高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1江西省六校聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestExhibitionsin2024:NorthAmericaEdRuscha:NowThenMuseumofModernArt,NewYorkSeptember10,2024toJanuary13,2025EdRuscha’suseoflanguageasanartistictoolchangedthefaceofpost-warart.TheexhibitionwilltrackthefullbreadthofRuscha’scareerover65years,withoutnarrowlydefininghim.Mirroringhisowncross-disciplinaryapproach,itwillfeatureover250worksshowinghimaspainter,bookmaker,filmmaker,andphotographer.MarisolEscobar:ARetrospectiveMontrealMuseumofFineArtsOctober7,2024toJanuary21,2025MarisolEscobarisbestknownforcarvedwoodensculpturesthatshedecoratedwithdrawings,fabricandfoundobjects.Somecriticscharacterizedherasafolkartist.TheshowwillfeatureallMarisol’sclassicalworks,aswellassourcematerials,studiesandpersonalphotographstoillustrateherworkingmethodsandlife.Homage(致敬)toCarlaStellweg:CultivateMuseoTamayo,MexicoCityThroughoutAugust,2024CarlaStellweghasplayedavitalpartinthedevelopmentofaconnectionbetweenMexicanartandtheinternationalartworld.Sheco-foundedMexico’sfirstcontemporaryartmagazine,whichbecameavitalplatformconnectingLatinAmericanartists.Thisexhibitionbringstogetherarchival(檔案的)materialsandtheworkofartistsshe’scooperatedwith,andcentersherasacrucialagentinLatinAmericancontemporaryart.WilliamBlake:VisionaryTheGettyCenter,LosAngelesOctober17,2024toJanuary14,2025WilliamBlakewasanEnglishpoet,painterandprintmaker.Bycombininghispoetryandimageryonthepagethroughuniquetechniques,hecreatedsomeofthemoststrikingimageryinBritishartandhassinceinspiredcountlessboundary-breakingartistsincludingWaltWhitmanandJimiHendrix.Thisexhibitionwillexploretheartist-poet’simaginativeworldthroughhismostcelebratedworks.1.Whichexhibitionisavailableforthelongestperiod?A.EdRuscha:NowThen B.MarisolEscobar:ARetrospectiveC.WilliamBlake:Visionary D.HomagetoCarlaStellweg:Cultivate2.Whichexhibitionhighlightsanartist’sroleasaculturalbridge-builder?A.EdRuscha:NowThen B.HomagetoCarlaStellweg:CultivateC.MarisolEscobar:ARetrospective D.WilliamBlake:Visionary3.WhatdoMarisolEscobarandWilliamBlakehaveincommon?A.Bothweremisunderstoodasfolkartists. B.BothinspiredmusicianslikeJimiHendrix.C.Theworksofbothmixdifferentartisticforms. D.Theirexhibitionsfeaturepersonalphotographs.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了北美2024年四個(gè)最值得一看的藝術(shù)展，包括舉辦地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、主要展出內(nèi)容等?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EdRuscha:NowThen中的“September10,2024toJanuary13,2025(2024年9月10日至2025年1月13日)”、MarisolEscobar:ARetrospective中的“October7,2024toJanuary21,2025(2024年10月7日至2025年1月21日)”、Homage(致敬)toCarlaStellweg:Cultivate中的“ThroughoutAugust,2024(2024年整個(gè)8月)”和WilliamBlake:Visionary中的“October17,2024toJanuary14,2025(2024年10月17日至2025年1月14日)”可知，Ruscha展覽約4個(gè)月，Marisol約3.5個(gè)月，Blake約3個(gè)月，Carla1個(gè)月。所以EdRuscha開放時(shí)間最長。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Homage(致敬)toCarlaStellweg:Cultivate中的“CarlaStellweghasplayedavitalpartinthedevelopmentofaconnectionbetweenMexicanartandtheinternationalartworld.(CarlaStellweg在墨西哥藝術(shù)與國際藝術(shù)界的聯(lián)系發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。)”可知，是CarlaStellweg將墨西哥藝術(shù)與國際藝術(shù)連接起來。culturalbridge-builder就是在兩國建立connection的同義替換。CarlaStellweg的展覽強(qiáng)調(diào)她連接墨西哥藝術(shù)與國際藝術(shù)界的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MarisolEscobar:ARetrospective中的“MarisolEscobarisbestknownforcarvedwoodensculpturesthatshedecoratedwithdrawings,fabricandfoundobjects.Somecriticscharacterizedherasafolkartist.(MarisolEscobar以雕刻木制雕塑而聞名，她用圖畫、織物和發(fā)現(xiàn)的物品裝飾這些雕塑。)”和WilliamBlake:Visionary中的“Bycombininghispoetryandimageryonthepagethroughuniquetechniques,hecreatedsomeofthemoststrikingimageryinBritishartandhassinceinspiredcountlessboundary-breakingartistsincludingWaltWhitmanandJimiHendrix.(他通過獨(dú)特的技巧將詩歌和意象結(jié)合在紙上，創(chuàng)造了一些英國藝術(shù)中最引人注目的意象，并從此啟發(fā)了無數(shù)打破邊界的藝術(shù)家，包括沃爾特·惠特曼和吉米·亨德里克斯。)”可知，Marisol結(jié)合雕塑與現(xiàn)成物，Blake融合詩歌與圖像，均體現(xiàn)“藝術(shù)形式融合”。故選C。BStephClemencealwaysintendedtogotocollege.Butlifehasatendencytothrowstonesintheway.Growingup,sheledanomadiclifebecausehermother,whodivorcedandremarriedseveraltimes,wasalwaysonthemove.Hermotherhadtosupportthreedaughtersonamodestincome,sopayingforcollegebecameoutofthequestion.Stephfoundajob,andtriedtofigureoutwhattodowithsuchalife.Theanswercamewhenshespottedathickfolder,inwhichStephfoundtwostapledpagesfromherjuniorEnglishteacher,DorothyClark.Oneafternoon,Mrs.Clarkwalkedintotheclassroomcarryingapileofstapledpapersandinstructedeachstudenttakeone.Thehandoutwastitled“Mrs.Clark’sBookList.”Itwasn’thomework,theteacherannounced,butitcouldbearoadmap.She’dspentmonthscreatingalistof153fictionandnonfictionbooks,coveringscience,history,economics,politics,andliterature.“Someofyoumightnotgoontohighereducation,”Mrs.Clarksaid,“butyoucancontinuetolearn.”Sheflippedthepagetoseethefirstbook:Bulfinch’sMythology.Andsoitbegan.Itwas1970.“Iwashopefulanddeterminedtoimprovemyself,”Stephsays.Startingatthetop,shewouldreadeverybookintheordertheyappeared.Stephworkedavarietyofjobs,andshekeptreading.Thensheretiredasanofficemanagerforadentist.“Readingthesebooksisanemotionalandintellectualexperience,”shesays.“EachofthebookshasaddedsomethingtowhoIamandhowIseetheworld.I’mnoexpert,butInowhavethebackgroundtoseewhatitmightmean.”NowStephis70,andsheneverdidgettocollege.Butshehasonlyfourbookslefttoreadfromthelist.Sheexpectstocompletethemsometimeinthenearfuture.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nomadic”meaninparagraph1?A.normal. B.unsettled. C.romantic. D.unfortunate.5.WhydidDorothyClarkmakealistofbooks?A.Shefeltitnecessarytoofferguidance. B.Shecalculatedthebooksshehadalreadyread.C.Shewantedtoshowhertasteinliteralarts. D.Shetriedtoarousestudents’interestinEnglish.6.WhatdoesStephthinkof“Mrs.Clark’sBookList”?A.It’shumorous. B.It’sdifficult. C.It’sinformative. D.It’sconfusing.7.WhatdoestheauthorimplyfromSteph’sstory?A.Everymanhashisprice. B.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.C.Opportunityknocksonlyonce. D.Toliveistolearn,tolearnistobetterlive.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位女性通過閱讀老師推薦的書單，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我提升并豐富人生的感人故事。【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Growingup,sheledanomadiclifebecausehermother,whodivorcedandremarriedseveraltimes,wasalwaysonthemove.(在成長過程中，她過著nomadic生活，因?yàn)樗哪赣H離了幾次婚又再婚，總是居無定所、四處搬家)”可知，因?yàn)槟赣H離婚再婚多次，所以Steph總是搬家，過著居無定所的生活，故劃線詞意思是“不安定的”。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Itwasn’thomework,theteacherannounced,butitcouldbearoadmap.She’dspentmonthscreatingalistof153fictionandnonfictionbooks,coveringscience,history,economics,politics,andliterature.“Someofyoumightnotgoontohighereducation,”Mrs.Clarksaid,“butyoucancontinuetolearn.”(這不是家庭作業(yè)，老師宣布，但可能是路線圖。她花了幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間列出了153本小說和非小說類書籍，涵蓋科學(xué)、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文學(xué)?！澳銈冎械囊恍┤丝赡軣o法繼續(xù)接受高等教育，”Clark夫人說，“但你們可以繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)?！?”可推知，Mrs.Clark老師制作了書單，是覺得有必要給學(xué)生提供指導(dǎo)。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Readingthesebooksisanemotionalandintellectualexperience,”shesays.“EachofthebookshasaddedsomethingtowhoIamandhowIseetheworld.I’mnoexpert,butInowhavethebackgroundtoseewhatitmightmean.”(“閱讀這些書是一種情感和智力的體驗(yàn)，”她說?！懊勘緯荚谧屛页砷L的同時(shí)，也更會(huì)審視這個(gè)世界了。我不是專家，但我現(xiàn)在有了了解這可能意味著什么的背景?！?”可推斷，Steph覺得“克拉克夫人的書單”信息豐富。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“StephClemencealwaysintendedtogotocollege.Butlifehasatendencytothrowstonesintheway.(StephClemence一直想上大學(xué)。但生活總愛拋出絆腳石)”、倒數(shù)第二段““Readingthesebooksisanemotionalandintellectualexperience,”shesays.“EachofthebookshasaddedsomethingtowhoIamandhowIseetheworld.I’mnoexpert,butInowhavethebackgroundtoseewhatitmightmean.”(“閱讀這些書是一種情感和智力的體驗(yàn)，”她說?！懊勘緯荚谧屛页砷L的同時(shí)，也更會(huì)審視這個(gè)世界了。我不是專家，但我現(xiàn)在有了了解這可能意味著什么的背景?！?”以及最后一段“NowStephis70,andsheneverdidgettocollege.Butshehasonlyfourbookslefttoreadfromthelist.Sheexpectstocompletethemsometimeinthenearfuture.(現(xiàn)在Steph已經(jīng)70歲了，她還沒有上過大學(xué)。但她只剩下四本書要讀了。她希望在不久的將來讀完)”可知，Steph一直想上大學(xué)，但因?yàn)樯钤驔]有上，然而她并沒有停止學(xué)習(xí)，通過閱讀克拉克夫人的書單，她豐富了自己的知識(shí)和閱歷。由此可推知，作者想從Steph的故事中表達(dá)：活著就是為了學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)就是為了更好地生活。故選D。CNationalmeasuresonwhichschoolsarejudgedtendtofocusonEnglish,mathsandscienceswhichcanputtheartsonthebackburner.Schoolsarepressuredintofocusingmoreonthesubjectstheyarejudgedagainst,yetinfactartsstandasabeaconoflightandcreativityinaneducationalenvironmentwhererigidity(刻板)andstructuredominate.Intheearly1820s,artswerefirstintroducedtothepubliceducationsystemduetotheneedformorearchitecturaldesignersduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Aspublicschoolingexpandedacrossthenation,artsineducationdidaswell,promotingmorefundingfortheartcurriculuminthelate1870s.However,laterinthe19thcentury,artsinthepubliceducationcurriculumbegantodeclineandbecamelesscommon.Today,artcurriculaaregrowing,asseenbythe4%increaseinfull-timeartteachers.However,oneofthemostimportantissuesfacedbytheartscurriculatodayisthelackoffunding.Schoolsoftenexperienceinsufficiencyinfundingtosupplymaterialsandequipmentforartrooms.Anotherlimitationartscurriculafaceistheviewofartsasnon-essentialinaneducationpathway,asrevealedinasurvey,where71%ofpeopleconsideredartistsastheNo.1non-essentialjob.Despitethesechallenges,thereisoptimisminthegrowingsupportforartseducation,indicatingapositiveshiftinrecognizingitssignificanceforstudents’overalldevelopment.Artsplayakeyroleincognitiveandemotionaldevelopment,aswellasacademicachievement,throughitsabilitytoboostcreativityandenhancecommunicationskills.Skillsstudentsacquirethroughtheirexperiencewithartsineducationareimportantforfuturecareersandpaths.Effectivecommunicationisessentialtoexcelincareerssuchaslaworpublicspeaking.Creativityiscrucialforproblem-solvinginothercareers,suchasbusinessandentrepreneurship.Integratingartintoeducationenhancesacademicdevelopmentandequipsstudentswithvaluablelifeskillsapplicabletodiverseprofessionalfields.8.Whatdoweknowaboutschooleducationfromparagraph1?A.Coresubjectsgetmoreattentionthanarts.B.Teachersfocusondevelopingtest-takingskills.C.Studentshavelittleenthusiasmforartscourses.D.Creativityishighlyvaluedinstudents’performance.9.Whatdoesparagraph2indicateaboutartseducation?A.Itwashistoricallyinaccessible. B.Itisamustforfuturegenerations.C.Ithasexperiencedupsanddowns. D.Ithasalwaysbeenignoredbyschools.10.Whichfactorsrestrictthegrowthofartseducation?A.Outdatedmethodsandteachershortage. B.Publicprejudiceandtheadmissionsystem.C.Curriculumcompetitionandhighexpenses. D.Tightbudgetsandcommonmisconceptions.11.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Studentsbenefithugelyfromartseducation. B.Artsareregainingtheirimportanceinschools.C.Schoolsplayadominantroleinartseducation. D.Careersuccessdependsonart-relatedabilities.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了藝術(shù)在學(xué)校教育中的地位、歷史發(fā)展、當(dāng)前面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及藝術(shù)對(duì)學(xué)生認(rèn)知、情感和學(xué)術(shù)成就的重要性?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“NationalmeasuresonwhichschoolsarejudgedtendtofocusonEnglish,mathsandscienceswhichcanputtheartsonthebackburner.Schoolsarepressuredintofocusingmoreonthesubjectstheyarejudgedagainst,yetinfactartsstandasabeaconoflightandcreativityinaneducationalenvironmentwhererigidity(刻板)andstructuredominate.(國家對(duì)學(xué)校的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)往往側(cè)重于英語、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等學(xué)科，這可能會(huì)使藝術(shù)教育被置于次要地位。學(xué)校迫于壓力，將更多精力集中在那些會(huì)被評(píng)估的學(xué)科上。然而，實(shí)際上在一個(gè)以刻板和規(guī)則為主導(dǎo)的教育環(huán)境中，藝術(shù)就像是光明和創(chuàng)造力的燈塔。)”可知，國家對(duì)學(xué)校的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傾向于集中在英語、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)這些學(xué)科上，這使得藝術(shù)教育被置于次要地位，學(xué)校迫于壓力更多地關(guān)注那些會(huì)被評(píng)估的學(xué)科。也就是說核心學(xué)科比藝術(shù)學(xué)科得到更多關(guān)注。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Intheearly1820s,artswerefirstintroducedtothepubliceducationsystemduetotheneedformorearchitecturaldesignersduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Aspublicschoolingexpandedacrossthenation,artsineducationdidaswell,promotingmorefundingfortheartcurriculuminthelate1870s.However,laterinthe19thcentury,artsinthepubliceducationcurriculumbegantodeclineandbecamelesscommon.Today,artcurriculaaregrowing,asseenbythe4%increaseinfull-timeartteachers.(在19世紀(jì)20年代初，由于工業(yè)革命時(shí)期對(duì)更多建筑設(shè)計(jì)師的需求，藝術(shù)首次被引入公共教育體系。隨著公共教育在全國范圍內(nèi)的普及，藝術(shù)教育也隨之發(fā)展，在19世紀(jì)70年代后期，對(duì)藝術(shù)課程的資金投入也有所增加。然而，在19世紀(jì)后期，公共教育課程中的藝術(shù)部分開始衰退，變得不那么常見了。如今，藝術(shù)課程正在發(fā)展壯大，全職藝術(shù)教師的數(shù)量增加了4%就證明了這一點(diǎn)。)”可知，19世紀(jì)20年代初藝術(shù)被引入公共教育體系并隨著公共教育的擴(kuò)展而發(fā)展，資金投入增加；但在19世紀(jì)后期，藝術(shù)在公共教育課程中開始衰退，變得不那么常見；如今藝術(shù)課程又在發(fā)展，所以藝術(shù)教育經(jīng)歷了起伏。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,oneofthemostimportantissuesfacedbytheartscurriculatodayisthelackoffunding.Schoolsoftenexperienceinsufficiencyinfundingtosupplymaterialsandequipmentforartrooms.Anotherlimitationartscurriculafaceistheviewofartsasnon-essentialinaneducationpathway,asrevealedinasurvey,where71%ofpeopleconsideredartistsastheNo.1non-essentialjob.(然而，如今藝術(shù)課程面臨的最重要問題之一是資金短缺。學(xué)校常常缺乏足夠的資金來為美術(shù)教室提供材料和設(shè)備。藝術(shù)課程面臨的另一個(gè)限制是，在教育發(fā)展路徑中，人們認(rèn)為藝術(shù)并非必不可少。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，71%的人認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家是最不重要的職業(yè)。)”可知，藝術(shù)課程面臨的重要問題之一是資金短缺，另一個(gè)限制是人們認(rèn)為藝術(shù)在教育途徑中并非必要，因此，限制藝術(shù)教育發(fā)展的因素是預(yù)算緊張和普遍的誤解。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Artsplayakeyroleincognitiveandemotionaldevelopment,aswellasacademicachievement,throughitsabilitytoboostcreativityandenhancecommunicationskills.Skillsstudentsacquirethroughtheirexperiencewithartsineducationareimportantforfuturecareersandpaths.(藝術(shù)在認(rèn)知和情感發(fā)展以及學(xué)業(yè)成就方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，因?yàn)樗軌蚣ぐl(fā)創(chuàng)造力，提高溝通技巧。學(xué)生在接受藝術(shù)教育的過程中所獲得的技能，對(duì)他們未來的職業(yè)和發(fā)展道路至關(guān)重要。)”可知，藝術(shù)在認(rèn)知和情感發(fā)展、學(xué)業(yè)成就方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，通過激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力和提高溝通技巧，學(xué)生在藝術(shù)教育中獲得的技能對(duì)未來職業(yè)和發(fā)展道路很重要，這表明學(xué)生從藝術(shù)教育中能獲得很多益處。故選A。DAreyouupsetbecauseyouboughtaphonelessthanayearagoandnowhavetochargeittwiceaday?Inthefuture,ashottothebatterymightsolvetheproblem,arecentstudysuggested.ResearchersatFudanUniversityfoundthatinjectinganorganiclithiumsaltintoused-upbatteriescouldrestorelostlithiumions(鋰離子),greatlyextendingtheirlifespan.ThestudywaspublishedonFebruary12intheleadingsciencejournalNature.Lithium-ionbatteriesconsistoffourparts:thetwoelectrodes(acathodeandananode),aseparator,andelectrolytecontaininglithiumions.Duringnormaluse,lithiumionscarryenergybetweenthecathodeandanode.Overtime,however,somelithiumionsformdeposits,becomingwhatscientistscall“deadlithium.”Thisprocessgraduallydecreasestheconcentrationoflithiumionsintheelectrolyte.Thebattery’scapacitytoholdachargeis,therefore,reduced.Whenabattery’scapacitydropsbelow80%ofitsinitialvalue,thebatteryisconsideredtohavefailed.Ithasbeenthiswaysincetheinventionofthelithium-ionbatteryin1990.Butinsteadofdeadbatteries,theChineseresearcherssawthemassickpatients.Aslongasthemalfunctioningpartcanbetreated,thebatterycouldberestoredtofullhealth.To“heal”thebatteries,theteaminjectedthemwithanorganiclithiumsalt.Thechemicalreactivated“dead”lithiumionsandlengthenedthebatteries’lifespans.Becausetheprocesscanberepeated,thenumberofchargescouldjumpfrombetween500to2,000toasmanyas60,000.Thishasneverbeenachievedbefore.Apartfromsolvingyourphone’sbatteryproblem,themagicaltreatmentcouldalsobenefitChinaandtheworldinmanyotherways.Chinaistheworld’sleadingproduceroflithium-ionbatteries,accountingforabout70%ofglobaloutput.Itisalsoamajorconsumer,relyingonlithium-ionbatteriestopoweritsgrowingnumberofnewenergyvehicles(NEVs).Additionally,thesebatteriesareusedtostoretheenergygeneratedbythecountry’ssolarandwindpowerindustries.TheextensionofbatterylifewillgreatlyreducereplacementcostsforNEVowners.Batteryinjectiontechnologycouldalsogreatlyloweroperationalcostsforthepowerindustry.Lastbutnotleast,itwillhelpcuttherisingpollutionassociatedwiththeproductionanddisposalofbatteries.12.Whatcauseslithium-ionbatteriestolosecapacityovertime?A.Electrodesslowlywearingout. B.Electrolytedryingup.C.Separatorsbreakingdown. D.Deadlithiumbuildingup.13.Howdoesthenewmethod“heal”batteries?A.Byfixingdamagedelectrodes. B.Byaddingsalttowakeuplithium.C.Bycleaninglithiumbuildup. D.Byrefillingliquidelectrolyte.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ThisbreakthroughisvitalforChina.B.Thereisnoneedtominelithiumanymore.C.Chinadominatesnewenergyvehiclesproduction.D.Batteryinjectiontechnologyworsenstherisingpollution.15.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthearticle?A.Eco-Recycling:ASustainableFutureforBatteries.B.BatteryDecline:TheScienceofAgingPowerCells.C.GlobalLeadership:China’sBatteryIndustryAmbitions.D.BatteryRevival:ExtendingLifespansThroughInnovation.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹中國科學(xué)家研發(fā)通過注射有機(jī)鋰鹽修復(fù)鋰電池的技術(shù)，可大幅延長電池壽命，助力環(huán)保與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Overtime,however,somelithiumionsformdeposits,becomingwhatscientistscall“deadlithium.”Thisprocessgraduallydecreasestheconcentrationoflithiumionsintheelectrolyte.Thebattery’scapacitytoholdachargeis,therefore,reduced.(然而，隨著時(shí)間的推移，一些鋰離子形成沉積物，成為科學(xué)家所說的‘鋰’。這個(gè)過程逐漸降低電解液中鋰離子的濃度。因此，電池的充電能力就降低了。)”可知，死鋰的積累導(dǎo)致電解質(zhì)中鋰離子濃度降低，從而使電池容量下降，故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“To“heal”thebatteries,theteaminjectedthemwithanorganiclithiumsalt.Thechemicalreactivated“dead”lithiumionsandlengthenedthebatteries’lifespans.(為了‘治愈’電池，研究小組向電池注入了有機(jī)鋰鹽。這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)重新激活了‘死亡’的鋰離子，延長了電池的壽命。)”可知，這種新方法是通過注入有機(jī)鋰鹽來重新激活死鋰離子來“治愈”電池，即通過添加鹽喚醒鋰，故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Chinaistheworld’sleadingproduceroflithium-ionbatteries,accountingforabout70%ofglobaloutput.Itisalsoamajorconsumer,relyingonlithium-ionbatteriestopoweritsgrowingnumberofnewenergyvehicles(NEVs).Additionally,thesebatteriesareusedtostoretheenergygeneratedbythecountry’ssolarandwindpowerindustries.TheextensionofbatterylifewillgreatlyreducereplacementcostsforNEVowners.Batteryinjectiontechnologycouldalsogreatlyloweroperationalcostsforthepowerindustry.Lastbutnotleast,itwillhelpcuttherisingpollutionassociatedwiththeproductionanddisposalofbatteries.(中國是世界領(lǐng)先的鋰離子電池生產(chǎn)國，約占全球產(chǎn)量的70%。中國也是一個(gè)主要的消費(fèi)國，依靠鋰離子電池為越來越多的新能源汽車（nev）提供動(dòng)力。此外，這些電池還用于儲(chǔ)存該國太陽能和風(fēng)能行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的能量。電池壽命的延長將大大降低新能源汽車車主的更換成本。電池注入技術(shù)還可以大大降低電力行業(yè)的運(yùn)營成本。最后但同樣重要的是，它將有助于減少與電池生產(chǎn)和處置相關(guān)的日益嚴(yán)重的污染。)”可知中國是鋰離子電池的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國，電池壽命延長能降低新能源汽車車主的更換成本、電力行業(yè)的運(yùn)營成本，還能減少污染，所以可推斷出這一突破對(duì)中國意義重大，故選A。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其第二段“ResearchersatFudanUniversityfoundthatinjectinganorganiclithiumsaltintoused-upbatteriescouldrestorelostlithiumions(鋰離子),greatlyextendingtheirlifespan.ThestudywaspublishedonFebruary12intheleadingsciencejournalNature.(復(fù)旦大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在用完的電池中注入有機(jī)鋰鹽可以恢復(fù)失去的鋰離子，從而大大延長電池的壽命。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在2月12日的權(quán)威科學(xué)雜志《自然》上。)”可知文章主要講述了通過向電池注射有機(jī)鋰鹽的創(chuàng)新方法來延長電池壽命，所以D選項(xiàng)“電池復(fù)興：通過創(chuàng)新延長壽命”符合文章主旨，最好地概括了這篇文章內(nèi)容，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Onceaniche(小眾的)sport,rockclimbinghasbecomeamainstreampleasureenjoyedbymany.____16____However,withrockclimbing’sriseinpopularity,theamazingbiodiversitysustainedbycliffecosystemsisunderpressure.Torelievethisproblem,therearenumeroushelpfulactsyoucando.Thepresenceofclimbersatthecliffwherebindsarenestingcancausethemtoabandontheirchickstostarvation.Youshouldcheckifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictionsintheareaswhereyouplantoclimb.____17____Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseyoucancheck.Sometimesclimbersalsoremoveplantsandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbeforesothatitbecomesmoresuitableforclimbing.____18____Workwithotherroutedevelopersandconservationiststounderstandthepotentialimpactofroutedevelopmentontheplants.____19____Intheearlydays,climbersoftencollecteddataaboutthespeciesandgeographytheyencounteredaspartofanadventure.Itisnowmucheasiertocontributetoscienceasaclimber.Muchofthiscomesdowntothefactthateachofuscarriesatinycomputerthatcansmoothlycaptureimages,location,andsoundandassociatethemwithatimestamp-oursmartphones!Actually,inmanyplaces,climberrepresentativebodiesaretakinggreatstepstoensureclimbingismanagedsustainably.Thisinvolvescooperatingwiththeauthoritiesofnaturalparks,andconservationorganizationssothatagreementscanbereachedthatminimizetheimpactofclimbingontheenvironmentwhilekeepingregulationstoaminimum.Theseorganizationsoftenhavelimitedfundswithwhichtoachievethesegoalsandtendtorelyonthesupportofvolunteers.____20____A.Youcanhelpbybecomingacitizenscientist.B.Thisinformationisusuallyavailableinclimbingguidebooks.C.Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.D.Whynotgetintouchwithonethatinspiresyouandaskwhatyoucando?E.Keepingexistingroutesingoodconditionavoidsthedamagetovegetation.F.Thesedatacanthenbeaccessedbyscientiststoavoidenvironmentalissuesoncliffs.G.Thenaturalworldoffersanexcitingadventurethroughbeautifulenvironmentsfilledwithwildlife.【答案】16.G17.B18.C19.A20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)中應(yīng)如何保護(hù)動(dòng)植物?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“rockclimbinghasbecomeamainstreampleasureenjoyedbymany.(攀巖已經(jīng)成為許多人喜歡的主流娛樂活動(dòng)。)”以及后文的“However,withrockclimbing’sriseinpopularity,theamazingbiodiversitysustainedbycliffecosystemsisunderpressure.

(然而，隨著攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所維持的驚人的生物多樣性正面臨壓力。)”可知，空白處前后應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前文強(qiáng)調(diào)攀巖已經(jīng)成為了主流娛樂活動(dòng)，空白處后提到攀巖過程中會(huì)對(duì)巖壁的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成不良影響，而G項(xiàng)“Thenaturalworldoffersanexcitingadventurethroughbeautifulenvironmentsfilledwithwildlife.(通過充滿野生動(dòng)物的美麗環(huán)境，自然世界提供了令人興奮的冒險(xiǎn)。)”中的anexcitingadventure與空白處前的amainstreampleasureenjoyedbymany相呼應(yīng)，且與下文提到的不良影響形成對(duì)比，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“

Youshouldcheckifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictionsintheareaswhereyouplantoclimb.(你應(yīng)該檢查一下在你計(jì)劃攀登的地方是否有鳥類筑巢的限制。)”以及后文“Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseyoucancheck.(一些組織有一個(gè)你可以查詢的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫。)”可知，你應(yīng)該檢查一下你計(jì)劃攀登的地方是否有鳥類筑巢的限制，而一些組織有一個(gè)你可以查詢的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫。所以空白處講的也是在哪里查詢?cè)搮^(qū)域是否有鳥類筑巢限制，故B項(xiàng)“Thisinformationisusuallyavailableinclimbingguidebooks.(此類信息通?？梢栽谂蕩r指南中找到)”，符合語境。故選B?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Sometimesclimbersalsoremoveplantsandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbeforesothatitbecomesmoresuitableforclimbing.(有時(shí)攀登者在建立以前沒有攀登過的路線時(shí)也會(huì)清除植物和土壤，使其更適合攀登。)”可知，此處提到攀巖者在開辟適宜攀巖的路線時(shí)，通常會(huì)除去路上的植物和土壤；后文提到“Workwithotherroutedevelopersandconservationiststounderstandthepotentialimpactofroutedevelopmentontheplants.(與其他路線開發(fā)商和環(huán)保人士合作，了解路線開發(fā)對(duì)植物的潛在影響。)”，講述需要了解線路開發(fā)對(duì)植被的潛在影響。故空白處應(yīng)承上啟下，提及為開辟新路可能對(duì)巖壁的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的影響。因此，C項(xiàng)“Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.(這可能會(huì)摧毀之前存在的懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng))”，符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Muchofthiscomesdowntothefactthateachofuscarriesatinycomputerthatcansmoothlycaptureimages,location,andsoundandassociatethemwithatimestamp-oursmartphones!(這在很大程度上歸結(jié)于我們每個(gè)人都攜帶著一臺(tái)微型電腦，它可以流暢地捕捉圖像、位置和聲音，并將它們與時(shí)間戳相關(guān)聯(lián)——我們的智能手機(jī)！)”可知，本段主要談?wù)撚捎谥悄苁謾C(jī)的普及，我們?yōu)榭茖W(xué)做貢獻(xiàn)變得更為便利。A項(xiàng)“Youcanhelpbybecomingacitizenscientist.(你可以通過成為一名公民科學(xué)家來提供幫助。)”概括本段主要內(nèi)容，指出你可以通過智能手機(jī)或者當(dāng)代科技的幫助來成為一名平民科學(xué)家收集物種或者地理的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文前提到“Theseorganizationsoftenhavelimitedfundswithwhichtoachievethesegoalsandtendtorelyonthesupportofvolunteers.

(這些組織實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的資金往往有限，往往依賴于志愿者的支持。)”可知，通過與自然保護(hù)組織合作，減少攀巖活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。但這些組織往往資金有限，依賴志愿者的支持。D項(xiàng)“Whynotgetintouchwithonethatinspiresyouandaskwhatyoucando?(為何不聯(lián)系一個(gè)能夠激勵(lì)你的組織，問問你能做些什么?)”符合語境，D項(xiàng)中的one指代前文的conservationorganization，并鼓勵(lì)讀者為什么不聯(lián)系一個(gè)激勵(lì)自己的組織，成為其中的志愿者，為在攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)中保護(hù)動(dòng)植物提供幫助，該選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ouroldestdaughter,Christy,toldusshewasrunningaway.In____21____mywife,Cathy,andIstaredateachother,atalossforwords.Whenshestartedpackinghersuitcase,weknewshewasserious.Heractionleftusspeechless—afterall,Christywasonlysix.Wedidn’tknowwhethertolaughorcry.Ourdaughter____22____shewasmovingtoJulia’shouseacrossthestreet.MywifegaveJulia’smothera____23____,tellingherwhatwashappening.Then,with____24____feelings,wewatchedChristycrossthestreet.Julia’smotherwaitedoutsidethedoortogreether.Afewhourslater,Julia’smomremindedChristyitwasMondaynightandthatourfamilyalwaysdrovetotheGoldenSpoonforfrozenyogurt.Itwasatradition____25____bymythreegirls—includingourlittleChristy.Toourrelief,shecalledandaskedifshecouldgo.Ajoyous____26____!Theyogurt____27____waspartofourfamilyidentity.Eventheneighborsknewour____28____visittotheGoldenSpoon.Ourthreedaughtersarenowgrown-up,butwe____29____visittheGoldenSpoonasalways.Itsyogurtisstilldelicious.Ourfamily_____30_____arekeptstrongbyoneofthosesimpleactivities.Atsomepoint,_____31_____willcometoeveryfamily.Butwhenyoubuildastrongfamilyidentity_____32_____therewillbenodoubtthatyourfamilycan_____33_____whateverwindsandrainscomingyourway.Not_____34_____,astrongfamilyidentitywillgiveyourkidssolidfoundationsto_____35_____duringthosedifficulttimes.21.A.confusion B.disbelief C.anger D.sorrow22.A.whispered B.acknowledged C.declared D.requested23.A.bow B.response C.ring D.tip24.A.bitter B.mixed C.guilty D.embarrassed25.A.expected B.approved C.promoted D.revived26.A.recovery B.reunion C.success D.communication27.A.trip B.flavor C.recipe D.drink28.A.daily B.monthly C.weekly D.yearly29.A.occasionally B.automatically C.rarely D.regularly30.A.origins B.bonds C.traditions D.honors31.A.sufferings B.storms C.failures D.barriers32.A.inadvance B.inparticular C.inreality D.inreturn33.A.predict B.ignore C.avoid D.survive34.A.surprisingly B.exactly C.certainly D.obviously35.A.getthrough B.putthrough C.holdon D.counton【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.B25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.B32.A33.D34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過敘述作者家庭中的一個(gè)小事件——六歲女兒Christy離家出走并很快回歸，以及家庭每周去GoldenSpoon吃冷凍酸奶的傳統(tǒng)，展現(xiàn)了家庭身份認(rèn)同的重要性和力量。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和妻子Cathy難以置信地對(duì)視著，一時(shí)說不出話來。A.confusion困惑；B.disbelief不信、懷疑；C.anger憤怒；D.sorrow悲傷。根據(jù)空后“mywife,Cathy,andIstar