高級中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1山東省聊城市某校2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhatlimitsyoufromhikingmoreoften?Ifnothavingasuitablehikingpartneriskeepingyououtofthewoods,whynottakealookatthegreathikingclubsacrossCanada?●YukonOutdoorsClubMembershipcost:$10forasinglemembershipDescription:Thecluborganizesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,andcross-countryskiingtripsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluableinformation.Thetripsareopentoeveryoneandrangefromeasytomoderatetodifficult.●UBCVarsityOutdoorClubMembershipcost:Students$40;non-UBCstudents$60Description:TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClubisasocialgroupthathikesandrockclimbs.Membersleadtrips,runskillsworkshops,andhostpresentations.Memberscanborrowequipmentfromtheclub.TheUBCVOChasalsoconstructedafewhutsintheCoastMountains.●PenderHarborHikingGroupMembershipcost:FreeDescription:ThePenderHarbourHikingGroupoffersawayformemberstomeetlike-mindedindividualsandgetfit.Hikesarescheduledtwomonthsinadvance,socheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat’srightforyou!HikesareusuallyoneandahalftotwohourslongeveryMondayandWednesdaymorning,butsomefull-dayhikesarescheduled,dependingonmemberinterest.●VernonOutdoorsClubMembershipcost:Asinglemembershipis$25,andstudentspay$10.Childrenarefreewhentheycomewitharegisteredfamilymember.Description:TheVermonOutdoorsClubisanactivegroupthatenjoyshikingandcycling.Membersareencouragedtosharetheiractivityideasandinterests.ThegrouporganizesaTuesdayActivityeachweek.1.Whichcluborganizesitstripsbasedontheirmembers’hikingskills?A.TheYukonOutdoorsClub. B.TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClub.C.ThePenderHarborHikingGroup. D.TheVernonOutdoorsClub.2.WhatdoweknowabouthikesorganizedbythePenderHarborHikingGroup?A.Theyaremostlyheldonweekends.B.Theyarearrangedtwomonthsaheadoftime.C.Theirscheduleisalwaysemailedtothemembers.D.Morefull-dayhikesareofferedthanhalf-dayhikes.3.Mr.andMrs.Smith,togetherwiththeirtwochildren,aged4and6,intendtojointheVernonOutdoorsClub,howmuchwilltheypayforthemembership?A.$70. B.$50. C.$45. D.$35.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了加拿大的幾個(gè)徒步俱樂部。【1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)YukonOutdoorsClub中“Thecluborganizesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,andcross-countryskiingtripsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluableinformation.Thetripsareopentoeveryoneandrangefromeasytomoderatetodifficult.(俱樂部組織日間徒步旅行、背包旅行、獨(dú)木舟旅行、山地自行車旅行和越野滑雪旅行，讓會員獲得新的技能和有價(jià)值的信息。旅行對每個(gè)人開放，范圍從簡單到中等到困難)”可知，Yukon戶外俱樂部根據(jù)會員的遠(yuǎn)足技能組織旅行。故選A。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PenderHarborHikingGroup中“Hikesarescheduledtwomonthsinadvance,socheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat’srightforyou!(徒步旅行在兩個(gè)月前就已經(jīng)安排好了，所以要定期上網(wǎng)尋找適合你的徒步旅行)”可知，PenderHarbor徒步旅行團(tuán)組織的徒步活動提前兩個(gè)月就安排好了。故選B。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VernonOutdoorsClub中“Membershipcost:Asinglemembershipis$25,andstudentspay$10.Childrenarefreewhentheycomewitharegisteredfamilymember.(會員費(fèi)：一個(gè)會員費(fèi)是25美元，學(xué)生支付10美元。有家庭成員陪同的孩子是免費(fèi)的)”可知，Smith夫婦加兩個(gè)孩子一共需要花費(fèi)50美元，其中兩個(gè)孩子是免費(fèi)的。故選B。BTheodorSeussGeiselwasborninSpringfield,Massachusettsin1904.Hewasfamousbecauseofthebookshewroteforchildren.Theycombinefunnywords,picturesandsocialopinions.DrSeusswrotehisfirstbookforchildrenin1937.ItiscalledAndtoThinkThatISawItonMulberryStreet.Anumberofpublishersrefusedtopublishit.Theysaiditwastoodifferent.Afriendfinallypublishedit.Soon,othersuccessfulbooksfollowed.Overtheyears,hewrotemorethanfortychildren’sbooks.Theywerefuntoread.Yethisbookssometimesdealtwithserioussubjects.Bythemid-1940s,DrSeusshadbecomeoneofthebest-lovedandmostsuccessfulwritersofchildren’sbooks.Hehadastrongdesiretohelpchildren.In1954,Lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.Thereportsaidmanychildren’sbooksweren’tinteresting.DrSeussdecidedtowritebooksthatwereinterestingandeasytoread.In1957,DrSeusswroteTheCatintheHat.Heusedlessthan225wordstowritethebook.Thiswasaboutthenumberofwordsasix-year-oldshouldbeabletoread.Thestoryisaboutacatwhotriestoentertaintwochildrenonarainydaywhiletheirmotherisawayfromhome.Thecatisnotlikenormalcats.Ittalks.Thebookwasanimmediatesuccess.Itwasaninterestingstoryandwaseasytoread.Childrenlovedit.Theirparentslovedit,too.Todaymanyadultssayitisstilloneofthestoriestheylikebest.4.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SomeofDrSeuss’BooksforChildrenB.WhatAreDrSeuss’BooksMainlyAbout?C.DrSeuss—aFamousWriterofChildren’sBooksD.WhyAreDrSeuss’BooksDifferent?5.WhatdoweknowaboutDrSeuss’firstbookforchildren?A.ItwasDrSeuss’worstbook.B.Itdealtwithaveryserioussubject.C.Neitherchildrennoradultslikeit.D.Manypublishersdidn’ttakeitseriouslyatfirst.6.HowdidDrSeusshelpchildrenaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Byaskingotherstohelptheminmagazines.B.Bywritinginterestingandsimplebooks.C.Bychanginghisoldbooksintosimplerones.D.Bygivingthembooksforfree.7.AdultsmostprobablythinkthatDrSeuss’TheCatintheHatis_________.A.interesting B.serious C.difficult D.boring【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹TheodorSeussGeisel，他是著名兒童作家，講述其創(chuàng)作歷程，包括首本書出版波折及后續(xù)創(chuàng)作，如《戴帽子的貓》，展現(xiàn)他對兒童文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章開篇介紹“TheodorSeussGeiselwasborninSpringfield,Massachusettsin1904.Hewasfamousbecauseofthebookshewroteforchildren.(TheodorSeussGeisel1904年出生于馬薩諸塞州斯普林菲爾德。他因給孩子們寫的書而聞名。)”，接著講述了他創(chuàng)作兒童書籍的經(jīng)歷，包括第一本書的出版波折，以及后來創(chuàng)作的如《戴帽子的貓》等成功作品，整體圍繞他作為著名兒童書籍作家展開。所以C選項(xiàng)DrSeuss—aFamousWriterofChildren’sBooks(著名童書作家Seuss博士)最能概括文章主旨。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Anumberofpublishersrefusedtopublishit.Theysaiditwastoodifferent.(許多出版商拒絕出版它。他們說它太與眾不同了。)”可知，許多出版商一開始因?yàn)橛X得這本書過于與眾不同而拒絕出版，即沒有認(rèn)真對待這本書。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“In1954,Lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.Thereportsaidmanychildren’sbooksweren’tinteresting.DrSeussdecidedtowritebooksthatwereinterestingandeasytoread.(1954年，《生活》雜志發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于無法閱讀的學(xué)童的報(bào)道。報(bào)道稱許多兒童書籍無趣。Seuss博士決定寫一些既有趣又容易閱讀的書。)”可知，Seuss博士通過創(chuàng)作有趣且易讀的書籍來幫助孩子們。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Todaymanyadultssayitisstilloneofthestoriestheylikebest.(如今許多成年人說它仍然是他們最喜歡的故事之一。)”可知，因?yàn)槌赡耆俗钕矚g這本書，所以可以推斷出他們覺得這本書很有趣。故選A項(xiàng)。CBacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof. B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms. D.Theydamagetheinstruments.9.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.10.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct. B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules. D.Gradetheirhomework.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。本文介紹了美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計(jì)劃。參與這個(gè)計(jì)劃的高中生制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品，此計(jì)劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，把空間技術(shù)與帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃實(shí)施結(jié)果顯示會影響到學(xué)生的生活和大學(xué)錄取?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可知，細(xì)菌對宇航員來說是個(gè)令人討厭的問題。這種來自我們身體的微生物在國際空間站的表面不受控制地生長，宇航員每周要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)來清理它們。也就是說它們很難去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).可知，HUNCH旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程師聯(lián)系起來。Gordon的學(xué)生一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細(xì)菌；結(jié)合最后一段中的GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.可知，學(xué)生每天都給NASA的工程師發(fā)郵件一起探討（如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一空間技術(shù)）這個(gè)問題。由此可推斷出HUNCHprogram的目的把空間技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA的工程師會親自審核學(xué)生們所做的產(chǎn)品。故A項(xiàng)正確。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。文章以國際空間站里的微生物很難清除開頭，引出宇航員們解決此問題的途徑——借助美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此計(jì)劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來。在這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃里，學(xué)生們通過homework（制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品）探索無疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功課疆域”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。DWealreadyknowthateatingtoomuchsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcouldcausecognitiveimpairments(認(rèn)知損傷)inmice,anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.DrCostantinoladecola,directoroftheFeilFamilyBrainandMindResearchInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehaviour.Miceareverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,theywereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.DrIadecolasaidtheestimated(預(yù)估的)twoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt.“Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades－asopposedto(相反)afewmonthsforthemice－evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,”DrIadecolasaid.“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmune(免疫的)changesintheorgans(器官)inandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,”BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said.“Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments.”12.Whichcandescribethetestedmice?A.Theyremainedquietallday. B.Theybecamesmarterthanever.C.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings. D.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.13.WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?A.Theyignorehealthadvice. B.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.C.Theydislikeprocessedfood. D.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVisse.B.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.C.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviour.D.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.15.Whatdoesthetextsuggest?A.Brainhealthcountsmuch. B.Thebodynevertellsalie.C.Alow-saltdietistoberecommended. D.Heartdiseasecanbeprevented.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對人類也會產(chǎn)生同樣的影響。文章介紹了這項(xiàng)研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodoso.(然而，被測試的老鼠失去了識別正常物體的能力。當(dāng)老鼠被關(guān)進(jìn)籠子，被要求找一個(gè)安靜的地方時(shí)，它們不記得安靜的地方在哪里。然后，當(dāng)老鼠在筑巢時(shí)——這是老鼠每天都要做的事情——它們無法這樣做了)”可推知，被測試的老鼠忘記了一些日常的事情。故選C。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.Dr.Ladecolasaidtheestimated(預(yù)估的)twoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.(研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來自加工食品。Ladecola博士說，澳大利亞人平均每天攝入兩茶匙的鹽，長期來看可能會影響大腦功能)”可知，澳大利亞人的飲食含鹽量高。故選B?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmune(免疫的)changesintheorgans(器官)inandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,’BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said.‘Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments.’(悉尼科技大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心主任BryceVissel說：“高鹽會導(dǎo)致胃內(nèi)及胃周圍器官的嚴(yán)重免疫變化，導(dǎo)致對大腦的一種幾乎是自身免疫的影響。越來越多的證據(jù)表明，吃什么就是什么。這些變化反過來會引起身體的各種反應(yīng)，久而久之肯定會導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙?！?”可知，最后一段主要講了鹽攝入和腦損傷之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmiceanditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對人類也會產(chǎn)生同樣的影響)”可知，文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于高鹽飲食與人類健康之間關(guān)系的研究，研究表明，高鹽飲食會導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙?？赏浦恼陆ㄗh低鹽飲食。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whileplentyofbirds-suchasswallows,hawksandhummingbirds-migrate(遷徙)duringtheday,themajorityoflandbirdstravelatnight.Migrationatnighthasatleastthreeadvantages.___16___Secondly,theairintheatmosphereisusuallymorestablethanduringtheday.Lastlytheairiscooleratnight.Amigratingbirdproducesahugeamountofheatthatneedstobereleased.Mostoftheheatislostfromtheunfeatheredlegs.___17___Nighttimemigratorsincludesparrows,warblers,flycatchers,thrushes,oriolesandcuckoos.Mostofthemdon’tliveinvastopenplaces.___18___Theyaren’tthebestfliers,sotheyneedthethickcoveragetoavoidenemies.Butflyingatnightisbecomingmoredangerousthanitusedtobe.___19___Awell-lithigh-risecankillhundredsofmigratingbirdsinasinglenight,anissuethathasstartedtoattractmorepublicconcern.IncitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandHouston,someskyscrapersandotherlandmarksnowhave"lightsout"programsduringkeybirdmigrationtimesinthefallandspring.___20___Aproteincalledcryptochrome,whichissensitivetobluelight9isthoughttobethekeytomakingthishappen.Cryptochromesfrommigratorybirdshaveevolvedtorequirelesslightandtoallowtheirrecognitionofbluelighttosenseandrespondtomagneticfields(磁場).A.Instead,theyliveinthewoodsandothershelteredhabitats.B.Birdsneedtheheattokeepwarmandmaintainagoodstate.C.Birdsdonothavetoworryaboutattacksfromdangerousbirds.D.Onlywhenthereisenoughlightcantheygetsignalstomigrate.E.MigratingbirdsuseEarth’smagneticfieldtohelpthemnavigate.F.Lightsonbuildingsandtowersconfusebirds,causingthemtocrash.G.Thecoldertheairtemperatureis,themorequicklythatheatcanbereleased.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.F20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了鳥類夜間遷徙的三個(gè)好處，以及夜間遷徙動物的居住地和人類建筑物上的燈光對夜間飛行的鳥類的影響?！?6題詳析】結(jié)合上文Migrationatnighthasatleastthreeadvantages.(夜間遷移至少有三個(gè)好處)可推知，本句是在說明鳥類夜間遷徙的好處，如不必?fù)?dān)心來自危險(xiǎn)鳥類的攻擊。故C選項(xiàng)“鳥類不必?fù)?dān)心來自危險(xiǎn)鳥類的攻擊?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選C。【17題詳析】結(jié)合上文Amigratingbirdproducesahugeamountofheatthatneedstobereleased.Mostoftheheatislostfromtheunfeatheredlegs.(候鳥會釋放出大量的熱量。大部分的熱量是從沒有羽毛的腿上流失的)可知本句是在說明夜間因?yàn)闇囟雀?，更有助于鳥類熱量釋放得快。故G選項(xiàng)“空氣溫度越低，熱量釋放得越快?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選G?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文Theyaren’tthebestfliers,sotheyneedthethickcoveragetoavoidenemies.(他們不是最好的飛行員，所以他們需要厚厚的覆蓋物來躲避敵人)可知，夜間遷徙動物生活在森林和其他受保護(hù)的棲息地。故A選項(xiàng)“相反，它們生活在森林和其他受保護(hù)的棲息地?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文Awell-lithigh-risecankillhundredsofmigratingbirdsinasinglenight,anissuethathasstartedtoattractmorepublicconcern.(一幢照明良好的高層建筑可能在一夜之間殺死數(shù)百只候鳥，這一問題已開始引起越來越多的公眾關(guān)注)可推知，本句是在說明建筑物上的燈光會迷惑鳥類，導(dǎo)致他們墜落。故F選項(xiàng)“建筑物和高塔上的燈光迷惑了鳥類，導(dǎo)致它們墜落。”符合上下文語境，故選F?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文Cryptochromesfrommigratorybirdshaveevolvedtorequirelesslightandtoallowtheirrecognitionofbluelighttosenseandrespondtomagneticfields.(候鳥身上的隱色已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到需要更少的光，并允許它們識別藍(lán)光來感知和響應(yīng)磁場)可知，本句是在說明候鳥會利用地球的磁場來幫助導(dǎo)航。故E選項(xiàng)“候鳥利用地球磁場幫助它們導(dǎo)航。”符合上下文語境，故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Tacklingbehavioralproblemsatschoolisnoteasy,butDr.TerranceNewtonisdoingthatwitha____21____effectivesolution.InhisfirstyearasprincipalofWarnerElementarySchool,Newtonhasalreadyseena____22____changeinhisat-riskstudents.Allittookwasafewquality____23____andapairofclippers.Newtonsawthe____24____assoonashestartedattheschool.Bullyingwas____25____andstudentswereconstantlybeing____26____.Hebelievedthebestwaytosolvethiswastobuildpositiverelationshipswithstudents.So,he____27____tosetupabarbershopatschool.Havingcuthairbefore,Newton____28____thebarbershopcouldbeasafespaceforstudentsto____29____.Andhewasright-notonlyhashebondedwithformer_____30_____,butsuspensionshavedroppedfrom103to4inthelastyear!Evenbetter,bullyinghasallbutstopped.KamishaCollinshasseenthe_____31_____inher11-year-oldson,BrandonPonzo.“Inthebeginningoftheschoolyear,mysonstartedoffreally_____32_____andwasnotgettingalongwithDr.Newton,butnowtheyhavebuiltthis_____33_____-heloveshimverymuch,”Collinssaid.“Dr.Newtonsayspositivethingstothemwhilecuttingtheirhair.Andmyson’sbehaviorandgradeshaveimprovedsomuch.”Whatabrilliantideanottomentiona_____34_____leader!Alittleloveandcarecanmakeabigimpacton_____35_____kids.21.A.suddenly B.similarly C.surprisingly D.hardly22.A.great B.slight C.harmful D.risky23.A.haircuts B.conversations C.performances D.services24.A.fear B.problem C.project D.reason25.A.outofplace B.undercontrol. C.underdiscussion D.outofhand26.A.suspended B.criticized C.praised D.protected27.A.decided B.preferred C.learned D.afforded28.A.promised B.admitted C.rejected D.figured29.A.calmdown B.openup C.showup D.breakdown30.A.classmates B.colleagues C.housekeepers D.troublemakers31.A.increase B.encouragement C.difference D.difficulty32.A.rough B.pleasant C.easy D.mild33.A.barrier B.barbershop C.reputation D.bond34.A.strict B.brave C.fantastic D.modest35.A.appealing B.disappointing C.struggling D.lying【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.D26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.C35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了解決學(xué)校里的行為問題并不容易，但特倫斯·牛頓博士正在用一種驚人有效的方法解決這個(gè)問題。【21題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：解決學(xué)校里的行為問題并不容易，但特倫斯·牛頓博士正在用一種驚人有效的方法解決這個(gè)問題。A.suddenly突然地；B.similarly相似地；C.surprisingly驚人地；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)上文“Tacklingbehavioralproblemsatschoolisnoteasy”說明解決問題不容易，以及此處的but轉(zhuǎn)折故可推知，此處為但特倫斯·牛頓博士正在用一種驚人有效的方法解決這個(gè)問題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在擔(dān)任華納小學(xué)校長的第一年，牛頓就已經(jīng)看到了他那些有危險(xiǎn)的學(xué)生的巨大變化。A.great巨大的；B.slight輕的；C.harmful有害的；D.risky冒險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)上文所說牛頓博士正在用一種驚人有效的方法解決這個(gè)問題，以及此處“changeinhisat-riskstudents”變化在危險(xiǎn)學(xué)生上，故可推知，此處為看到學(xué)生巨大的變化。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：只需要幾次高質(zhì)量的談話和一把剪刀。A.haircuts理發(fā)；B.conversations談話；C.performances表演；D.services服務(wù)。根據(jù)下文“Newtonsayspositivethingstothemwhilecuttingtheirhair.”可知，此處為只需要幾次高質(zhì)量的談話和一把剪刀。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：牛頓一到這所學(xué)校就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)問題。A.fear害怕；B.problem問題；C.project項(xiàng)目；D.reason理由。根據(jù)下文“Bullyingwas________andstudentswereconstantlybeing.”可知，此處為牛頓一到這所學(xué)校就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)問題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：欺凌行為無法控制，學(xué)生經(jīng)常被停學(xué)。A.outofplace不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；B.undercontrol在控制下；C.underdiscussion在討論中；D.outofhand失控。根據(jù)“butsuspensionshavedroppedfrom103to4inthelastyear!”可知，在采取措施前欺凌已經(jīng)無法控制。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：欺凌行為無法控制，學(xué)生經(jīng)常被停學(xué)。A.suspended暫令停學(xué)；B.criticized批評；C.praised贊揚(yáng)；D.protected保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文所說欺凌行為無法控制，故可推知，此處為學(xué)生經(jīng)常被停學(xué)。且下文的“butsuspensionshavedroppedfrom103to4inthelastyear!”也是提示。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，他決定在學(xué)校開一家理發(fā)店。A.decided決定；B.preferred更喜愛；C.learned學(xué)習(xí)；D.afforded提供。根據(jù)下文“Havingcuthairbefore”之前剪過頭發(fā)，故可推知，此處為他決定在學(xué)校開一家理發(fā)店。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：牛頓以前剪過頭發(fā)，他認(rèn)為理發(fā)店可以成為學(xué)生開放的安全空間。A.promised承諾；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.rejected拒絕；D.figured認(rèn)為。根據(jù)“Havingcuthairbefore”之前剪過頭發(fā)以及下文“thebarbershopcouldbeasafespaceforstudentsto________.”故可推知，此處為他認(rèn)為理發(fā)店可以成為學(xué)生開放的安全空間。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：牛頓以前剪過頭發(fā)，他認(rèn)為理發(fā)店可以成為學(xué)生開放的安全空間。A.calmdown冷靜下來；B.openup打開，開發(fā)；C.showup出現(xiàn)；D.breakdown打破，壞掉。根據(jù)上文所說欺凌行為無法控制推知，此處為他認(rèn)為理發(fā)店可以成為學(xué)生開放的安全空間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是對的——他不僅和以前的麻煩制造者建立了良好的關(guān)系，而且去年被停學(xué)的次數(shù)從103次降到了4次！A.classmates同學(xué)；B.colleagues同事；C.housekeepers管家；D.troublemakers麻煩制造者。根據(jù)上文所說欺凌行為以及“butsuspensionshavedropped…”可知，此處為他不僅和以前的麻煩制造者建立了良好的關(guān)系，而且去年被停學(xué)的次數(shù)從103次降到了4次！故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：卡米沙·柯林斯(KamishaCollins)看到了她11歲兒子布蘭登·龐佐(BrandonPonzo)身上的變化。A.increase增加；B.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；C.difference不同，變化；D.difficulty困難。根據(jù)下文“Inthebeginningof…”以及“butnowthey…”可知，此處為開始到現(xiàn)在的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“在新學(xué)年開始的時(shí)候，我的兒子開始的時(shí)候非常不順，他和牛頓博士相處得很不好，但現(xiàn)在他們建立了這種關(guān)系——他非常愛他，”柯林斯說。A.rough困難的；B.pleasant高興的；C.easy簡單的；D.mild溫和的。根據(jù)and連接的“andwasnotgettingalongwithDr.Newton”可知，此處為在新學(xué)年開始的時(shí)候，斯克林兒子開始的時(shí)候非常不順，他和牛頓博士相處得很不好。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“在新學(xué)年開始的時(shí)候，我的兒子開始的時(shí)候非常不順，他和牛頓博士相處得很不好，但現(xiàn)在他們建立了這種關(guān)系——他非常愛他，”柯林斯說。A.barrier屏障；B.barbershop理發(fā)店；C.reputation名譽(yù)；D.bond聯(lián)系，關(guān)系。根據(jù)“heloveshimverymuch,”可知，此處為但現(xiàn)在他們建立了這種關(guān)系——他非常愛他。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多么聰明的想法，更不要說他是一個(gè)了不起的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了！A.strict嚴(yán)厲的；B.brave勇敢的；C.fantastic了不起的；D.modest謙遜的。根據(jù)“Whatabrilliantidea”以及根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，這是對Dr.TerranceNewton贊揚(yáng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的愛和關(guān)心會對掙扎中的孩子產(chǎn)生很大的影響。A.appealing吸引人的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.struggling苦苦掙扎的；D.lying撒謊的。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，愛和關(guān)心會對“苦苦掙扎的(struggling)”學(xué)生，即上文提到的制造麻煩的學(xué)生，產(chǎn)生大大的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)根據(jù)所給首字母或漢語提示完成下列句子。每空只能填一個(gè)單詞。36.Afterexchanging

________

(問候)witheachother,theybegantomountthemountaintogether.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】greetings【詳析】考查名詞。句意：互相問候后，他們開始一起上山。根據(jù)句意和中文提示可知，表示“問候”應(yīng)用greeting，為可數(shù)名詞，且由witheachother可知，這里應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式作賓語。故填greetings。37.Togetridof________

(垃圾)problems.thecitywillloadthehugespacecraftwithwastematerials.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】garbage【詳析】考查動詞。句意：為了解決垃圾問題，這座城市將在巨大的宇宙飛船上裝載廢物。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用名詞garbage，修飾名詞problems。故填garbage。38.I________(緊急地)neededtobuysomedailyitems,suchastoothpasteandsoap.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】urgently【詳析】考查副詞。句意：我急需買一些日常用品，如牙膏和肥皂。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞urgently，作狀語修飾動詞needed，符合題意。故填urgently。39.Thedoctortellsusthatthiskindoffoodishardto________(消化)forushumans.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】digest【詳析】考查動詞。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我們，這種食物對我們?nèi)祟悂碚f很難消化。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞digest，且上文為短語behardtodosth.。故填digest。40.Ihadsoterribledreamsthatthey____________(擾亂)mefordays.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】disturbed【詳析】考查動詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我做了很多可怕的夢，這些夢困擾了我好幾天。擾亂為disturb，根據(jù)had可知，為一般過去時(shí)。故填disturbed。第三節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Oneday,Iwaswaitingformytraininthewaitingroom,in________41________

Isawlargecrowdsofpeople.Amongthecrowdswasalittleboy________42________

(carry)somepairsofsunglassesinhishands.Theboywasabout10yearsold.Hewassellingsunglasses.Hetriedfromonepersontoanother,but________43________

(sad),nobodyseemedinterestedinhissunglasses.Judgingfromthe________44________

(express)onhisface,theboywasvery________45________

(disappoint).Outofsympathyforthepoorboy,Igavehim20dollars,________46________

(say)thatIwasnotinneedofthesunglasses.________47________

mysurprise,hebecameangry.Ididn’tknow________48________

tosaynext.Thentheboysaidtome,“Eitheryoubuyapairofsunglassesoryoutakebackyourmoney.Idon’tneedyourpity.Iwanttoearnmoneywithmyownhands.”Iapologizedtotheboy,andItoldhimthatIwouldbuytwopairs.Theboy________49________

(manage)tokeephisself-respectandchosetomakealivingonhisown.Icouldn’thelp_________50_________

(show)respectfortheboy.【答案】41.which42.carrying43.sadly44.expression45.disappointed46.saying47.To48.what49.managed50.showing【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在車站等車時(shí)發(fā)生的事情。在人群擁擠的車站里，一個(gè)小男孩穿梭在人群中售賣太陽鏡，卻沒有什么生意。出于同情，作者給了他20美元卻沒有“購買”他的太陽鏡，小男孩很生氣。得知他只是想自己有尊嚴(yán)地通過自己的雙手掙錢時(shí)，作者表達(dá)了歉意并買下兩副太陽鏡。【41題詳析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：有一天，我在候車室等我的火車，在那兒我看到了很多人。分析可知，“in__________Isawlargecrowdsofpeople”是之前名詞“thewaitingroom”的非限制定語從句，先行詞在從句中作介詞in的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故填which?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：人群中有一個(gè)小男孩，手里拿著幾副太陽鏡。分析可知，句子謂語為“was”，因此所填動詞“carry”應(yīng)是非謂語作之前名詞“alittleboy”的后置定語。此處“alittleboy”與“carry”之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填carrying?！?3題詳析】考查副詞。句意：他試著從一個(gè)人到另一個(gè)人，但遺憾的是，似乎沒有人對他的太陽鏡感興趣。分析可知，應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，修飾but后的分句。故填sadly。【44題詳析】考查名詞。句意：從他臉上的表情來看，這個(gè)男孩非常失望。由語境及空前的the可知此處應(yīng)填“express”的名詞形式“expression”，意為“表情”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填expression?！?5題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從他臉上的表情來看，這個(gè)男孩非常失望。分析可知，此處應(yīng)是形容詞作表語。“disappoint”，動詞，意為“使人失望”，其形容詞為“disappointed(失望的)”和“disappointing(令人失望的)”，空前主語“theboy”指人，且-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞形式通常用來形容人的感受，因此“disappointed”符合語境表達(dá)。故填disappointed。【46題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：出于對那個(gè)可憐的男孩的同情，我給了他20美元，說我不需要太陽鏡。分析可知，句子謂語為“gave”，因此所填動詞“say”應(yīng)是非謂語作狀語。主語“I”與“say”之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，此處現(xiàn)在分詞形式“saying”，作伴隨狀語。故填saying?！?7題詳析】考查介詞。句意：讓我驚訝的是，他變得生氣了。“toone’ssurprise”，意為“讓某人驚訝的是”，固定搭配，句首首字母大寫。故填To。【48題詳析】考查疑問代詞。句意：我不知道接下來