虛擬語氣使用方法歸納

英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不一樣的語氣：陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不一樣

的語氣用動詞的不一樣形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表達。

一、虛擬條件句

條件句有兩類：一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句

假如假設(shè)的狀況是有也許發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句，謂語用陳說語氣。

Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwillfail.

Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoforapicnic.

假如假設(shè)的狀況過去、目前、未來都不存在，則為虛擬語氣

虛擬條件句和對應主句的動詞形式列表：

條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式

與過去事實相反的假設(shè)haddonewould/could/might/should

havedone

與目前事實相反的假設(shè)過去時(was-*were)would/could/might/sliouldd?

與未來事實相反的假設(shè)過去時(was-*were);would/could/might/shoulddo

shoulddo;

weretodo

L與目前事實相反的I虛擬

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?

IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.

IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.

2.與過去事實相反的虛擬

Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenher.

Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.

3.與未來事實相反的虛擬

Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbeputoff.

Ifweweretopicnic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.

二、錯綜、混合虛擬語氣

一般，在上面表格里反應的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動詞

時間是一致的，假如兩者時間不一致，此時就是混合型虛擬語氣?；旌闲吞摂M語氣的使用

規(guī)定“各自為政”，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設(shè)的時間不一樣，采用上面表格中對應的的謂

語動詞形式。

1.IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.（從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對目前的

假設(shè)）

2.Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.（從句

是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對目前的假設(shè)）

3.Hadyoufollowedthedoctor'ssuggestion,youwouldbefinenow.（從句是對過去的假設(shè)，

主句是對目前的假設(shè)）

4.IfIhadmadesomemoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.（從句是對過

去的假設(shè)，主句是對未來的假設(shè)）

5.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn'tbesotirednow.（從句是

對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對目前的假設(shè)）

6.IfIwereyourmother,Iwouldletyougooutthisweekend.（從句是對目前的假設(shè)，主句是

對未來的假設(shè)）

三、含蓄虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。由于有時假設(shè)的狀況并不是以if引

導的）條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過某些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有With,

without,butfor,otherwise,or,even,incaseof,whatif（假如…將怎樣）等等，這種句子往往

有主句而無從句（考試時多數(shù)狀況是對過去的假設(shè)）。

Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.（過去）

Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.（目前）

Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.（過去）

Iwashavingameeting,otherwise1wouldhavecometoseeyouoff.（過去）

四、虛名詞性從句的虛擬語氣

具有should+V的使用方法，這一部分重要是有關(guān)提議和命令的有關(guān)從句，包括主語從句，

賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之有關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。記憶口訣：

一種堅持（insist）,兩個命令（order,command）,三個提議（suggest,advise,recommend）,四

個規(guī)定（ask,require,demand,request）o

1.賓語從句的虛擬語氣

Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.

Thegeneralordered（thatIallthesoldiers（should）leave.

Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers（should）leave.

2.表語從句的虛擬語氣

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.

3.同位語從句的虛擬語氣

Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.

4.主語從句的虛擬語氣重要體目前It做形式主語的三種狀況：Ifs+p.p+that；Ifs

+adj.+that；It's+n.+that

常用歐1動詞recommand,demand,desire,ordersrequest,require,suggest,command

常用及I形容詞important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,

regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential

常用的I名詞duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret

其實這些詞在句子中其實也有提議命令類似的的意思

It'simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.

It'sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.

It,sessentialthatweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.

It'sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.

Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.

5.It為形式賓語的狀況實際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以it為形式賓語的復合

賓語從句,it背面的賓語補足語多為形容詞或名詞,常見詞就是上面形式主語背面的那些詞。

Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.

Wethinkitnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

6.某些詞語如suggest,insist等有雙重含義，因此在使用的時候要注意什么時候用虛擬

語氣，什么時候不用虛擬語氣。

Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.

Wcinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.

五.虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運用，重要有兩種狀況

I.wouldrather,It,stime...,forfearthat...

wouldrather在使用E寸要注意它的不一樣使用方法。由于自身wouldrather可以直接接

動詞原形，構(gòu)成wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.else);或者woulddosth.ratherthando

sth.else.而虛擬語氣的wouldrather是這樣使用的wouldrathersb.did(對目前或未來的假

設(shè)Vhaddone(對過去的假設(shè))

Iwouldratherhedidn'tgonow.

Theywouldrathertheyhadn'tattendedtheparty.

Itys(about)(high)time(that)…從句中常用過去式(有時也用shoulddo),含提議歐J意

思。漢語的意思為“是該做…的時候了”，也等于It'stimeforsb.todosth.

It'shightime(that)wewenthome.

It'shightimethatwe(should)gohome.

It'shightimeforustogohome.

forfearthat背面可以接虛擬語氣shoulddo,也可以接其他語氣，但仍然會有一種情

態(tài)動詞。

IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.

II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly這三種狀況的虛擬語氣有點相似。

wish后的賓語從句，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式重要有三種wishSb.did（對目前的

虛擬）；wishsb.haddone（對過去的虛擬）；wishsb.woulddo（對未來的虛擬）.偶爾在對過去的

虛擬時，也會出現(xiàn)wishsb.wouldhavedone及I狀況。

IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.

Shewishedshehadstayedathome.

IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.

★此時要注意表達語氣很強時用Howsb.VVish+clause,其使用方法同上。假如要用was

仍然換成were.

HowIwishIwereabird.

asif/though出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣重要有兩種狀況：主句+asif/though引導的狀語從句；

seem/look/smell+asif/though引導的表語從句。

主句+asif/though引導肚I狀語從句：主句+asif/though+主語+did/were（對目前的）假

設(shè)）；主句+asif/though+iic+could/woulddo（對未來的假設(shè)）;主句+asif/though+主語+had

done（對過去的假設(shè)）

seem/look/smell等的從句狀況基本上和上面一致。

Shetalksasifshekneweverything.

Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.

注意不需要用虛擬語氣的狀況

Ifonly引起的感慨句規(guī)定用虛擬語氣，表達愿望。形式為：用過去式或者would/could

do,表達與目前或未來事實相反的愿望；用過去完畢式表達與過去事實相反的愿望。

Ifonlyhewerehere!

Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!

IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!

★Ifonly也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：

IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!

六、虛擬語氣測試題

I.用所給單詞歐I合適形式填空。

l.Ifyou(follow)thedoctor;you(be)allrightnow.

2.Ifwe(drive)thecarbyturns,you(notbe)sotirednow.

3.IfI(be)you,I(notmiss)thatopportunity.

4.Ifthey(start)intheearlymorning,they(arrive)soon

5.1fyou(take)anumbrella,you(notbe)wetnow.

6.Withoutwater,there(be)nolivingthings.

7.Butforyourhelp,we(notfinish)thework.

8.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongand(set)free.

9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you(be)allrightnow.

10.lookattheterriblesituationIamin.IfonlyI(follow)youradvice..

n.單項選擇。

1.IfIhadenoughtime,I___itbetternexttime.

A.willdoB.havedoneC.didD.woulddo

2.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummen

A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe

3.HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hadB.havehadC.willhaveD.hadhad

4.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

A.hadB.havehadC.hadhadD.have

5.1throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.

A.wouldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgone

6.---Hewillcometomorrow.

---ButEdratherhethedayaftertomorrow.

A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome

7.Whatwouldhavehappened,asfarastheriverbank?

A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkedfartherC.hadBobwalkedfarther

D.ifBobwalkedfarther

8.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrella

withme.

A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetaken

C.mustn'thavetakenD.needn'thavetaken

9.Youmuchbetternowifyouhadtakenthedoctor'sadvice,

A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.willbeD.shouldbe

1().myselftomystudy,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortabletableofficenow.

A.IfIdevotedB.ShouldIdevoteC.WouldIdevoteD.HadIdevoted

11.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthe\isittoZhonshanBridge.

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

12.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.

A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow

13.noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld?

A.WerethereB.ThereareC.TherewasD.Isthere

14.It'shightimethatyour(laughtertoschool.

A.wouldbesentB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.issent

15.Itisnecessarythattheseexercisebooksassoonaspossible.

A.arehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.willbehandedinD.be

handedin

16.Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.

A.writeB.writtenC.wouldwriteD.willwrite

17.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishwriting

composition.

A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewon

C.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon

18.Brownhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,butthatplanaftertheunpleasant

experienceinAmericain2023.

A.hadabandonedB.hasabandonedC.abandonedD.willabandon

HI.根據(jù)漢語提醒，用括號中的單詞完畢句子。