譯林版（2024）七年級下冊U3grammar冠詞+方位介詞講解及練習知識導圖一 冠詞的分類及特征 不定冠詞的用法冠詞 定冠詞的用法 零冠詞的用法固定搭配中的冠詞知識1冠詞功能概述冠詞分為定冠詞（the）、不定冠詞（a/an）和零冠詞（標記為“/”）。在名詞短語中，冠詞總是位于名詞之前，如aboy。若名詞之前有形容詞修飾，冠詞一般位于形容詞之前，如anhonestboy。知識2不定冠詞 一、不定冠詞的基本用法1.泛指某人或某物Wouldyoulikeasandwich?2.泛指一類人或物Achildneedsloveandaffection.孩子需要愛和關懷。3.用于第一次提到的人或事物Heboughtahouse,butthisisnotthehousehebought.4.表示數(shù)量，相當于“one”You’llhavetowaitanhourortwo.5.表示“每一”“某一”“同一”Theeggscost$2adozen.雞蛋每打2美元。ThereisaMrTomWilkinsonthephone.有一位湯姆·威爾金斯先生打來。Theyarechildrenofanage.他們是同齡的孩子。二、用于某些固定詞組中的不定冠詞beinahurry匆忙 havealookat看一看 takeacloselookat近距離觀察haveagiftfordoingsth.做某事有天賦 haveagoodtime玩得開心takeabreak休息 haveatry試一試 abigsuccess巨大的成功Whatapity/shame!真遺憾/羞愧！三、不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別冠詞用法例句a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前LinTaoisauniversitystudent.an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前Idon'tthinkJennyisanhonestgirl.1.26個英文字母的音標單個字母前用an的有：aefhilmnorsx記憶口訣：李先生有一只狐貍。MrLihasonefox.2.常見易誤判元輔音的單詞aEuropean[?j??r??pi??n]country一個歐洲國家auniversity[?ju?n??v??s?ti]一所大學anumbrellaanhonest[??n?st]man一個誠實的男人anhour aoneeyedogan8yearoldboy an11meterlongbridge知識3定冠詞一、定冠詞的基本用法 1.當名詞后有具體的后置定語修飾時,表示特指,要用定冠詞the（常見的后置修飾語有各種介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語、定語從句等）Aftertakingtheclass(fromTiangongspacestation)onOctober12th,2022,Ibecameinterestedinscience.2.特指上文提到的或者雙方都熟悉的人或物IboughtanEnglishdictionarythismorning.Thedictionaryisverygood.Thereissomeoneatthedoor.3.用于單數(shù)名詞前,泛指某類人或事物Thisbookgivessomeusefultipsforthebeginner.4.表示世界上獨一無二的事物Theearthmovesaroundthesun.5.用在表示江、河、湖、海、山、島、沙漠等名稱的專有名詞前theAlps阿爾卑斯山脈theRiverThames泰晤士河6.用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前theGreatWall長城theSummerPalace頤和園7.用于表示樂器的名詞前Ilikeplayingthepiano/violin.8.用于表示方位的名詞前JiangsuliesintheeastofChinawhileJapanistotheeastofChina.Myofficeisjusttotheleftofthemaindoor.9.用于最高級、序數(shù)詞、last和only前Ofalltheboys,AlanisthebeststudentwhospeaksSpanish.Afterthegame,thefirstthingtheywanttodoistotakeahotbath.ElephantsaretheonlyanimalsinAfricathatdigdeepholesinsearchofwater.10.用于姓氏復數(shù)前表示一家人或夫婦TheGreenslivenexttous.11.用于形容詞前表示一類人thedisabled殘疾人theold老年人12.用于整十的年份復數(shù)之前表示年代IbegantolearnEnglishinthe1980s.我在20世紀80年代開始學英語。二、用在某些固定搭配中的定冠詞attheageof...在...歲時 inthebeginning/end在開始/最后theimportanceof.......的重要性 atthesametime與此同時inthehopeof...希望... inthefaceof...面對...ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面...,另一方面...知識4零冠詞一、零冠詞的基本用法1.不可數(shù)名詞表示一般概念或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)表示泛指時,前面不加冠詞Theyareteachers,notstudents.Thedeskismadeofwood.2.名詞前已有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、this、that、every等詞時,不加冠詞Everychildlikeswatchingcartoons.3.在表示日期、星期、月份、季節(jié)等詞的前面用零冠詞（但若特指某年的某個月份或某年的某個季節(jié),則需要在月份、季節(jié)前加the）June1stisChildren'sDay.Helikesspring,becauseinspring,everythingbeginstogrow.Inthespringof1999,hecametothelonelyislandandplantedmanytrees.4.學科、一日三餐、球類運動和棋牌類游戲前不加冠詞Doyoulikephysics?No,butIlikeplayingbasketballandchess.Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfasttoday.注意：一日三餐前有形容詞修飾時，要加不定冠詞，如：haveabigbreakfast 5.與by連用的交通工具名詞前用零冠詞bycar,bytrain（takeacar,inaboat,onthebike等短語中的交通工具名詞前需加冠詞）6.一些國名、人名、街道名、廣場、車站等專有名詞前用零冠詞Tian’anmenSquare天安門廣場WallStreet華爾街NanjingRoad南京路7.含有mount、lake、river等的專有名詞前用零冠詞MountTaishan泰山LakeBaikal貝加爾湖二、用在某些固定搭配中的零冠詞ontime準時;makefunof取笑;…知識導圖二 地理位置中的in/on/to方位介詞 方位介詞辨析知識1地理位置中的in/on/toinonto總結：在內(nèi)部用in,接壤用on,相隔用to知識二方位介詞辨析方位介詞(短語)意義及用法例句atin意為“在…”。?at后面一般跟小地點。?in后面一般跟大地點。Heisn’tatschool.Heisathome.他不在學校,他在家。HowlongwillyoustayinNanjing?你將在南京待多久?abovebelowoverunderon?above“在…上方”,桌上方有一燈。對應詞是below。?over“在…上方”,指在正上方,不接觸表面，對應詞是under。?on“在…上面”兩者之間有接觸。Thereisalightabovemydesk.我的書Theylivebelowus.他們住在我們樓下。Isthereabridgeovertheriver?河上有座橋嗎？Thereisaballundermychair.我的椅子下面有一個球。Mycupisonthetable.我的杯子在桌子上。infrontofinthefrontofbefore意為“在…前面”。?infrontof指在某物外部的前面。?inthefrontof指在某物內(nèi)部的前面。?before的對應詞為behind“在…后面”。Thereisaparkinfrontofourhouse.我們的房子前面有一個公園。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老師正坐在教室的前面。JacksitsbeforeJimandbehindAmy.杰克坐在吉姆的前面,埃米的后面。insideoutsideinside“在…里面”,其對應詞是outside“在…外面”。Iaminsidethehousenow.我現(xiàn)在在房里。Whoisthatmanoutsidetheschoolgate?校門外的那位男士是誰?besidenextto兩者可以互換。eandsitbeside/nexttome.過來坐在我的旁邊。betweenamong意為“在…中間”。?between主要表示在兩者之間或兩兩之間。?among表示在三者或三者以上之間。Thereisabenchbetweenthetwotrees.這兩棵樹之間有一條長椅。Understandingbetweennationsisveryimportant.國家間的相互理解是很重要的。Shelivesinthathouseamongthetrees.她住在樹林中的那座房子里。冠詞專項練習一、單項選擇1.NowmanypeoplemakegreatvideosaboutChinaonTikTokandletmoreforeignersknow_____differentChina.A.a B.an C.the D./2.AsastudentinmodernChina,everybodyshouldworkhardtolive_____meaningfullife.A.a B.an C.the D.不填3.There'snodoubtthatreadingplays_____importantroleinourdailylives.A.a B.an C.the D./4.TravellingtoYancheng,_____beautifulseasidecity,isafantasticexperience.A.a B.an C.the D./5.MeandMyWinterGamesis_____interestingfilm.It'sagiftforBeijing2022.A.a B.an C.the D./6.Kittysometimeseats_____orangeorsomegrapesafterlunch.A.an B.a C.the D./7.Sandyis_____Australiangirl.ShecametoChinafortravellingwithherparentslastweek.A.a B.an C.the D./8.Danielhad_____egg,apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.a B.an C.the D./9.Yancheng,_____energeticcity,hassetuptraderelationswithlotsofcountriesandareas.A.a B.anC.the D./10.Johnusedtobeadancer.Nowheisteachingat_____universityinChina.A.the B./ C.an D.a11.Thereis_____usefulrobotintherestaurantnearmyhome.Itcanservefoodtocustomers.A.an B.the C.a D./12.Chinais_____Asiancountry,whileFranceis_____Europeancountry.A.an;a B.a;an C.an;an D.a;a13.TakingHighSchoolEntranceExaminationonemonthlaterthanusualwillbe________unforgettableeventforus.A.a B.an C.the D./14.Kelly'scheesecakesweresoldoutwithinhalf_____houratthenightmarket.A.a B.an C.the D./15.What_____pitythatyoucouldn’tgototheparty!A.a B.an C.the D./16.What_____unusualsuggestionSuzyhasgivenus!Yes,indeed.Ithinkitwillbeofgreathelptoourstudy.A.a B.an C.the D./17.盲填Justinis_____18yearoldstudent.Heisthinkingabouthowtospendhismoneyduringthesummervacation.18.盲填Openthedoorforothersandtheywillthankyou.Thosearoundyouwillcertainlyappreciate（贊賞）yourgoodmanners.Keepinmindthatasmalldeedmakes_____bigdifference.19.盲填Itwasabeautifulday.Iwasclimbingthemountainquickly.SoonIwasgoingtoreachthetop.Allof_____sudden,Islipped（滑倒）.20.Bettybegantoplay______violinattheageoffour.Nowondersheplayssowell.A.a B.an C.the D./21.Iusuallyhave_____lunchwithmyclassmatesatschool.A./ B.a C.an D.the22.Autumnis_____bestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.A./ B.a C.an D.the23.Mybrotheroftenplays_____footballwithhisclassmatesafterschool.A.a B.an C./ D.the24.The2022WinterOlympicsimpressedmealot,and_____momentXuMengtaowonthegoldmedalmovedmethemost.A.a B.an C.the D.不填25.Asanoldsayinggoes,"Hewhohasneverbeento_____GreatWallisnotatrueman."A.a B.an C.the D./26.Doyouknow2019istheYearofthePig?Sure.Thepigis_____twelfthsignintheChinesezodiaccycle（生肖）.A.a B.an C.the D./27.Qingdaoisabeautifulcitythatliesin_____eastofChina.A.an B./ C.the D.a28.Benjaminhaslearnedthatitisnotpolitetomake_____funofothers.A.a B.an C.the D./29.盲填HeshowedmeaphototakenonMountTaishan.In______photo,Ihardlyfoundhim,becausethereweresomanypeople.30.盲填Withtheheatofsummer,plantsandcropswillbegintogrowmuchfaster.SofarmersarealwayshappytowelethearrivalofLixia.Thisis_____besttimeoftheyeartoplantmiddleseasonriceinthesouthernpartofChina.31.盲填Oneday,thefatherdecidedtohelphissonsstopfighting,sohebroughtthemtogether.Hetiedsevenchopstickstogether,andsaid,"Iwillgiveallofmymoneyto_____onewhocanbreakthisbundle（捆）."32.Chinahashelpedend70%ofpovertyworldwidesince_____late1970s,accordingto_____WorldBank.A.a;aB.the;the C.a;the D.the;a33.In2016,_____ChinasetApril24as_____country'sSpaceDay.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the34.Whyareyousohappy?It'ssaidthatwe'llhave_____8dayholidayfor_____SpringFestivalofthisyear.A.a;an B.an;/C.an;the D.a;the35.Weusuallygoswimmingin_____summer.Butin_____summerof2018,wedidn’t.A./;/ B.a;a C./;the D.a;/36.Haveyouseen_____TVdrama"WhoIsHe"?Ofcourse.Ihaveneverseensuch_____amazingTVdrama.A.a;an B.the;/ C.the;an D.a;/37.Doyouknowhowtospell_____word"expensive"inEnglish?Yes.Itbeginswith_____"e".A.the;a B.the;an C.a;anD.the;the38.Doyouknow2024istheYearof_____Dragon?Sure.Thedragonis_____fifthsignintheChinesezodiaccycle（生肖）.A.a;the B./;the C.the;the D.the;/39._____Wuxiyouseetodayisquite_____differentcityfromtheonethatitusedtobe.A.The;/ B./;the C.The;a D.A;a40.Canyousee_____oneeyedmonkeyin_____tree?Yes,hereitis.A.a,the B.an,the C./,the D.a,a41.Whichuniversitydoyouwanttogoto?Iprefer_____universityin_____EnglishspeakingcountrysothatIcanpractiseEnglishoften.A.an;a B.a;an C.the;a D.an;the冠詞+方位介詞綜合練習一、單項選擇（）1.Yangzhouis_____cityfullof_____history,cultureandmouthwateringfood.A.the;a B.a;a C.the;theD.a;/（）2.Beyond_____starstheastronautsawnothingbut_____space.A.the;/ B./;the C./;/ D.the;the（）3.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.A./ B.a C.the D.one（）4.Aferwatching_____TV,sheplayed_____violinforanhour.A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the（）5.Haveyouseen_____pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit_____blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a（）6._____usuallygotochurcheverySunday.A.TheBrown B.ABrown C.Browns D.TheBrowns（）7.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles_____hour.A.an B./ C.the D.a（）8._____earthweliveonisbiggerthan_____moon.A.The;a B.The,the C.An;a D.An;the（）9.What'sthematterwithyou?Icaught_____badcoldandhadtostayin_____bed.A.a;/ B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the（）10.Doyouknow_____ladyinblue?Yes.Sheis_____teacherof_____university.A.the;a;a B.a;the;a C.the;a;an D.a;a;an（）11.Theinvestigatorsfoundthatmoreshouldbedonefor_____poorinIndia.A.those B.a C./ D.the（）12.What_____excitingfootballmatch!OurteambeatTom'steamatlast.A.a B.an C.the D./（）13.IntheUnitedStates,Father'sDayfallson_____thirdSundayin_____June.A.the;/ B.the;a C./;the D.a;/（）14.Ihavetwodogs._____blackoneistwoyearsoldand_____yellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A;a B.The;a C.The;the D.A;the（）15._____newbridgewillbebuiltover_____YangtzeRiver.A.The;a B.A;/ C.A;the D.A;a（）16.HongKongis_____thesouthofChina,andMacaois_____thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;to C.to;in D.in:in（）17.Look_____themap_____China_____thewall,please.A.after,of,in B.at;of;in C.after;in;onD.at;of;on（）18.I'dlikemorepapertowrite_____. A./ B.on C.in D.with（）19.Ididn'tgotowork_____busthismorning.Iwenttowork_____Tom'scar.A.by;by B.on;in C.in;by D.by;in（）20.Feelingshy,sheputherhands_____herface.A.above