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專題09閱讀理解體裁與命題方向
目錄
考情分析與命題趨勢(shì)..............................................................................1
知識(shí)體系構(gòu)建..................................................................
考點(diǎn)精析與突破..................................................................................3
考點(diǎn)一:細(xì)節(jié)理解(重點(diǎn))...................................................................3
考點(diǎn)二:詞義猜測(cè)...........................................................................7
考點(diǎn)三:判斷推理(重點(diǎn))..................................................................11
考點(diǎn)四:主旨大意(難點(diǎn)).................................................
實(shí)戰(zhàn)精練與提升.................................................................................20
01PART□
考情分析與命題趨勢(shì)
一、考試要求
上海高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解要求考生讀懂書報(bào)雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)文段及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等各類文本,話題涵蓋科技、
文化、歷史、環(huán)保、人物傳記等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
在能力考查上,考生需具備以下能力:
?理解文章主旨要義,如概括人工智能應(yīng)用及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)類文章的核心內(nèi)容;
?把握文中具體信息,像科技成果的特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)等;
?依據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)含義,例如通過(guò)語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)生僻科技詞匯;
?作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理,如判斷作者對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度;
?理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu),如段落間的邏輯關(guān)系;
?領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,比如從論述方式和用詞中體會(huì)對(duì)文化現(xiàn)象的評(píng)價(jià)。
題型方面,涵蓋細(xì)節(jié)理解題(占比約50%,需精準(zhǔn)定位+同義轉(zhuǎn)換)、推理判斷題(基于文本邏輯合理
推導(dǎo))、主旨大意題(把握整體框架,可通過(guò)首尾段和各段首句歸納)、詞義猜測(cè)題(依托語(yǔ)境邏輯或構(gòu)
詞法解題)等。
命題趨勢(shì)上|,突機(jī)對(duì)考生思維能力的考查,文本呈現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科融合特點(diǎn),如結(jié)合心理學(xué)與人工智能,同時(shí)融
入時(shí)代性和中國(guó)文化元素,引導(dǎo)考生對(duì)社會(huì)、科技、文化等問(wèn)題深入思考。
二、命題分析
類型多樣:涵蓋記敘文(成長(zhǎng)敘事、跨文化交流)、說(shuō)明文(科技前沿、生態(tài)保護(hù))、
議論文(社會(huì)議題思辨)、應(yīng)用文(廣告、報(bào)告摘要),近年新增多模態(tài)文本(如圖
表結(jié)合文章)。
話題前可:聚焦科技倫理(如AI情感計(jì)算)、傳統(tǒng)文化(非遺創(chuàng)新、海派文化)、
社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)(教育公平、后疫情時(shí)代適應(yīng)),融入“元宇宙”“碳足跡”等新興議題畫
1舒潞初市教育考超|。
長(zhǎng)度與復(fù)雜度.:?jiǎn)纹L(zhǎng)度約300800詞,嵌套長(zhǎng)難句(含3個(gè)以上從句),學(xué)術(shù)詞
匯占比高(如四六級(jí)詞匯extinct,ecological),跨學(xué)科融合文本(如心理學(xué)+人工
智能)要求多維度理解。
題型分布:細(xì)節(jié)理解題占比約50%(精準(zhǔn)定位+同義替換),推理判斷題約30%
(邏輯推導(dǎo),避免過(guò)度聯(lián)想),主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題各占10%左右。
能力導(dǎo)向?
核心考查語(yǔ)言能力:詞匯深度(一詞多義、熟詞僻義)、長(zhǎng)難句解構(gòu)(定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)作狀
語(yǔ))。
思維品質(zhì):辯證分析(如科技發(fā)展利弊)、邏輯推理(如作者態(tài)度推斷)、批判性思
維(如提煉正反觀點(diǎn))。
立德樹兒滲透社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀,如環(huán)保意識(shí)(量化碳足跡)、社會(huì)責(zé)任感(慈
善事業(yè)決策)、科技興國(guó)(海草采礦技術(shù))|上海市教育考試院。
跨學(xué)科融囹:文本涉及心理學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)、教育學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,如閱讀C篇探討“情感計(jì)
算的倫理爭(zhēng)議”,要求綜合多學(xué)科知識(shí)分析。
思辨性與開放隹:設(shè)問(wèn)強(qiáng)調(diào)辯證思維(如“科技是否讓傳統(tǒng)技藝失去價(jià)值”),寫作
題允許多角度切入(如“慢生活與快節(jié)奏平衡。
文化浸潤(rùn):融入中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化元素,引導(dǎo)文化傳承與國(guó)際視野結(jié)合。
02PART囪
知識(shí)體系構(gòu)建
03PART□
考點(diǎn)精析與突破
>考點(diǎn)一:細(xì)節(jié)理解題
解題策略
:1.直接信息題
2.間接信息題
3.概括、歸納信息題
細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法,印先看試題,再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位,再將相美信息進(jìn)行整
合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比,有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng),選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題
的準(zhǔn)確率,節(jié)省了寶貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特別適用于對(duì)圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別
注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。
【典例剖析】
[2025屆上海市延安中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題】
Theirangerabouthisworkspreadtheconversationtopeoplewhoanonymously(匿名地)anddeliberately
seektoupsetothersandstartfightsonline-andonethingledtoanother,someofthembegantoabusemyfriend
harshly.^Peoplearctellingmetokillmyself!hetoldme,withdesperationinhisvoice.liestartedworryingabout
beingdoxed."DoIneedprivatesecurity?MaybeIshouldmove.,,
Outofcuriosity,Iaskedmyfriendhowmuchtimehewasthenspendingonsocialmedia,monitoringallthe
abuse.''Prettymuchallday,“hesaid.Thismadesensetohimbecausehefelttheseverityofthesituationdemanded
hisfullattention:Athreat'sathreat,right?Imadeonesimplesuggestion:Deletetheappsandstopinteractingwith
socialmediafbraweek.Hetookmyadvicereluctantly,butoverthenextfewdays,hestoppedthinkingaboutthe
troublesomuch.Bythetimehereopenedtheapps,hefoundthosemeanguyshadlargelymovedontonewvictims
andtargets.
1.Whatdidthoseopponentsoftheauthor'sfrienddo?
A.Theyshowedastrongoppositionagainstthecontroversialtopic.
B.Theyangrilyandpubliclyopposedthatfriend'sargument.
C.Theydeliberatelyandsecretlytriggeredonlinefights.
D.Theyresortedtomercilessbullyingofthatfriend.
3.Whatdidthattargetedmandotosurvivetheattacks?
A.Hetalkedwithhisfriends.B.Hemovedhouseimmediately.
C.Heignoredtheabusetemporarily.D.Heopenedtheapponceeveryweek.
【答案】1.D3.C
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theirangerabouthisworkspreadtheconversationtopeoplewhoanonymously(匿
名地)anddeliberatelyseek(oupsetothersandstartfightsonline-andonethingledtoanother,someofthem
begantoabusemyfriendharshly."Peoplearetellingmetokillmyself!”hetoldme,withdesperationinhis
voice.(他們對(duì)他的行為的憤怒情緒將話題引向了那曲匿名且蓄意在網(wǎng)上挑起事端、制造沖突的人群當(dāng)中-
由此引發(fā)了一系列事件,其中一些人開始對(duì)我朋友進(jìn)行嚴(yán)厲的辱罵。“人們都在叫我自殺!”他帶著絕望的語(yǔ)
氣對(duì)我說(shuō)道)“可知,那些反對(duì)作者朋友的人對(duì)那位朋友進(jìn)行了殘酷的欺凌。故選D。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“1madeonesimplesuggestion:Deletetheappsandstopinteractingwithsocialmedia
foraweek.Hetookmyadvicereluctantly,butoverthenextfewdays,hestoppedthinkingaboutthetroubleso
much.Bythetimehereopened(heapps,hefound(hosemeanguyshadlargelymovedontonewvictimsand
largetM我提出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的建議:刪除所有應(yīng)用程序,并停I卜便用料交媒體一周.他很不情愿地接受了我
的建議,但在接下來(lái)的幾天里,他不再那么在意那些麻煩事了。等到他重新打開這些應(yīng)用程序時(shí).,他發(fā)現(xiàn)
那些惡毒的人大多已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了新的受害者和目標(biāo))”可知,那個(gè)被攻擊的人暫時(shí)沒有理會(huì)那些辱罵的話。故選
(2025?上海靜安?二模)
AndJuneau'snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau'sbiggestdrawingforceinvisitors,eyes.
TheremarkableMendenhallGlacier—rockyenoughiofascinatehikers—isjustoneofJuneau'smanynatural
attractions.DuringtheMendenhallGlacierhike,you'repersonallyexperiencingwildwatersandsharpforested
slopes.Forhardcorehikers,itspullishard(oresist.
1.WhichofthefollowingitemisJuneau'smajorsellingpointtovisitors?
A.Culturalbackground.B.Developmenthistory.
C.Naturalattraction.D.Climateadvantage.
【答案】I.C
I.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“AndJuneau'snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau'sbiggest
drawingforceinvisitors'eyes.(而朱諾的自然魅力,及其眾多風(fēng)景名勝,是游客眼中朱諾最大的吸引力所在。
可知,自然景觀是朱諾的主要賣點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
(2025?上海虹口?二模)
dog...wtoy,thesizeofasmallsuitcase,dominatedtherestof(heChristmasholidays.Oncewehadmastered
thecontrols,werecordedanythingandeverything:eachother,ourparents,themilkman,thedog...andwevery
quicklylearnedhowmuchfunwecouldhavewithit.Forthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmight
reacttoseeingthemselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexisted
outsidemyheadandwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.Itwasbothexcitingandembarrassing.
3.Whatdidtherecorderenabletheboystodowhentheystartedtouseit?
A.Maketheirownradioprogrammes.
B.Discovermoreaboutthemselves.
C.Pursueacareerinbroadcasting.
D.Heareachothermoreclearly.
【答案】3.B
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題c根據(jù)第五段“Forthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmightreacttoseeing
themselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexistedoutsidemyhead
andwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.(第一次,就像一個(gè)有視力的孩子看到自己在鏡子或照片中的反應(yīng)一樣,
我意識(shí)到自己是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的人,存在于我的頭腦之外,被其他人所體驗(yàn)。廠可知,錄音機(jī)使作者更多地了解
了自己。故選B項(xiàng)。
(2025?上海徐匯?二模)
Geology,(hestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth,isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Until
parativelyrecently,scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed,thewordgeologyonly
appearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.Geology
madeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopaediaBritannica(大英百科全書)inthe1810edition.Despitethis
inclusion,thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.
1.Whendidtheword“geology"starttobemonlyusedintheEnglishlanguage?
A.In1735.B.In1810.C.Around1805.D.Around1895.
【答案】I.C
I.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一,段“Indeed,thewordgeologyonlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtook
anotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.(“地質(zhì)學(xué)”這個(gè)詞在1735年;11現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中,又過(guò)了大約70
年才被普遍使用。廣可知,1735年加上70年左右,大約是1805年,“地質(zhì)學(xué)”一詞開始在英語(yǔ)中普遍使
用。故選Co
(2024?上海楊浦?一模)
Arare765yearoldgoldcoinfeundonfarmlandinDevoninsouthwestEnglandisexpectedtosellforupto
halfamillionpoundsatauction.Itisbelievedthatthecoinwasmademorethan750yearsago,duringtheruleof
theEnglishKingHenryIII.Itisoneofonlyeightknowntoexist.
FeaturingapictureofKingHcni-yIIIononesideandacrossandrosesontheother,thecoinisaround2.5
centimetresacross.ItwasmadewithgoldthatcamefromnorthAfrica.ItwasfoundinSeptemberlastyearbya
detectorist(someonewholooksforitemsburiedundergroundusingametaldetector)inHemyockvillage.The
detectoristhadnoideahowrarethecoinwasuntilhepostedaphotoofitonsocialmedia,whereitwasspottedby
ahistoryexpert.
ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEngland\firstgoldcoins.Thecountry'scoinswere
madeofsilveruntilKingHenryIII,whoruledfrom1216untilhisdeathin1272,introducedgoldoneswithhis
pictureonthem.
56.Thecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedis.
?Thevalueofthecoinwasconfirmed.
②Acoinwasunearthedinthefield.
③ThecoinwasondisplayaltheBritishMuseum.
?Thecoinwasintendedforsale.
⑤Thecoincaught(heattentionofahistoryexpert.
A.①@②④B.②⑤①④
C.②①⑤④③D.④②①③⑤
【答案】56.B
【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了在英格蘭西南部德文郡的農(nóng)田里發(fā)現(xiàn)的一枚有765年歷史
的罕見金幣,預(yù)計(jì)將在拍賣會(huì)上以5。萬(wàn)英鎊的價(jià)格售出。該金幣是英國(guó)最早的金幣之一,極具價(jià)值。因?yàn)?/p>
這個(gè)金幣不是偷來(lái)的或者違法的東西,發(fā)現(xiàn)者可以擁有他。
【56題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Arare765yearoldgoldcoinfoundonfannlandinDevoninsouthwestEnglandis
expectedtosellforuptohalfamillionpoundsatauction.(在英格蘭西南部德文郡的農(nóng)田里發(fā)現(xiàn)的一枚有765
年歷史的罕見金幣,預(yù)計(jì)將在拍賣會(huì)上以50萬(wàn)英鎊的價(jià)格售出。)”;第二段中“Thedetectoristhadnoideahow
rarethecoinwasuntilhepostedaphotoofitonsocialmedia,whereitwasspottedbyahistoryexpert.(這位偵探
不知道這枚硬幣有多罕見,直到他在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一張它的照片,被一位歷史專家發(fā)現(xiàn)。廠以及倒數(shù)第
二段中“ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEngland'sfirstgoldcoins.(這枚硬幣特別珍貴,因?yàn)?/p>
它是英國(guó)最早的金幣之一。)“可知,正確順序?yàn)樵摻饚疟话l(fā)現(xiàn),,'貞探將該硬幣的圖片放到網(wǎng)匕受到歷史學(xué)
家的關(guān)注,歷史學(xué)家確認(rèn)了該枚硬幣的價(jià)值,它是英國(guó)最早的金幣之一,該沒金幣當(dāng)前將在拍賣會(huì)上以50
萬(wàn)英鎊的價(jià)格售出。。故選B。
>考點(diǎn)二:詞義猜測(cè)題
解題策略
1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋遂行猜測(cè)
2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
5.根據(jù)上卜.文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
【典例剖析】
【上海市靜安區(qū)20242025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語(yǔ)試題】
Urbanplannerssaythismovement,organizedbyresidentsinsteadofgovernmentagencies,couldmake“agingin
place^safeandaffordablefbramajorityofelderlypeople.Althoughnotthecureallibrthosewithplicatedmedical
needs,theapproachaddresseswhatexpertssaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomes
inresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.
Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesaepaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderly
homeowneriscaughtoffguard.RemainingathomewithoutsufTicienthelpisfrightening.t4Ifpeopledon'tfeelso
overpowered,theydon'thavetojumpatprecipilousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomes
arehardtobereversed,saidanexpert.
7.Theunderlinedwordprecipitousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.
A.alternativeB.fakeC.rushedD.joint
【答案】7.C
7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Althoughnotthecure—allforthosewithplicatedmedicalneeds,the
approachaddresseswhatexpertssaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesin
responsetorelativelysmallprobleirs.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesaepaniedbypressurefromadult
children,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.(M
然這種方法并不能解決所有復(fù)雜醫(yī)療需求的問(wèn)題,但它解決了專家所說(shuō)的老年人因相對(duì)較小的問(wèn)題而草率
放棄家園的過(guò)早決定,隨著這些小問(wèn)題的不斷累積,有時(shí)再加上成年子女的壓力,老年房主會(huì)感到措手不
及。沒有足夠的幫助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推測(cè),如果遇到很多問(wèn)題,老人會(huì)倉(cāng)促作出決定。再根據(jù)
所在句“"Ifpeopledon'tfeelsooverpowered,theydon'thavetojumpatprecipilousdecisions.Actuallypractices
likemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,saidanexpert.("如果人們不感到那么無(wú)助,他們就不必
做出決定。實(shí)際上,像搬進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院這樣的做法是很難逆轉(zhuǎn)的,”一位專家說(shuō))“可推測(cè),戈!線單詞和“倉(cāng)
促間''意思相符。選項(xiàng)C“rushcd(匆忙)”與此意義相近。故選C。
(2025?上海閔行?二模)
Pigeons'abilitytoreproduceycarroundleadstohighlynumerouspigeonsinthecity,whichisanissuefor
urbanwildlifemanagers.Althoughpigeonsarcsociallypaired,theyliveingroupsofupto500birdsandthis
persistentcongregationcancauseconsiderableconflictswithpeople.
Toeaseconflictswithpigeons,managershaveusedseveralmethodstopreventpigeonpresenceorreducepigeon
numbers.Managershaveuseddeadlytoolssuchaspoisons.However,thisapproachlypicallydoesn'thave
susiainedresullsbecause【heremainingpigeonsmulliDlyrapidly
2.Theword“congregation”(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.introductionB.gatheringC.reproductionD.nesting
3.Fromthesentence“tVDicaHy...hapically...”inthelastparagraph,wecaninferthattheapproach.
A.needstobeusedrepeatedlyB.isnoteffectiveinthelongrun
C.reducespigeonnumbersgreatlyD.workswhenpigeonsmultiply
【答案】
2.B3.B
2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Pigeons'abilitytoreproduceycarroundleadstohighlynumerouspigeonsinthe
city,whichisanissueforurbanwildlifemanagers.(鴿子全年繁殖的能力導(dǎo)致城市中鴿子數(shù)量眾多,這對(duì)城市野
生動(dòng)物管理人員來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)問(wèn)題?!阂约?theyliveingroupsofupto500birds佗們生活在多達(dá)500只鴿子的群
體中)“可知,鴿子繁殖能力強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致數(shù)審:眾多,且喜歡大量群體生活在一起,“thisDersislenlcongregation
cancauseconsiderableconflicrswithpeople(這種持續(xù)的congregation可能會(huì)弓|起與人的相當(dāng)大的沖突)”
指的是鴿子持續(xù)性大最聚集在一起會(huì)引起與人的相當(dāng)大的沖突,劃線詞意思congregation是“聚集”。故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Managershaveuseddeadlytoolssuchaspoisons.However,【hisapDroach
typicallydoesn'thavesustainedresultsbecausetheremainingpigeonsmultiplyrapidly.Further,manypoisonsare
notspeciesspecificandmayharmotherurbanbirds.Otherprogramsaimedatreducingnestsuccessinvolve
removingiheeggsandreplacingthemwilhfakeeggs.(管理人員使用了致命的工具,如毒藥。然而,這種方法
通常不會(huì)產(chǎn)生持久的結(jié)果,因?yàn)槭2?的鴿子繁殖迅速。此外,許多毒素不是特定物種的,可能會(huì)傷害其他
城市鳥類)''可知,毒藥會(huì)讓剩下的鴿子繁殖迅速,而且許多毒素不是特定物種的,可能會(huì)傷害其他城市鳥類,
由此可知這種方法從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看是無(wú)效的。故選B。
(2025年閔行一模)
Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.And
here'sthekicker,mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit'sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.
Parkthought,UIcandobetterthanthis.^^So,shepicturedanewkindofstore------onethatwouldn'tjustreduce
wastebutwouldalsoinspirepeopletomakesmarter,greenerchoices.
37.ThephraseThekicker“inparagraph2mostlikelymeans.
A.thepersonkickingthefootballB.somethingunexpectedandsurprising
C.themostexcitingpartofthesituationD.thereasonwhyfastfashionissuccessful
【答案】37.B
[37題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。前文提到“Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingup
inlandfills."(每年數(shù)百萬(wàn)噸衣服被丟棄,近一半最終進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),接著說(shuō)t4thekicker:mostofitbarely
getswornbeforeit'sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.",大多數(shù)衣服在幾乎沒怎么穿就被
扔掠,這一情況在“每年大量衣服被丟棄'’的基礎(chǔ)上,是更令人意想不到和驚訝的。所以"thekicker"意思
是意想不到且令人驚訝的事,答案選Bo
(2025年嘉定一模)
Islidintothecar,abittriumphant.Theroadslookedfine,Ithought,barelyaninchofsnow,Istartedthecar
andpulledoutofthedriveway,feelingasurgeofindependence.ButasImademywaythroughtheneighborhood,
theslipperyroadstestedmyconfidence.Onesharpturnlater,andfwasintrouble—thecarstarted(oskid.Itried
toslowdown,butitwastoolate.Thecarslidrightintoasnowbank.
37.Whatdoestheword“triumphant"(paragraph5)mostlikelymean?
A.Amused.B.Proud.C.Embarrassed.D.Regretful.
【答案】37.B
【37題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Afterafewheatedwords,hesighedandhandedmethekeys.'Fine,butbecareful/
hesaid.(激烈地說(shuō)了幾句之后,他嘆了口氣,把鑰匙遞給了我。’很好,但要小心,’他說(shuō)。戶可知,激烈爭(zhēng)辯
后父親讓步,故作者應(yīng)是有些得意。故劃線詞意思是“得意的故選B。
(2025年崇明一模)
Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthetropica!(熱帶的)regions,whichhave
contributedleasttohistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferinelosses60%greaterthanthosein
highcrinc,highcrcmissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejusticeissue,astheseleastdeveloped
nationspossessfewerresourcestoadapttoincreasingclimateimpacts.
44.By“adisconcertingdisparity**inparagraph4,theauthormeans.
A.poorcountriesleastresponsibleforemissionwillsuffermostineconomy
B.itisprojectedthatpeopleintropicalcountrieswillearn60%lessby2050
C.higherinecountriesarereluctanttoinvestinslowingglobalwarming
D.higheremissioncountriesaretrying(ojustifytheirroleinclimateimpacts
【答案】44.A
44.詞義猜測(cè)題:根據(jù)第三段“nationswithinthetropicalregions,whichhavecontributedleasttohistorical
carbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferinelosses60%greaterthanthoseinhigherine,higheremission
countries^^可知,“adisconcertingdisparity”指的是對(duì)排放責(zé)任最小的貧窮國(guó)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)上遭受的損失最大,A
選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)理解錯(cuò)誤,不是熱帶國(guó)家人們收入減少60%,而是遭受的收入損失比高收入、高排放國(guó)
家大60%;C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及相關(guān)內(nèi)容。所以答案是Ao
(2025年金山一模)
JenniferBlackburnisa49yearoldwhohasfolloweddecadesoftryingdifferentdietsandmedicationsand
findinglittlesuccess.Inlate2022shestartedtakingOzempic,thediabetes(糖尿?。ヾrugthathasbccsynon、mous
withcelebrityweightloss.Theeffectislifechanging.
43.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1?
A.bekeenonB.heequivalenttoC.besuitableforD.befamiliarwith
【答案】43.B
【43題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文據(jù)heeffectis1ifbchanging.(其效果是改變生活)”以及最后一段“Jennifer
Blackburnhaslost16kilograms(andkeptitoff)."Ifeelhappier,moreconfident.^^saysBlackbum,"It'sabout
muchmorethansizeit'sliketheweightisliftedoffmyshoulders.,XJenniferBlackbum已經(jīng)減掉了16公斤(并一
直保持著)?!拔腋械礁鞓?,更自信?!癇lackbum說(shuō):“這不僅僅是體型的問(wèn)題——它就像卸下了我肩上
的重?fù)?dān)。及倒數(shù)第二段“Despiteallthese,sinceloadsofinfluencershavecheeredtheirslimmingsuccesseson
thesedrugs,itseemseverybodywantstotrythem.(盡管如此,由于許多網(wǎng)紅都為他們服用這些藥物減肥成功而
歡呼,似乎每個(gè)人都想嘗試它們)”可知,JenniferBlackburn因?yàn)榉肙zcmpic減掉了16公斤,且許多網(wǎng)紅
都服用藥物成功,這種藥物如今已經(jīng)成為名人減肥的代名詞。故劃線詞意思是“等同于,相當(dāng)于故選B。
>考點(diǎn)三:判斷推理題
解題策略
推斷則是指通過(guò)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析,推出文登未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷正確與否,
很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語(yǔ)氣及觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式:
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、文章的來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題等。
?立足原文內(nèi)容|:推理判斷必須以文章內(nèi)容為依據(jù),不能脫離原文進(jìn)行主觀臆斷。仔細(xì)閱讀文章,理解
文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息,找出與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵部分。
?尋找線索和暗示:關(guān)注文章中的關(guān)鍵詞、連接詞、修辭手法等,這些可能是推理的重要線索。例如,
-howcvcf-thcrcforc-等連接詞可以幫助我們理解作者的思路和觀點(diǎn)變化:比喻、象征等修辭手法可能
喑示作者的情感傾向。
?分析邏輯關(guān)系:考慮文章中的因果、對(duì)比、類比等邏輯關(guān)系。如果文章提到某種現(xiàn)象是由某個(gè)原因引
起的,那么在推理時(shí)可以依據(jù)這個(gè)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷;如吳是對(duì)比不同事物的特點(diǎn),就可以從對(duì)比中
得出對(duì)這些事物的評(píng)價(jià)。
?排除干擾選對(duì)于不符合原文邏輯和信息的選項(xiàng)要果斷排除。有些選項(xiàng)可能本身內(nèi)容正確,但與題
目要求的推理判斷無(wú)關(guān);有些選項(xiàng)可能是過(guò)度推斷,超出了原文所提供的范圍。
【典例剖析】
【2025屆上海市楊浦區(qū)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)考英語(yǔ)試題】
Takecancertreatment.Inrecentyears,newdrugshaveemergedtocontrolthesideeffectsexperiencedby
peoplereceivingchemotherapy.ButDrSaunderssaysthatvomitingandnauseahavenotcdownincancerpatients
byasmuchasexpected.Sociallearningmayberesponsible."They'llsay,theirmotherinlawhadchemotwenty
yearsagoandshewasvomitingeverysingleday,“DrSaunderssays."Thosekindsoflonghcldbeliefsarc
influencingthemnow,eventhoughthemedicallandscapehaschanged.n
16.CancertreatmentismentionedinPara.4toshow.
A.vomitingandnauseaarcmonnegativeoutes
B.thenoceboeffectcanleadtoharmfulresults
C.newdrugsarcineffectiveincontrollingthesideeffects
D.themedicalindustryhasundergonegreatchanges
【答案】16.B
16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Inrecentyears,newdrugshaveemergedtocontrolthesideeffects
experiencedbypeoplereceivingchemotherapy.ButDrSaunderssaysthatvomitingandnauseahavenotedownin
cancerpatientsbyasmuchasexpected.Sociallearningmayberesponsible."They'llsay,theirniotherinlawhad
chemotwentyyearsagoandshewasvomitingeverysingleday,^^DrSaunderssays."Thosekindsoflongheld
beliefsareinfluencingthemnow,eventhoughthemedicallandscapehaschanged.”(近年來(lái),控制化療患者副作用
的新藥不斷涌現(xiàn)。但桑德斯博士指出,癌癥患者的嘔吐和惡心癥狀降幅并未達(dá)到預(yù)期。社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)可能要對(duì)
此負(fù)責(zé)?!八麄儠?huì)說(shuō),他們二十年前做化療的岳母每天都嘔吐,”桑德斯博士說(shuō)?!氨M管醫(yī)療環(huán)境已經(jīng)發(fā)生了
變化,但這種長(zhǎng)期存在的觀念現(xiàn)在仍在影響著他們?!畯S可知,盡管醫(yī)療環(huán)境已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化,但長(zhǎng)期存在
的信念現(xiàn)在仍在影響著他們,可推理出提到癌癥治療是為了說(shuō)明反安慰劑效應(yīng)可能導(dǎo)致有害的結(jié)果。故選B
項(xiàng)“
(2025?上海虹口?二模)
IlookmyfirststepsdownthepathtomycareerasabroadcasterwhenIreturnedtoschoolaftertheholidays.
Iwasluckytobeinaclassofimaginativeandcreativeboyscrazyfbrrecorders,anditwasn'tlongbeforewe
startedtomakeourownradioprogrammes.Iwouldwanderround(heschoolwithmymicrophone,recordingmy
thoughtsinthestyleofthevoicesIheardontheradio.
Tenyearslater,1drewontheconfidencegainedfromthoseearlyinvolvementinsoundandwalkedintoa
radiostation,inthehopesofsellingmyselfasabroadcastjournalist.Twentyfiveyearslater,Ipresentedmyfirst
reportfbrBBCTV'sSixO'ClockNews,aprogrammemydadhadnevermissed.Althoughbythenhe'dbeendead
fbrmorethanadecade,Iliketothinkhe'dhaverealisedthathisinspiringChristmaspresenthadchangedmylife.
4.Accordingtothepassage,howdidthetaperecorderchangetheauthor'slife?
A.Itboostedtheauthor'sconfidenceinmunicatingwithpeople.
B.Ithelped(heauthordevelopacloserrelationshipwithhisfamily.
C.Itmadetheauthormoreinterestedinlisteningtonewsreports.
D.itsparkedtheauthor'spassionforsoundandbroadcasting.
【答案】4.D
4.推理判斷題c根據(jù)第六段“ItookmyfirststepsdownthepathtomycareerasabroadcasterwhenIreturnedto
schoolaftertheholidays.Iwasluckytobeinaclassofimaginativeandcreativeboyscrazyforrecorders,andit
wasn'tlongbeforewestartedtomakeourownradioprogrammes.Iwouldwanderroundtheschoolwithmy
microphone,recordingmythoughtsinthestyleofthevoicesIheardontheradio.(假期結(jié)束回到學(xué)校后,我邁出
了播音員職業(yè)道路上的第一步。我很幸運(yùn),能和一群對(duì)錄音機(jī)情有獨(dú)鐘、富有想象力和創(chuàng)造力的男孩在一
起,沒過(guò)多久,我們就開始制作目己的廣播節(jié)目。我會(huì)拿著麥克風(fēng)在學(xué)校里走來(lái)走去,用我在收音機(jī)里聽
到的聲音的方式記錄下我的想法。廠和最后一段的句子“Tenyearslater,Idrewontheconfidencegainedfrom
thoseearlyinvolvementinsoundandwalkedintoaradiostation,inthehopesofsellingmyselfasabroadcast
journalist.(十年后,我憑借早期對(duì)聲音的參與所獲得的信心,走進(jìn)了一家電臺(tái),希望把自己推銷為一名廣播
記者。)“可知,錄音機(jī)激發(fā)了作者對(duì)聲音和廣播的熱情。故選D項(xiàng)。
(2025?上海奉賢?二模)
Muicovci,figuicssuuhasRumaiiYampolskiypointvullha(picdiclinglliccxaullimclinciscxliciiicly
difficultduetotheexceptionalnatureof(hesingularityitself.Thedevelopmentsleadingtoasingularityinvolve
manyvariables,includingbreakthroughsinAIalgorithms,hardwarecapabilitiesandsocietalfactorsthatarchardto
forecastwithaccuracy.
3.WhatbestdescribesRomanYairpolskiy'sattitudetowardpredictingthesingularity?
A.Reserved.B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.
【答案】3.A
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexact
timelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.(此外,羅曼?亞姆波爾斯基等人
指出,由于技術(shù)奇點(diǎn)本身的特殊性,預(yù)測(cè)其確切的時(shí)間線極其困難)”可推知,羅曼?亞姆波爾斯基對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)技
術(shù)奇點(diǎn)的態(tài)度是有所保留的。故選A。
(2025?上海楊浦?二模)
SincetheIndustrialRevolution,everygenerationoffarmershashadtodealwiththetechnolcgicalchanges
ofthedayandtheyhavesuccessfullyadaptedtosurvive.Whoknows!AImaywellturnouttobejustthelatestina
longlineofchallengestobeembracedbyadaptableandspiritedfanners.Andanythingthatsavesmetheworryof
checkingtheweatherforecastdayandnightduringharvestseasonmustbeagoodthing.
4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofAIinagriculture?
A.Suspicious.B.Optimistic.
C.Neutral.D.Concerned.
【答案】4.B
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“AImaywellturnouttobejustthelatestinalonglineofchallengestobe
embracedbyadaptableandspiritedfarmers.Andanythingthatsavesmetheworryofcheckingtheweatherforecast
dayandnightduringharvestseasonmustbeagocxl由ing.(人工智能很可能只是一長(zhǎng)中挑戰(zhàn)中最新的一,t',這些
挑找將被適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)、精神充沛的農(nóng)民所接受。任何能讓我不用在收獲季節(jié)日夜查看天氣預(yù)報(bào)的事情都是
好事。)“可知,作者對(duì)AI節(jié)省人力,如免于日夜查看天氣預(yù)報(bào)積極評(píng)價(jià),因此推斷作者對(duì)人工智能在農(nóng)業(yè)
上的應(yīng)用持樂觀態(tài)度。故選B。
(2025?上海閔行?二模)
Beyondpiuclicc,cicalivilygiuwsinciiviiuninciilsdialcncuuiagccxpluialionandpi
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