，然后設(shè)問，最終引入主題：野火煙霧危險嗎，如何保證孩子們的安全。因此該段目的是引入主題。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Effects(影響)canincludeirritation(刺激)oftheeyes,noseandthroat;coughingandshortnessofbreath.”可知，野火煙霧影響包括眼睛、鼻子和喉嚨的刺激、咳嗽和呼吸困難。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thedifferencebetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmokeisthatwildfiresmokeishardertoavoid,”可知，此處解釋了篝火煙和野火煙的區(qū)別，因此空處應(yīng)為提問二者的區(qū)別，選項B“它和野火的煙有什么不同？”符合。故選B。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thekeytostayingsafe?Stayinside.”和“It’sbesttocloseyourwindowsanddoorswheninside.Youcanalsouseanairconditioner(空調(diào)),ifyouhaveone,tofilter(過濾)theairmore.”可知，待在室內(nèi)、關(guān)閉門窗和使用空調(diào)過濾空氣可以遠離野火的煙霧，圖中a、c符合。故選A。5．最佳標題題。根據(jù)第一段“Isitdangerous?HowcanIprotectmyself?CBCKidsNewstalkedtotwochildren’slung(肺)experts,TomKovesiandDanHughes,tofindouthowkidscanstaysafe.”并通讀全文可知，本文先是介紹了野火煙霧的危害，然后重點介紹了孩子們應(yīng)該如何保持安全。故選A。2【答案與解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對火災(zāi)事故。1．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對火災(zāi)事故，選項D“如何應(yīng)對突發(fā)火災(zāi)”符合主題，故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Evenifthefireappearsmanageable,youshouldalwayshavethefiremenontheway.Oncetheyarrive,theycandouble-checktoseeifthefirehasbeencompletelyputout.”可知，即使火勢看起來可以控制，你也應(yīng)該讓消防隊員隨時待命。一旦他們到達，他們可以再次檢查火是否被完全撲滅。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?P-Pull:Pullthepinonthefireextinguisher.?A-Aim(瞄準):Aimlow.Pointthenozzleatthebottomofthefire.?S-Squeeze:Squeeze(擠壓)thehandletoletouttheextinguishingchemicals.?S-Sweep:Sweepthenozzlefromsidetosideuntilthefireisputout.”可知，拉動滅火器上的銷；瞄準低處，把噴嘴對準火的底部；擠壓手柄，使滅火化學(xué)品流出；從一邊到另一邊掃火，直到火被撲滅。所以正確的順序是②④③①，故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Afterthefireappearstobeout,continuetowatchthefireareatomakesureitdoesn’tstartburningagain.”可知，在火似乎已經(jīng)熄滅后，繼續(xù)觀察起火區(qū)域，以確保它不會再次燃燒。所以此處強調(diào)要觀察，故選A。5．推理判斷題。主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對火災(zāi)事故，所以在學(xué)校的“安全與我同在”主題活動中可以使用本文，故選B。3【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了水果有不同的顏色的原因。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fruitcolorsactuallycomefromtheirdifferentpigments,suchasredoryellowcarotenoidandblueorpurpleanthocyanin.Thesepigmentsappearindifferentnumbers,dependingonthefruit’senvironment.”可知，水果的顏色來自于其不同的色素，例如紅色或黃色的類胡蘿卜素和藍色或紫色的花青素，這些色素的數(shù)量不同，取決于水果所處的環(huán)境，即水果的顏色取決于環(huán)境。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Blueandpurplefruitmostlygrowsinwarmerplaces.”可知，藍色和紫色的水果大多生長在較溫暖的地方，即在溫暖的地方找到藍色和紫色的水果。故選B。3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Animalseatfruitanddroptheseedsinotherplaceslater.Thishelpsthefruitspreadandgrowindifferentplaces.Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.”可知，動物吃掉果實后，會把種子散播到其他地方，這有助于果實在不同的地方傳播和生長，為了吸引動物，一些果實會呈現(xiàn)出動物容易看到的顏色，即動物也對水果顏色的演變產(chǎn)生了影響，可推測evolution表示“演變”。故選C。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.”可知，有些水果會呈現(xiàn)出特定的顏色為了吸引動物。故選C。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyfoundthatredfruittendstogrowincoolerplaces...Thescientistsalsofoundthatthecloserthefruitistotheequator,thedarkeritscolorwillbe...Forexample,birdscanseeredmoreeasilythanhumanscan...ThelemursofMadagascararered-greencolor-blind.”可知，紅色水果往往生長在涼爽的地方；水果越靠近赤道，顏色就越深；鳥類比人類更容易看到紅色；狐猴是紅綠色盲；A選項“深色水果喜歡生長在靠近赤道的地方?！迸c文章相符。故選A。4【答案與解析】本文主要討論“眼見不一定為實”的原理。我們是靠大腦看到顏色的，我們之前的經(jīng)驗會影響對事物的顏色的判斷。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lightisreal,butcolorisnot.”可知，光是真實的，故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“We’retoldtotrustoureyes,but