XB4U3Careersandskills

Grammarandusage.單句填空（accordingtothreeclauses）

1.________startedasahobbytopursueinhisretirementturnedintoafull-timeeffortand

afteralmostfourdecadesofdevotion.2.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularview________allhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.3.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.4.Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince

whatthatthatwho作為他退休后的一項愛好，后來變成了一項全職工作，幾乎投入了40年

這項研究推翻了一種流行的觀點，即大約30萬年前人類進化時，所有的人類語音都存在。

GPNP旨在為生活在大熊貓活動范圍內的所有物種提供更有力的保護，并顯著改善該地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況。

在1100公里的旅程中，8歲時因車禍失明的曹生康穿越了三個省的40個市縣。

.單句填空（accordingtothreeclauses）

5.Therouteisaverybusyroad________20，000vehiclesusuallyrideeveryday.6.Thetransitionbetweenmodelingandskiingbecomesapracticeforeachother,________helpedmefeelmoremotivatedineacharea.7.Themascothasbecomesopopular________allrelatedproducts,includingBingDwenDwenminiatures,dollsandkeychains,soldbylicensedonlineretailersandbrick-and-mortarshopshavealmostrunoutofstocksincetheGamesopeningceremonyonFriday.8.However,silkwas________expensivethatonlyveryimportantpaintingswoulduseit.

wherewhichthatso這是一條非常繁忙的道路，每天有2萬輛車行駛這個吉祥物非常受歡迎，所有相關產(chǎn)品，包括冰墩墩迷你娃娃、洋娃娃和鑰匙鏈，由授權的在線零售商和實體店出售。自周五奧運會開幕式以來，幾乎已經(jīng)售罄。

榜樣和滑雪之間的過渡成為彼此的練習，這幫助我在每個領域都感到更有動力。

然而，絲綢是如此昂貴，只有非常重要的繪畫才會使用它

.單句填空（accordingtothreeclauses）

9.“OMG!It’ssocute!”Sincepostswithsuchdescriptionsspreadonsocialmediain________alovablepandaiswavingandsmiling,BingDwenDwenhasbecomeastarintheOlympicVillages,venues,andalmosteverywhere.10.________theyfoundisthatastherepeatsaccumulated,theparticipantsratedthesoundsasbeingmoretuneful.11.________hehasbeengettingonwellwithhisstudiesmakesallofushappy.

whichwhatThat“天啊!它太可愛了!”自從社交媒體上出現(xiàn)了可愛的熊貓揮手微笑的帖子后，“冰墩墩”就成了奧運村、場館和幾乎所有地方的明星。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著重復的遍數(shù)增加,參與者認為聲音變得更加悅耳。.單句填空（accordingtothreeclauses）

12.―Tomdoesn'tseemsoenthusiasticashewastwoyearsago.―Yes.He'sreallyreachedapointinhiscareer________hehastodecidewhattodonext.13.Ourbadlivinghabitswilldestroytheearth.Onlybychanging________welivecanwesavetheearth.14.Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.15.Wordcame________China’ssecondmannedspacecraftShenzhouⅥblastedoffintotheskyonWednesdaymorningOctober12,2005.

wherehowwherethatObservethefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.1.Ithinkit'sinteresting.2.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.3.Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.4.Itisnotknownwhatcausedthewildfire.5.Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．a(chǎn)stheobjectasthesubjectasthe

predicativeasthe

subjectastheappositiveStep1:Lead-inPleaseworkoutthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart

ineachsentence.Theseclausesfunctionasnouns,andtheyarecallednoun

clauses.什么是名詞性從句？

名詞性從句是在復合句中起名詞性作用的句子，可作句子的主語，賓語，表語，同位語。名詞性從句1.主語從句2.賓語從句3.表語從句4.同位語從句分類：

Step2..Activity2

Workingout

therules在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句

(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語(動詞賓語或介詞賓語)、表語（系動詞之后）、同位語等，因此，根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為

從句

從句、

從句和

從句。

釋義功能

從屬連詞that沒有含義

不充當任何成分，只起連接從句的作用。whether/if“是否”asif/though“仿佛，好像”because“因為”

連接代詞who(m)“誰”在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語

whose“誰的”which“哪一個/哪一類”what“...的東西/事情”whatever“任何...的東西/事情”who(m)ever“...的任何人”whichever“任何一個/一類”

連接副詞where“在哪兒”“...的地方”在從句中作狀語when“什么時間；“...的時間”why“為什么”“...的原因”how“以什么樣的方式”“...的方式”Position主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句謂語動詞/介詞系動詞抽象名詞找謂語動詞→判斷句式（簡單句，并列句，復合句）找從屬連詞→區(qū)分主句和從句判斷從句類型二、練習，并觀察從句的位置。1）Theradioforecastthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.

______從句，位置:______后面2)I’minterestedinwhothatmanis.

______從句，位置:______后面3)WefinditimportantthatwepracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.

______從句，位置:________后面賓語動詞賓語介詞賓語動詞it為形式賓語4)Iheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.

________從句，位置:_________后面

總結2：__________從句一般位于名詞之后，解釋說明該名詞的具體內容。這樣的名詞有：news,fact,idea,view,suggestion,promise,truth,doubt,belief等。5）Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.

________從句，位置:_________后面6）Thatourclasswonthegameistrue.

______從句，位置:_____________________同位語名詞同位語表語系動詞主語謂語動詞之前

Maxisreadinganarticleontheprosandconsofstartingone’sownbusiness.Findthesentenceswithnounclauses.P34A

Exploringtherules12345引導詞不作成分作主語、表語和定語作狀語連接代詞VS連接副詞

連接代詞：who,

whose,

whom,

what,

which本身有詞義，在從句中充當句子成分，可以作主語、表語、賓語或定語等。

連接副詞：

when,

where,

why,

how。本身有詞義，在從句中充當句子成分，作狀語。Step2.連接代詞和連接副詞的選擇(對應導學案STEP2)1>.Tomeagerlyfinishedup_____wasleftinthebowl.2>.________willgoisnotimportant.3>.Thesenseofsmellcantellpigeons________waytheyshouldgo.4>.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.5>.Ihavenoidea________hefoundmyhome.1.連接代詞與連接副詞既具有___________，又起___________，同時在從句中充當___________.使用的原則是缺什么填什么。2.判斷從句中缺______________________成分,就選用___________；從句中不缺成分，則選_____________________________。疑問含義連接作用各種成分Whowhatwherehowwhich

主語/賓語/表語/定語連接代詞連接副詞/that/if/whether注意：用什么連接詞連接從句主要看含義，同時分析句子成分幫助解題。1.—Iwonder______Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.2.Iknow_________walletitisbecausethereisanIDcardinsideit.3.__________oneofthethreecandidateswillbesenttotakepartinthegameisstillunderdiscussion.4.Iamnotsure___________Ishouldgoonadiet5.Doyouknow_________thedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishlie?做題步驟：找從句，看主句；分析從句是否缺必要成分；分析句意。howwhoseWhichwhetherwhere連接詞的選用方法

1.分清是哪種名詞性從句；2.分析該從句的句子成分:a.如果句子成分齊全則選用連接詞

that,if,whether;b.如果缺少主語，賓語，定語，表語等成分則選用連接代詞;

c.如果缺少狀語則選用連接副詞.3.根據(jù)從句所需的具體意義來確定。

用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空：1>.Themonitoralwaysthinksof_______hecandoforhisclassmates.

2>.

That

is

________

mygrandpa

used

to

live.

3>.

That’s

_______he

refused

my

invitation.

4>.

I

am

very

interested

in

______

he

has

improved

his

English

in

such

a

short

time.5>.

________

we

need

is

more

time.

6>.

Please

tell

me

_________you

are

waiting

for.

7>.

I

don’t

know

_________

he

will

agree

to

the

plan

or

not.8>.Manyteachersholdtheview____teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.whatwherewhyhowWhatwhomwhetherthat1.Iknow________heisanhonestboy.2.

I

wanttoknow

__________heisanhonestboy.1.that

還是

if/whether?總結：1.

that和

if/whether

都不做成分。2.that無意義，引導的名詞性從句說的______。if/whther

表“______”的意思，后面的名詞性從句指的是

不確定的事，有疑問。thatif/whether事實是否Step3.連接詞的選擇練習：1.Thereisnodoubt_________theywillcometohelpus.2.Nobodyknows___________itwillraintomorrow.3.Iwonder___________hewillcometomorrow.4.______we’llholdameetingisdecided.5._________we'llholdameetingisnotdecided.thatwhether/ifwhether/ifThatWhther1._________hewillcomeisnotclear.2.Thequestionis__________wecangetintouchwithher.3.Thequestion___________he'llcomeisunknown4Iwanttoknow__________ornothewillcome.5.Idon’tknow__________togothere.6.Yourdecisionhasaneffecton__________youwillsucceed.7.__________thisistrue，Ican'tsay.WhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherWhether2.if還是

whether?

1.引導主語從句并在句首

2.引導表語從句

3.引導同位語從句

4.位于介詞后的賓語從句

5.后面直接加動詞不定式:whether（todo）6.whetherornot直接連用時只能使用whether

的情況：3.what還是

that?對比并分析：1._______hesaidhurthismother.2.______ourclasswonthegamemadeusexcited.WhatThatwhat引導主語從句,做said的賓語that引導主語從句,不做任何成分1.what在名詞性從句中，充當主語、賓語、表語，表“什么，...的（東西/事情）”。2.that不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用。練習：①Theschoolisnolonger________itusedtobe.

＝Theschoolisnolongertheone________itusedtobe.②Finallyhetolduseverything________hehadseen.

＝Finallyhetoldus________hehadseen.③Theyarrivedin______wasonceaschool.

④Don'tcare________othersthinkaboutyou.⑤_______thefamoussingerwillcometoourschoolnextweekexcitesallofus.⑥Ithink_______impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.whatthatthatwhatwhatwhatThatwhat①Iwanttoknow______hehastoldyou.②_________madethecallisnotimportant.③____________helikeswillbegiventohim.④_________makesthematterworseisthatitbeginstorain.總結：__________________是指具體的人或物，有特指的含義；_______________________表示任何一個人或事物，有泛指的含義whoWhoeverWhateverWhatwho，whatwhoever,whatever4.what/who與whatever/whoever?練習：用疑問詞＋ever

填空1.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.__________youcandohelps.2.Wepromise_________attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.3.Somepeoplebelieve___________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture4.___________youbegintostartyourownbusinessisneverlate.5.___________youchoosetoworkisuptoyou.Somechoosetoworkinthecity,someinthecountryside.6.I'llread__________bookyourecommend.WhateverwhoeverwhateverWheneverWhereverwhichever1.Idon’tthink_________sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.(that)thatthatthat5.that省略還是不省略?that可省略的情況：

單個賓語從句中的that和第一個賓語從句的that可省略在使用名詞性從句特別注意事項1.名詞性從句的語序1）Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld?(

)

Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld?(

)引導詞在從句之______，其他一定用陳述語序：_____________________________________________翻譯下列句子我寫信感謝你為我所做的一切FT首引導詞+主語+謂語+其它I’mwritingtothankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme.例1.Itisapitythattheydidn’tgetmaried.

例2.Itissplendidthatyoupassedtheexam.例3.Itissaidthathehasbeentheremanyyears.例4.Itseemsthattheyhavemadethesamemistakes.Itbe+名詞詞組(ashame/anhonor/nowonder)+that

Itbe+adj(

likely/obvious/ture/natural)+that

Itbe+過去分詞（thought/expected/announced)

+that

It

seems/appears/happens

+that

2.用it作形式主語的主要句型3.用it作形式賓語的主要句型1）動詞think,make,feel,consider＋it＋賓補(形容詞或名詞)＋不定式/從句WethinknecessareshouldpractisespokenEnglisheveryday.①Theyconsiderittheirdutythattheyshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanallthetime.②WethinkitnecessarythatweshouldpractisespokenEnglisheveryday.③Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.3.用it作形式賓語的主要句型2)動詞

hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋賓語從句①Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.②Shedwon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.3)動詞短語

seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋從句Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1)主語從句句型：Itisimportant/necessary/vitalthat...;Itissuggested/required/requested/demandedthat...句型中，謂語常用

“(should＋)動詞原形”。1）重要的是他應該知道這個案件。__________________________________________________________________2）有人建議會議延期召開。___________________________________________________________________

Itisimportantthathe(should)knowaboutthiscase.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

在表示建議(suggest,advise,recommend)、要求(demand,insist,require)和命令(order,command)等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語部分常用虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)動詞原形”。注意:suggest（暗示，表明）和insist（堅持說）后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)havearestnow.2)賓語從句的虛擬語氣①老師建議我們現(xiàn)在應該休息一下。_______________________________________________________________②Thebossinsistedthatthewomanemployee_____(be)innocentandthatshe__________(pay)equally.bepaidwas3)表語從句中的虛擬語氣主語是表示“建議、命令、要求、計劃（suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request）”等的名詞時，表語從句應該用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoff

earlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天早點兒動身。We’dbetteraccepthissuggestionthatwe(should)startrightnow.我們最好接受他的建議，立刻動身。

在名詞

suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位語從句要使用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。3)同位語從句中的虛擬語氣5.賓語從句的時態(tài)(1)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)實際情況用不同的時態(tài)。①I’msurethatshe________(win)thematch.②Canyoutellmewhathe________(do)yesterday?(2)主句是過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句要和主句一致，用過去時的相應時態(tài)。①Shesaidshe___________(finish)readingthenovelinthreedays.②Shesaidshe___________(finish)readingthenovelthreedaysbefore.willwindidwouldfinishhadfinished(3)賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實，格言，科學真理時，

從句時態(tài)不受主句限制，用一般現(xiàn)在時。①Theteachersaidthesun_____(be)biggerthanthemoon.②Myteachertoldushigh-speedtrainswerefirstinventedinChinaandthatthey__________(travel）300kilometersperhour.iscantravel6.表語從句中的常見句型

①Thereasonisthat......；含義為“__________.”；常與定語從句搭配，構成：Thereasonwhy.....isthat......,②Itisbecause......；含義為“____________”，because后接的是“it”發(fā)生的原因。③That'swhy......；含義為“_____________________，why后接的是“that”導致的結果。④That'swhere......;含義為“___________________”。原因是...這是因為...這就是為什么...這就是...的地方練習：完成下列句子①Thereason______heisabsentfromschoolis_____heisill.＝Heisill.That's_____heisabsentfromschool.＝Heisabsentfromschool.That's________heisill.②Thereason____________hegavewas______hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.

Thereason_____hedidn’tcometoschooltodaywas_____hewasill.③That's_______theproblemlies.

That's_______theproblemliesinwhythatwhybecausethat/whichthatwhythatwherewhat7.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1)TheforeignerexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.這位外國人表達了再次來中國的希望。2)I’llrememberthehopethattheforeignerexpressedtome.我將記住那位外國人對我表達的希望。3)WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪聽說我不能來？4)Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用鉛筆寫的信很難讀。(1)同位語從句對名詞進行進一步的解釋或補充說明；而定語從句對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用。同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句(2)

被修飾的詞不同

同位語從句前面的名詞多為表抽象意義的名詞（news，idea,fact,truth(真相）,promise（承諾），question,doubt（疑問），thought,

hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility,conclusion等）；定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物的各種名詞。(3)

that引導同位語從句時在從句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起連接作用。that引導定語從句時為關系代詞，它除了起連接作用外，在從句中還要充當某一成分（如主語、賓語等），作賓語時可以省略。練習：判斷下列句子是同位語從句還是定語從句。1.Thequestionthattheyarediscussingisverydifficult.()2.Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.()3.Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.

（）

4.Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.

（）

定語從句同位語從句同位語從句定語從句Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingnounclausesaccordingtotherequirementsinthebrackets.B11.Howdoyoungpeopledecideonacareer?Iwanttoknow.

(objectclause)__________________________________________________________________2Doesshehaveenoughtimetocompletesomanytasks?Thisisherdoubt.

(predicativeclause)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwanttoknowhowyoungpeopledecideonacareer.Herdoubtiswhethershehasenoughtimetocompletesomanytasks.3Thecareersadvisersuggeststhatpeopleshouldthinkcarefullybeforechoosingajob.Thesuggestionisuseful.

(appositiveclause)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4Wherewillmyuncleopenhisnewrestaurant?Itremainstobeseen.(subjectclause)______________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecareersadviser’ssuggestionthatpeopleshouldthinkcarefullybeforechoosingajobisuseful.Itremainstobeseenwheremyunclewillopenhisnewrestaurant.Thepassagebelowgivestipsonhowtostartabusiness.Completeitwithproperlinkingwordstoformnounclauses.(B2)Ourfirsttipforstartingabusinessistochooseaproductorservicethatyoufindsuitable.Thefact(1)______youhaveapassionforyourideawillmakeitmucheasiertomotivateyourself.Itisalsoimportant(2)______itshouldfityourskills.Asecondtipistoanalyseyourtargetmarketcarefullytosee(3)_________itisworthentering,andifso,howyoushouldrunyourbusiness.Thesizeofthemarketanditsrateofgrowthareimportantfactorstoconsider.(4)_____youcansatisfytheneedsofpotentialclientsmosteffectivelyshouldbethefocusofyourbusiness.Toachievethat,youneedtodosomedetectivework.Donotrelyonyoursubjectivejudgement.Youshouldalsolookthroughthebusinessdirectorytoseewhoyourmaincompetitorswillbeandfindouthowtheirbusinesseswork.

thatthatif/whetherHowOurfinaltipis(5)______youshouldconsiderwhetheryouwanttomakeyourbusinessasolooneorfindoneortwopartners.Doingitalonecangiveyougreaterautonomy.Ontheotherhand,partnerscanhelpplugtheknowledgeorskillgaps.Allthisgroundworkmightseemboringwhenyoujustcannotwaittogetstarted.However,ifyouarewellprepared,thebusinessyouwanttoopenwillhaveagreaterchanceofsuccess.thatThepassagebelowgivestipsonhowtostartabusiness.Completeitwithproperlinkingwordstoformnounclauses.(B2)I.用適當?shù)倪B接詞完成句子.P70

1.Wemadeasurveyamongthenewcustomerstofindout_______theythinkofourproduct.2.Flowersinaglasshousemaygrowfast,butthat’snot______theflowersbelong.3.Onlineshoppi