第第頁人教版（2024）七年級下冊英語Unit2NoRules,NoOrder詞匯、短語及句式講義Unit2NoRules,NoOrder無規(guī)則，無秩序rule/ru?l/n.規(guī)則；規(guī)章rulern.尺；統(tǒng)治者maketherules制定規(guī)則breaktherules破壞規(guī)則Keepingtherulesisgoodforus!【注】Keepingtherules是動名詞短語作主語遵守規(guī)則對我們有好處！【填】________(swim)ismyfavouritesport.________(learn)Englishisdifficultforsomestudents.Therearetoomanyrulesinmylife.我的生活中有太多的規(guī)則。order/???d?(r)/n.秩序v.點菜or·dertakeone’sorder點菜keeporder維持秩序inordertodo目的是；以便；為了outoforder出故障Remember:Norules,noorder!記?。簺]有規(guī)則，就沒有秩序！follow/?f?l??/v.遵循；跟隨fol·lowfollowme跟我來followtherules遵守規(guī)則Acrossthecountry,inmanyschools,studentslikeusfollowrules!【注】acrossthecountry在全國各地=aroundthecountry=alloverthecountry在全國各地，在許多學校，像我們這樣的學生遵守規(guī)則！Iknowitcanbedifficulttofollowmanyrules.【注】it是形式主語，代替真正的主語tofollowmanyrules；itcanbedifficulttofollowmanyrules是Iknow的賓語從句，省略了連詞that。我知道遵守很多規(guī)則可能很困難。belatefor遲到belateforschool上學遲到belateforwork上班遲到Don’tbelateforschool.=Youmustn’tbelateforschool.上學不要遲到。arrive/??ra?v/v.到達【辨】到達reach+地點getto+地點arriveat+小地點arrivein+大地點如果后面有副詞，則去掉介詞這那里here,there樓上下upstairs,downstairs國內(nèi)外home,abroad例：gethome=arrivehome=reachhomear·rivearrivelate(強調(diào)動作)=belate（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）【填】in,at,to,/Hewillarrive_______thetrainstationat8:00tomorrowmorning.Theyarrived________Chinayesterdaybyplane.—Howsoonwillyouarrive_______home?Infivehours.Shearrived______herefiveminutesago.Wewillget_____Ningbothisafternoon.Whentheyreached________school,theywerealreadylate.ontime準時Arriveontime.=Youmustarriveontime.準時到達。hallway/?h??lwe?/n.走廊hall·wayDon’truninthehallways.【改同義句】________________________________不要在走廊里跑。uniform/?ju?n?f??m/n.校服；制服uni·formWeartheschooluniform.穿校服。litter/?l?t?(r)/v.亂扔n.垃圾lit·terNolittering!禁止亂扔垃圾！Don’tlitter.不要亂扔垃圾。polite/p??la?t/adj.有禮貌的politelyadv.禮貌地impoliteadj.不禮貌的impolitelyadv.不禮貌地po·litebepolitetosb.對某人很禮貌【填】Heis_______toeveryone.Hespeakstoeveryone________.It’s________toasksomeone’sage.treat/tri?t/v.對待；招待；治療n.款待treatmentn.治療treatsb.tosth.用某物款待某人treatsb.with…用…對待某人respect/r??spekt/n.&v.尊敬respectfuladj.尊敬的re·spectshowrespectforsb.向某人表示尊敬Bepoliteandtreateveryonewithrespect.禮貌待人，尊重大家。Youmustn’tbelateforclass.Thatshowsrespectforyourclassandteacher.你上課不能遲到。這是對你的班級和老師的尊重。if/?f/conj.如果Putupyourhandifyouwanttoaskyourteacheraquestion.如果你想問老師問題，請舉手。jacket/?d??k?t/n.夾克衫；短上衣jack·etSallymustn’twearherownjacketinschool.薩莉上學時不能穿自己的夾克。haveto不得不；必須【辨】必須must（強調(diào)說話者或聽話人的主觀意愿）只有現(xiàn)在時，沒有人區(qū)別；過去式用hadto;否定式是mustn’t不許，禁止，決不能；needn’t/don’thaveto不必haveto（強調(diào)客觀必須，法律、規(guī)定、他人的意愿等））三單形式hasto;過去時是hadto,將來時是willhaveto；否定式是don’thaveto(三單doesn’thaveto)，不必【譯】你必須穿校服。（haveto）_______________________________________【改一般疑問句】_______________________________________【肯定回答】______________________________________【否定回答】______________________________________【改否定句】______________________________________Ihavetoanswermyphone.我得接電話了。IhavetohurrytoschoolbecauseIcan’tbelateforschool.我必須趕緊去上學，因為我上學不能遲到。everything/?evriθ??/pron.每件事物；一切（單數(shù)概念）something某事；某物（通常用于肯定句）anything任何東西；任何事物（通常用于否定句或疑問句）nothing沒有什么=notanythingevery·thing【填】—______(be)everythingquiet?—Yes,__________________.Comeandhave________todrink.Isthere_______inthebox?No,thereisn’t________inthebox.Thereis___________.IseverythingOK?一切還好嗎？lend/lend/v.借給；借出(過去式/過去分詞lent)【辨】借lend借出lendsth.tosb.borrow借入borrowsth.fromsb.keep借用（一段時間）lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物供給某人【填】Canyou_______mesomemoney?Iwill______somemoneyfromhim.HowlongcanI_____thisbook?Here,Icanlendyoumypen.【改同義句】________________________________來，我可以把我的鋼筆借給你。sweet/swi?t/n.糖果adj.甜的Wouldyoulikeasweet?你想吃甜食嗎？snack/sn?k/n.點心；小吃Wecan’teatsnacksinclass.我們不能在課堂上吃零食。ofcourse當然【同】sure/certainlyCanwedrinkwater?Yes,ofcourse.我們能喝水嗎？是的，當然。mobile/?m??ba?l/adj.可移動的mo·bilemobilephone手機Oh,butwemustn’tbringourmobilephonestoclass.哦，但我們不能把手機帶到課堂上。turnoff關掉（水、電或煤氣）turnoffthelight=turnthelightoffturnitoff但不能說turnoffit代名詞賓格只能緊跟在turn后面Wehavetoturnthemoffandkeeptheminourlockers.我們必須把它們關掉，放在我們的儲物柜里。queue/kju?/n.隊；行列jumpthequeue插隊相當于cutinlinewaitfor等待Don’tjumpthequeue.Youhavetowaitforyourturn.【注】turn這里是名詞,(依次輪到的)機會waitforyourturn等著輪到你taketurns輪流It’smyturn.輪到我了。whoseturn輪到誰了不要插隊。你得等輪到你了。just/d??st/adv.只是；正好justnow剛才（過去時）justthen就在那時（過去時）Youcanjustaskyourteacheraquestioninclass.你可以在課堂上問老師一個問題。leave/li?v/v.離開；留下(過去式/過去分詞left)leaveAforB離開A地去B地leaveforB動身去B地CanIleavetheclassifIdon’tfeelwell?如果我感覺不舒服，我可以離開教室嗎？absent/??bs?nt/adj.缺席的；不在的absence/??bs?ns/n.缺席present/?prez?nt/adj.出席的ab·sentbeabsentfrom缺席；不在beabsentfromschool沒上學beabsentfromclass缺課Yes,butyoumusttellyourteacheraboutitwhenyouhavetobeabsentfromclass.【注】tellsb.aboutsth.向某人講述某事when在任何時候=wheneverwhenyouhavetobeabsentfromclass作時間狀語從句。是的，但當你不得不缺課時，你必須告訴你的老師?！竞喜ⅰ縲henAskyourteacherforhelp.Youhaveaproblem.____________________________________________________________________________shh/?/interj.噓（用以讓別人安靜下來）quietly/'kwa??tli/adv.輕聲地；安靜地quietadj.安靜的；輕聲的quiet·lyShh,wemusttalkquietlyinthelibrary.噓，我們必須在圖書館里輕聲地交談。belt/belt/n.安全帶；腰帶；皮帶Canyouputonyourseatbelt?你能系上安全帶嗎？feed/fi?d/v.喂養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)（過去式/過去分詞fed）feed…to…把…喂給…feedon…以…為食noise/n??z/n.聲音；噪聲noisyadj.吵鬧的noisilyadv.吵鬧地makeanoise發(fā)出響聲Wemustn’tmakeanoise.我們不能吵鬧。unhappy/?n?h?pi/adj.不快樂的；不幸福的happyadj.快樂的；幸福的happilyadv.快樂地；幸福地happinessn.幸?！就亍?un否定詞綴un·happy【變】把以下形容詞改成反義詞happy________不幸福的friendly________不友好的known_______不知名的important______不重要的fair________不公平的lucky__________不幸的WhyisAliceunhappy?愛麗絲為什么不高興？Dr(=doctor)/?d?kt?(r)/n.博士；醫(yī)生DearDrKnow敬愛的Know博士makethebed整理床鋪；鋪床Everymorning,Ihavetomakemybedbeforebreakfast.每天早上，我必須在早餐前整理床鋪。either/?a?e?(r);?i?e?r/adv.也（用于否定詞組后）【辨】也肯定句中的“也”有三個also:動詞前，be/情態(tài)詞/助動詞后too:肯定句/肯定疑問句尾，有逗號aswell:肯定句尾，無逗號否定句的“也”有一個either:否定句尾，有逗號ei·thereither…or…要么……要么……表示選擇，用于連接兩個并列的成分【譯】Youcaneithergoorstay.______________________________________【填】Petercan’tgoandIcan’t________.Shecan_____swim.Shewentaway________.Ishelateforclass,________?Theyaremakingthebednow,_______.Wewon’tmakeanoise,________.WhenI’minschool,Imustn’tusethephone.Inclass,either.【注】Inclass,either.是簡省句，完整的句子是WhenI’minclass,Imustn’tusethephone,either.因為句子的大部分內(nèi)容和上面一句有重合，因此省略重合的內(nèi)容，只剩下新的內(nèi)容。當我在學校的時候，我不能用電話。在課堂上，也不能。practice/?pr?kt?s/v.訓練；練習prac·ticepracticesth.練習某事practicedoingsth.練習做某事practicethepiano=practiceplayingthepianoIcanonlyplaybasketballafterIpracticethepiano.我只有練完鋼琴才能打籃球。hang/h??/v.懸掛（過去式hung,過去分詞hung）gethanged被絞死hangon緊緊抓住，堅持下去hangup掛斷電話hangover…懸浮在…之上hangout閑逛；常去某處weekday/?wi?kde?/n.工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天）week·dayIcan’thangoutwithmyfriendsonweekdays.工作日我不能和朋友們出去玩。Youcanhangoutwithfriendsatweekends!——表示建議周末你可以和朋友們出去玩！awful/???fl/adj.糟糕的aw·fulIknowsomerulesareimportant,butthisisawful.我知道有些規(guī)則很重要，但這太可怕了。become/b??k?m/v.成為（過去式became,過去分詞become）【注】表示狀態(tài)變化的系動詞（后面接形容詞或名詞短語）保持類：keep,remain,stay變化類：get,turn,go,become,fallbe·comebetter/?bet?(r)/adj.較好adv.較好地（good和well的比較級）bet·terperson/?p??sn/n.人(復數(shù)是people)personaladj.個人的；私人的per·soninperson當面；親自Theycanhelpyoutobecomeabetterperson.它們可以幫助你成為一個更好的人。focus/?f??k?s/v.集中（注意力、精力等）；n.焦點fo·cusfocuson集中（注意力、精力等）于Youcan’tuseyourphoneinclassbecauseyouneedtofocusonlearning.你不能在課堂上使用手機，因為你需要專注于學習。build/b?ld/v.創(chuàng)建；建造buildern.建設者buildingn.建筑物spirit/?sp?r?t/n.精神；情緒；心靈；勇氣spiritual/?sp?r?t?u?l/adj.精神的，心靈的spir·itteamspirit團隊精神raisesb.’sspirit=cheersb.up使振奮；使鼓起勇氣thespiritoftheLongMarch長征精神Youhavetowearauniformbecauseitbuildsschoolspirit.你必須穿校服，因為它能塑造校風。thinkabout思考Youcanalsothinkaboutthethingsyoucando.【注】you