PAGEPAGE1Unit18Beauty實(shí)力提升題組訓(xùn)練(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024山東威海二模)It’shair-raisingnewsforcriminalsontherun.Scientistsbehindanewstudyhaveworkedouthowtoidentifyindividualsonlybasedontheproteins(蛋白質(zhì))inasinglestrandoftheirhair.WhilethepolicealreadylookatDNAfromhairaspartofinvestigations,thetechniqueisfarfromideal:DNAiseasilydegradable,meaningitcanonlybeanalysedwithinacertaintimeperiodafterthecrime.Butthenewtechniquecouldevenbeusedtosolvehistoricalorarchaeologicalcases,makingitfarsuperiortoDNAsequencinginmanyways.DNAdegradationdependsonseveralenvironmentalfactorsincludingtemperature,humidityandPH.Itisalsoaffectedbytheactivityofbacteriaandothermicroorganisms.Incontrast,actualhairscansurviveforalongtime—sometimescenturies.Afterbonesandteeth,hairisinfactoneofthemostresistantstructuresofthehumanbody.Inordertounderstandhowtheproteincanbeusedtoidentifyindividuals,itisimportanttounderstandthatproteinsarecodedbyDNA.Thismeansthatacertainlevelofthegeneticvariationthatweseeindifferentpeople’sDNApassesintotheirproteins.Infact,geneticinformationintheDNAistranslatedintoamino-acidchainsthatmakeupproteins.Themethodnotonlyallowsforhumanidentificationbutitcanalsorevealhowoldthesampleisandwhatregionitcomesfrom,sothatwecandistinguishbetweencurrentandancientsamples.Butwhilethediscoveryisexciting,thetechniqueisnotquitepolishedenoughtobeusedinthecourtroom.Themaintasknowwillbetoanalysehairsamplesfromallovertheworld,whichwillmakeitalotmorereliable.Thenewdiscoverywillboostthesignificanceofhairasevidenceincourts,atatimewhensomeforensic(司法鑒定的)disciplineshavebeencriticisedintheUS.Itwillalsobeofgreatuseinarchaeology.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.DNAevidenceisfarfromideal. B.Criminalsontherungethair-raisingnews.C.Scientistsareplanningatestofhumanhair. D.Humanscanbeidentifiedbyproteinsinhair.2.Whichevidenceismorereliableforthepolicetoidentifyacriminal?A.Lostteeth. B.Thefootprint. C.Personalbelongings. D.DamagedDNA.3.InwhatwayisthenewtechniquesuperiortoDNAtest?A.Servingasevidenceincourts. B.Possessinggeneticinformation.C.Inferringtheheightofaperson. D.Distinguishingtheregionofaperson.4.Whowillwelcomethediscovery?A.Criminals. B.Employers. C.Hairdressers. D.Archaeologists.語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。盡管大多數(shù)犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)都含有人的毛發(fā),但是細(xì)胞核DNA往往缺失,阻礙了案件的偵破。為此,法醫(yī)界也在主動(dòng)開發(fā)DNA分析以外的身份識(shí)別技術(shù)。美國聯(lián)邦平安試驗(yàn)室近日提出了一種方法,將毛發(fā)中的蛋白標(biāo)記物與DNA分析相結(jié)合,可實(shí)現(xiàn)更精確的人類身份識(shí)別。答案及剖析:1.D主旨大意題。依據(jù)全文可知,探討表明,可以通過對(duì)人毛發(fā)中的蛋白質(zhì)的分析來確定一個(gè)人的身份。故選D項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中Afterbonesandteeth,hairisinfactoneofthemostresistantstructuresofthehumanbody.可知,對(duì)骨骼和牙齒的分析數(shù)據(jù)最為牢靠。3.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中Themethodnotonlyallowsforhumanidentificationbutitcanalsorevealhowoldthesampleisandwhatregionitcomesfrom,sothatwecandistinguishbetweencurrentandancientsamples.可知,這一方法不僅可以顯示個(gè)人身份,還可以顯示標(biāo)本的來源地。4.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中Itwillalsobeofgreatuseinarchaeology.可知,這一發(fā)覺在考古學(xué)探討方面價(jià)值極高。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五Lifegettingyoudown?Learntobounceback“Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger.”Nietzschesaid.Thereareanumberofwaysthatcangetusthroughtoughtimes,helpustobouncebackandmakeushappier.1.

Findsomethingyoucancontrol.2.Buttakingsmall,positivestepsinanyareaofourlifecanhavearippleeffect,enablingustomoveforwardintheproblemarea.

3.

Asaspecies,wetendtofocusonwhat’swrongratherthanwhat’sright.Butwecanbenefitalotfrompayingattentiontowhat’sgoingright.Psychologistshaveshownconsciouslyfocusingonthesegoodthingshelpstoincreaseourexperienceofpositiveemotions.Checkyourthinking.4.LeadingpsychologistMartinSeligmanfoundthatthewayweinterpretthecausesofeverydaysetbackscanhaveasignificantimpactonourabilitytocopeandourphysicalhealth.Healsoshowedwecanlearnmoreresilient(有彈性的)thinkingstyles.

Distractyourself.Whenweareimmersedinaproblem,itishardtothinkcreativelyaboutwaystodealwithit.Itoftenhelpstotaketimeoutfromthethingsyouareworryingabout.5.Notonlydoesthisgiveusabreakfromwhatwe’redoingandourworries,it’salsogreatforourminds.

A.Alwaysdosomethingthatisright.B.It’struethattherearelotsofthingswecan’tcontrol.C.Aneffectivewayoftakingtimeoutisexercise.D.Nexttimeyouarefeelingstressedorstuck,givethematry.E.Focusonwhat’sright.F.Nexttimesomethinggoeswrongforyou,pauseforamoment.G.Thewaywethinkcandestroyourownresilience.答案:1-5DBEGCⅢ.完形填空Iamagirl,butIwasborntobearebel(反叛者).Ilikegamesthatcanbe1.Someofthe2Ilike,evenboyswon’tplay!

Wrestlingis3seenasasportformen,butI4toseeifIcoulddoit.EverySaturdaymorning,Igotoutofbedearlytogoandwatchmybrother5.Frommorningtonight,Iwouldsitwatchingthe6haveallthefun.Sincethen,wrestlinghasbeenpartofmy7.Forthreeyears,I8alltheboysandbecamethebestplayerintheteam.

IfIwasina9,nearlyallthemotherstoldtheirsons:“Don’tletthatgirlbeatyou.”Mybestmemoryofwrestlingiswhenaboywalkedoff10he’dlosttoagirl.

My11matchwasatthisyear’sGirls’StateWrestlingChampionships.Iwasso12.IwassureIwouldwin.Myheartwasbeatinghardwhenthematchstarted.Icouldsee13butmyopponent(對(duì)手).Whenthefinalwhistle(哨子)blew,Ihad14byfourpoints.Thecamerasandlightsallturnedtome:Iwasthenewwrestlingchampion.Ifeltso15.Butafterafewminutesof16beingachampion,painbegantorunthroughmyknee.

BecauseIhurtmyknee,my17ofbeinganationalchampionended.Evenso,Istill18towrestlenextyearwhenIgotocollege.Ihave19thatyoucandoanythingyouwantifyouputyour20intoit.

1.A.interesting B.surprising C.dangerous D.famous2.A.sports B.events C.books D.boys3.A.usually B.ever C.rarely D.never4.A.afforded B.argued C.decided D.happened5.A.roll B.run C.fight D.practice6.A.boys B.girls C.teammates D.friends7.A.life B.way C.work D.study8.A.knocked B.hit C.beat D.injured9.A.chance B.training C.match D.sport10.A.shouting B.smiling C.laughing D.crying11.A.longest B.shortest C.worst D.best12.A.upset B.great C.pleased D.excited13.A.anything B.nothing C.everything D.something14.A.won B.lost C.led D.gained15.A.surprised B.hopeful C.happy D.nervous16.A.accepting B.suiting C.learning D.enjoying17.A.story B.plan C.goal D.dream18.A.remember B.believe C.want D.doubt19.A.noticed B.learned C.regretted D.mastered20.A.heart B.time C.foot D.joy語篇解讀:這是一篇關(guān)于一個(gè)小女孩的勵(lì)志故事。答案及剖析:1.C依據(jù)rebel這個(gè)詞,還有后文提到的摔跤,結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,摔跤是比較危急的。所以答案是C。2.A依據(jù)下一段提到的摔跤,加上“asasport”,可推斷出最合適的是A選項(xiàng)。3.A此句想表達(dá)的是“摔跤被看作是男人的運(yùn)動(dòng)”,依據(jù)選項(xiàng)比較,最合適的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“通常”。所以答案是A。

4.C“affordtodo”擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闷鹉呈?“argue”爭(zhēng)辯;“decidetodosth”確定做某事;“happentodo”碰巧做某事;依據(jù)句意可以推斷出答案是C。5.D依據(jù)此段中的“Sincethen”,上半段是造成作者愛上摔跤的緣由之一。所以,作者每周六早上去看哥哥摔跤,這是最符合邏輯的。6.A上文提到“摔跤基本是男人的運(yùn)動(dòng)”,再加上作者去看哥哥摔跤,所以最符合邏輯的是A。7.A閱讀下文,可見作者是很喜愛摔跤這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的;此句“自此以后,摔