Unit11ConflictandCompromiseLesson2DealingwithConflict【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過關(guān)】Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．In2016Britainvotedto________(退出)fromtheEU.2．Shebecamesonervousthatsheshook________(劇烈地)．3．Onemustapplyoneselftothepresentandkeepone'seyes________(堅(jiān)定地)fixedonone'sfuturegoals.4．Scientistshaveafairly________(消極的)attitudetothetheory.5．Thegovernmenthasbeenaccusedofnot________(回應(yīng))appropriatelytotheneedsofthehomeless.6．Shetried________(跺腳)herfeettokeepwarmatthebusstop.7．Theboss________(咒罵)atthewaitresswhenshebrokeaplate.8．The________(后果)ofarisingsealevelwouldbewidespreadflooding.9．Theviolencewastheresultofpoliticalandethnic________(沖突)．Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Igotthejobonthestrengthofyour________(recommend)．2．Ontheotherhand,therearealwayssomepeoplewhoviewthisgap________(negative)．3．Hedeterminedona________(withdraw)ofhisforces.4．Weprefertosubscribetoanalternative________(explain)．5．________surprisedusmosttherewasthebeautyofthescenes.6．Closingtheplantwilllead________300joblosses.7．Thecourtscanrefuse________(admit)policeevidencewhichhasbeenillegallyobtained.8．Thesetwoproblemsmustn'tbetreated________thesameway.Ⅲ.短語填空eq\x(asaresult，maketherightjudgment，dealwith，putforward，onone'sbehalf)1．It'snoteasyforanyoneto____________inemergencies.2．Itendtoacceptanyidea____________byexpertsonTV.3．Mr.Knightcan'tbehere,sohiswifewillaccepttheprize____________.4．Wemusttakepositivestepsto____________theproblem.5．Hemadeonebigmistake,and,____________，losthisjob.Ⅳ.完成句子1．回應(yīng)謾罵性電子郵件的最好辦法就是置之不理。Thebestwayto________________aflameistoignoreit.2．非常榮幸來到這里與大家分享音樂如何影響了我的人生。It'sanhonortobehereandto________________youthestoryofhowmusichashadanimpactonmylife.3．昨天他剛從銀行里取了500美元，就被搶劫了。He____________________$500fromabankaccountyesterdaywhenhewasrobbed.4．我們把婚禮提前了兩周。Wehave________________________bytwoweeks.5．從房子的窗戶可以把通向農(nóng)場的那條小路盡收眼底。Thelane________________thefarmwasinfullviewofthehousewindows.【能力提升訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.閱讀AAsSimonKindleysides,34,tookhisfirststepintheLondonMarathoninApril,hefeltasifmagicwasintheair.“Aswewerewalkingtowardsthefirstmile,weactuallystartedjoiningalltherunners，”hesaid.“Everyonewasonthestreets,cheering,andthatwasamagicalmoment.”Astimewenton,thecrowdsandotherracersspreadaround.Kindleysidesandhisteamofeightsupporterscontinuedwalking.Kindleysides,whoisparalysed(癱瘓的)fromthewaistdownandtypicallyusesawheelchair,wasequippedwithanexoskeleton(外骨骼)tohelphimwalk.Hissupporterswalkedwithhimtochangethebatteriesinhisexoskeletonsohecouldkeepmoving.In2013,Kindleysideswasdiagnosedwithabraintumour(腦瘤)thatwasgrowinginawaythatpressedoncertainnerves,leadingtohimlosingfeelinginhislegs.Hewastoldhewouldneverwalkagain.Beforehisparalysis,theLondon-basedsingeranddancerhadalwayswantedtorunamarathon,buthenevermadetheplantodoso—untilthisyear.DuringtheLondonMarathon,thelasttwo-mileracewasthehardest.“Atthatpoint,Iwasexhausted.Itwasfreezingcold,andIwashurtingemotionally，”Kindleysidessaid.Buthekeptgoing.“Ididn'twanttoletpeopledown.Ihadateamofeight,andIwasraisingmoneyforTheBrainTumourCharity，”hesaid.“Ididn'twanttoletthemdown,myselfdown,andIthoughtifIwouldgetthisfar,Iwouldhavetocontinue.”SohecontinuedandmadehistoryasthefirstparalysedmantocompletetheLondonMarathononfoot.Then,recoveringathome,hesharedhisaccomplishmentwithhisthreechildren.“TheyusedtosayI'mtheonlydadintheirwholeschoolthat'sinawheelchair,andnowtheysayI'mtheirdad,theonlyonethathaswalkedamarathon，”hesaid.Kindleysidesistrainingtocompletethreemoremarathonsnextyear,includingtheLondonMarathonagain.1．WhydidKindleysides'ssupportersaccompanyhimalltheway?A．Toinspirehimasateam.B．Tohelpchangethebatteries.C．Toguidehimalongtheroad.D．Toassisthimwiththewheelchair.2．WhatcausedKindleysides'sdisability?A．Anaccidentinthepreviousmarathon.B．Anoperationonhisbrainforthetumour.C．Somenervesproducedoutofthetumour.D．Thepressurefromthebraintumouronthenerves.3．WhatpartlysupportedKindleysidestofinishthehardesttwo-milerace?A．Thedeterminationtobeatothers.B．Thestrongdesiretorecover.C．Thekindnesstohelpthecharity.D．Theprizemoneyforthewinner.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutKindleysides?A．Hewasonceasuccessfulactor.B．Hischildrenfeelapityforhiminthewheelchairnow.C．HeisambitiousforjoiningintheLondonMarathononcemore.D．HewasthefirstdisabledmantocompletetheLondonMarathon.BFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownvirusasitsfulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing－theNCP'ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit'spotentiallymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon-livingorganisms(有機(jī)體)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan'treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing－fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Forthisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult”，EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒學(xué)家)attheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon'tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey'veinvaded.”However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假說)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.Forthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A．Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B．Virusesarereallysmalllivingorganisms.C．Virusescan'treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D．Virusesenterourbodiesmainlythroughthemouth,noseandhair.6．Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A．Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B．Theyevolvedfromparasitesintoindependentorganisms.C．TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D．Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.7．Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．reasonable B．commonC．creative D．unbelievable8．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals'.B．Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.C．Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D．Theauthorisoptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.CFacialexpressionscarrythemeaningsthataredeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculturethesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusionacrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasmembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionpermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneraliseaboutAmericansandtheirfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionsaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”otherpeopleincorrectly.9．WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeaninAmerica?A．Love. B．Politeness.C．Joy. D．Thankfulness.10．TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecan________.A．showfriendlinesstostrangersB．beusedtohidetruefeelingsC．beusedinthewrongplacesD．showpersonalhabits11．Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?A．Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.B．Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.C．Findoutabouttheirpastexperiences.D．Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.12．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CulturalDifferencesB．SmilesandRelationshipsC．FacialExpressivenessD．HabitsandEmotionsⅡ.七選五Agoodtrainingpartnercanbeagreatasset(有用的人)toyourtrainingbutifyougetstuckwithabadone,itcouldleadyoudowntheroadtofrustration.__1__Hereareafewthingstolookoutfor：Dependable.Choosesomeonewhoyouaresurewillshowupforeveryscheduledworkoutorwhowillcallyouiftheycan'tmakeit.Itisadrain(消耗)onyourvaluableenergyespeciallybeforetrainingtohavetoconstantlyremindyourpartner.Attitude.Getapartnerwithapositiveattitude.Thisisveryimportant.Iftheyconstantlysaythatsomethingisimpossibleorthattheycan'toryoucan'tdosomething,youmayendupbelievingthem.__2__Openmind.Getapartnerwithanopenmind.Someonewhohastodothingsinhisorherwayallthetime，willnotlistentoyouandwillnotchangehisorhermindisn'tagoodpartner.__3__Theleadershouldtakeintoaccounttheneedsandfeelingsoftheotherpartnernottotallyignoringthem.Spotting.Getsomeoneyoufeelcomfortablewithspottingyou.Oneofthemainrolesofatrainingpartnerisspottingandifyoudon'ttrustthem，there'snotmuchpointinhavingthemaroundtohelp.__4__Ifyouareabeginner，trytofindsomeonewhoknowswhattheyaredoing.Youwillgetmoreoutofyourtrainingthanifyoutrainwithanotherbeginner.Whilethereareanumberofadvantagesofhavingatrainingpartner，therearealsoadvantagesofworkingalone.__5__A．Traininglevel.B．Similarstrengthlevels.C．Beselectivewhenchoosingatrainingpartner.D．Findsomeonewithasimilartraininggoalasyou.E．Ineverypartnership，onepersonwilltendtobetheleader.F．Donottrainwithsomeonewhoissatisfiedwithnoimprovement.G．Intheend，itisreallyuptoyouwhetherornotyouneedatrainingpartner.Ⅲ.語法填空Weallknowcleanwaterisimportantforgoodhealth.Butnowwealsoknowweshouldwatch1.________wekeepourwaterin.Plasticbottleshardenedwithadangerousmaterial2.________(call)BPAcanreleaseachemicalintoourwaterthatharmsourbodies.Since2011,manycountries3.________(ban)companiesfromusingplasticwithBPAinfoodcontainersandbabybottles.Butareothernon-BPAplasticssafe?PlasticlabelledBPA-freemightuseotherchemicalsthathave4.________(harm)healtheffects.5.________(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.So,whatshouldpeopledo?The6.________(good)materialtodrinkfromisglass,7.________hasnochemicalsthatcanpoisonwater.Anothergoodchoice8.________adrinkcontainerisstainlesssteel.Stainlesssteelbottlesarebetterthanaluminumbottles,whicharecoveredwithathinplastic9.________(protect)themetalfromacids.Therearemanygoodfood-gradestainlesssteelwaterbottlesonthemarket.Ifyoudodecidetouseareusableplasticwaterbottle,avoid10.________(keep)itinthesun.Sunlightandhotliquidspeedupthereleaseofchemicalsintoyourdrinkingwater.Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Antarcticaisthecenterofimportantscientificresearch.However,withanincreasingnumberofday,scientistshavetoleavetheirworktogreetagroupoftouristswhoaretakingavacationinthiscontinentofice.Eventhoughtheirdesiretoenjoythisvastandbeautifullandscapecanbeappreciated,Antarcticashouldbeclosedtotourists.TouristsinAntarcticacandamagescientificresearchandhurttheenvironment.Whentouristgroupscome,theytakescientistsawayfromtheirresearch.Theworkisdifficultandsomeoftheprojectscanbedamagedbysuchsimplemistakesasopeningthewrongdoororknockingagainstasmallpieceofequipment.Inaddition,touristsinAntarcticacanalsohurttheenvironment.MembersofGreenpeace,oneoftheworld'sleadingenvironmentalorganizations,complaintouristsleavetrashonbeachesanddisturbtheplantsandanimals.InaplaceasfrozenasAntarctica,itcantakeonehundredyearsforaplanttogrowback.TheneedtoprotectAntarcticafromtouristsbecomesevengreaterwhenweconsiderthefactthatthereisnogovernmenthere.Antarcticabelongstonocountry.Whoismakingsurethatthepenguins,plantsandseaaresafe?Nooneisresponsible.ItistruethatthenumberoftouristswhovisitAntarcticaeachyearissmallercomparedtothenumberofthosewhovisitotherplaces.However,theseotherplacesarecontrolledbylocalgovernments.Theyhaveaninterestinprotectingtheirnaturalenvironments.WhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentofAntarctica?Thescientist,tobesure,butnotnecessarilythetourcompaniesthatmakemoneyfromsendingpeoplesouth.Ifwedon'tprotectAntarcticafromtourism,theremaybeseriousconsequencesforusall.Wemightlosetheresultsofscientificresearchprojects.It'spossiblethattheseresultscouldteachussomethingimportantaboutthecausesandeffectsofclimatechange.Somefragileplantsandanimalsmightdieanddisappearforever.ThiscoulddamagethebalanceofanimalandplantlifeinAntarctica.Weknowfrompastexperiencethatwhenthingsgetunbalanced,harmfulchangescanoccur.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過關(guān)】Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．withdraw2.violently3.firmly4.negative5．responding6.stamping7.swore8.consequence9．conflictsⅡ.單句語法填空1．recommendation2.negatively3.withdrawal4．explanation5.What6.to7.toadmit8.inⅢ.短語填空1．maketherightjudgment2.putforward3.onhisbehalf4．dealwith5.asaresultⅣ.完成句子1．respondto2.sharewith3.hadjustwithdrawn4.putforwardthewedding5.leadingto【能力提升訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.閱讀A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了殘疾人西蒙在參加倫敦馬拉松比賽時(shí)發(fā)生的溫暖人心的故事。1．B'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句“Hissupporterswalkedwithhimtochangethebatteriesinhisexoskeletonsohecouldkeepmoving.”可知，他的支持者一直跟著他是為了幫助他更換維持外骨骼運(yùn)動(dòng)所需要的電池，故選B。2．D'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“In2013,Kindleysideswasdiagnosedwithabraintumourthatwasgrowinginawaythatpressedoncertainnerves,leadingtohimlosingfeelinginhislegs.”可知，造成他殘疾的原因是腦瘤壓迫了某些神經(jīng)，故選D。3．C'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“‘Ididn'twanttoletpeopledown.Ihadateamofeight,andlwasraisingmoneyforTheBrainTumourCharity，’hesaid.”可知，支撐他完成最后艱難的兩英里的比賽的動(dòng)力之一就是他為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的善心，故選C。4．C'推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Kindleysidesistrainingtocompletethreemoremarathonsnextyear,includingtheLondonMarathonagain.”可知，他渴望再次參加倫敦馬拉松比賽，故選C。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了關(guān)于新型冠狀病毒肺炎的傳播途徑、病毒起源的研究情況。研究表明病毒自身無法傳播，是通過宿主細(xì)胞來感染的。目前關(guān)于病毒起源的解釋有三種主要的假說，但都還處于理論階段。5．C'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主細(xì)胞才能繁殖，故選C。6．D'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第七段是關(guān)于病毒起源的三種假說。根據(jù)第三種假說可知，研究認(rèn)為病毒與宿主細(xì)胞共同進(jìn)化，并且與這些細(xì)胞共存，故選D。7．A'詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第七段中“therearethreemainhypotheses(假說)toexplaintheoriginofviruses”以及第八段中“theseareonlytheories”可知，關(guān)于病毒的起源，現(xiàn)在都只是處于理論階段。現(xiàn)在的技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于病毒的起源還無法做出“合理的”解釋。因此可以猜測plausible意思為“合理的”，故選A。8．C'推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可以推斷，要找到病毒的起源還需要很長一段時(shí)間，故選C。C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。微笑在不同的文化中是具有不同的含義的。來自不同文化背景的人表達(dá)情感的方式不同，所以在跨文化交際中，我們應(yīng)避免用自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去評(píng)判來自其他文化背景的人。9．C'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“inAmericanculturethesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure”可知，在美國文化中，微笑一般是表達(dá)快樂的表情。此處joy是pleasure的同義詞。故選C項(xiàng)。10．B'細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusionacrosscultures.”可知，此處提出“微笑可以被用于隱藏真正的情感”這一論點(diǎn)，其后提到越南人講故事的例子就是為了論證微笑能隱藏真正的情感這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。11．B'推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionsaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof‘reading’otherpeopleincorrectly.”可知，我們?cè)凇白x”人們的表情的時(shí)候，要先了解他們的文化背景，否則很容易產(chǎn)生誤解，故選B項(xiàng)。12．C'主旨大意題。文章圍繞面部表情展開，闡述了來自不同文化背景的人表達(dá)感情的方式不同，同一面部表情在不同的文化背景中的含義可能不同的觀點(diǎn)，所以“面部表情”是文章的主旨，即最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。有一個(gè)好的訓(xùn)練伙伴是好的，但是要精心挑選這個(gè)人。本文告訴你如何選擇一個(gè)讓你滿意的訓(xùn)練伙伴。1．C此空位于段落中，起承上啟下的作用，它引出下文。前一句“Agoodtrainingpartnercanbeagreatasset(有用的人)toyourtrainingbutifyougetstuckwithabadone,itcouldleadyoudowntheroadtofrustration.(好的訓(xùn)練伙伴對(duì)你的訓(xùn)練有幫助，但是如果選擇不當(dāng)就會(huì)引領(lǐng)你到令人沮喪的道路。)”可推斷，C項(xiàng)：當(dāng)選擇一個(gè)訓(xùn)練伙伴時(shí)，需要好好挑選。符合題意，引出下文需要注意的事項(xiàng)。故選C。2．F根據(jù)上文“Getapartnerwithapositiveattitude.(要找一個(gè)有積極態(tài)度的伙伴)”和“Iftheyconstantlysaythatsomethingisimp