絕密★考試結(jié)束前

2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次月考卷

英語

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.測(cè)試范圍：Units1-3（外研版2019選擇性必修第三冊(cè)）。

4.難度系數(shù)：0.65?

5.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題

卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完

每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatisprobablytheman?

A.Apostman.B.Acashier.C.Awaiter.

【答案】A

【原文1M:HereisyourexpressmailfromNewYork.Couldyoupleasesignyournamehere?

W:Sure,thanks.Ihavewaitedforitfortwodays.It'sfinallyhere.

2.Howmuchisastudentticket?

A.2dollars.B.4dollars.C.8dollars.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Excuseme,howmuchisaticketforthefootballmatch?

M:Ifs8dollarsforadults.Withastudentcard,youcanget50%off.Howmanyticketsdoyouwanttobuy?

W:Twostudenttickets,please.

3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.Buyanotherjacket.B.Returnajacket.C.Changeajacket.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Iboughtasize10ofthisjacketyesterday,butIjustfoundsize8fitsmebetter.Couldyouholdthisone

forme?Filbringtheotheronebacktomorrow.

M:Sure.Iwillputthisoneawayforyou.

4.Whichaspectofthefilmdoesthewomanlike?

A.Theplot.B.Themusic.C.Thedialogue.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm,Allen?

W:Well,theplotisnotsogood.

M:Butthemusic...

W:themusicisjustsoso.Anyway,thedialogueisveryhumorous.

5.Whydoesthemanfeelupset?

A.Someonesaidhewasugly.

B.Aguydidn'tlikehisclothes.

C.Hefoundhisclothesugly.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Sam,youlookabitupset.

M:Yes.Isawsomeoneinthesupermarkettoday.Hewasdressedinthesameclothesasme.Theclotheslookedso

ugly.

W:Oh,thafsinteresting.

M:ButwhenIwentuptohim,Isawitwasmyselfinthemirror.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題L5分，滿分22?5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最

佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

6.Whatisthewoman'splan?

A.TobuyTomagift.B.ToinviteTomtoFrance.C.TogiveTomasurprise.

7.Whatdoesthewomanmeanintheend?

A.Sheneedstheman'ssuggestions.

B.Shewillgivesomethingspecialtotheman.

C.ShewantsthemantokeeptheplansecretfromTom.

【答案】6.C7.C

【原文JM:Hello,Sara.IknowthatyouareplanningsomethingbigforTom'sbirthday.Couldyoutellmewhat

youhaveinyourmind?

W:Iwanttomakehisbirthdayaveryspecialevent.TomhasasisterlivinginFrance.AndI'llsendheraplane

ticket,sothatshecanbehereforhisbirthday.

M:Whatanexcellentplan!Thafssomethingspecial.CanItellTomaboutitnow?

W:No.Idon'twanttosayanythinguntilI'msureshecancome.

聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Inalibrary.C.Inasupermarket.

9.Whatwillthewomandotomorrowevening?

A.VisitCatherine.B.Gotoaconcert.C.Talkwiththeman.

10.Whoisthewomangoingtocall?

A.Joan.B.Catherine.C.Mike.

【答案】8.A9.B10.A

【原文】W:Hi,Mike.

M:Hi,Alice.Nicetoseeyou.Youdon'toftencomehere.

W:Iusuallyhavefastfooddeliveredtomyoffice.Justcamehereforachangetoday.

M:Theenvironmenthereisgoodandit'srelativelyquiet.

W:Yeah,andIheardthefoodistasty.Bytheway,areyougoingtotheconcerttomorrowevening?

M:Yes,areyou?

W:Yeah,Catherinewassupposedtogowithme.Butshemayhavetoworkextrahourstomorrow.Doyouknow

anyonewhomightliketogo?

M:IthinkJoanmightwanttogo.

W:Oh,yes.She'sagreatfanofclassicalmusic.I'llgiveheraringafterlunch.

聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

11.Whywillthewomanbelateforthedinner?

A.Shehastoworkovertime.

B.Shewillmeetanengineer.

C.Sheisaskedtorepairacomputer.

12.Whowasinvitedbesidesthewoman?

A.Mary.B.Joseph.C.John.

13.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?

A.Sheknowsthemanwell.

B.Shedialsawrongnumber.

C.Sheworksinanadvertisingcompany.

【答案】ILA12.B13.B

【原文】W:Isthatyou,John?

M:Yes,speaking.

W:TellMarywe'llbelatefordinnerthisevening.

M:TmafraidIdon'tunderstand.

W:Hasn'tMarytoldyou?SheinvitedJosephandmetodinnerthisevening.IsaidIwouldbeatyourhouseatsix

o'clock,butthebosswantsmetodosomeextrawork.Tilhavetostayattheoffice.Idon'tknowwhenrilfinish.

M:Idon'tknowwhatyou9retalkingabout.

W:ThatisJohnSmith,isn'tit?

M:Yes,TmJohnSmith.

W:YouareJohnSmith,theengineer,aren'tyou?

M:Thafsright.

W:Youworkforanadvertisingcompany,don'tyou?

M:No,Idon't.I'mJohnSmith,thenetworkengineerinacomputercompany.

聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

14.Whydidthemanleavethesteelplant?

A.Hewasbadlypaid.B.Hewasoftenlate.C.Itwascloseddown.

15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheworkingschedule?

A.Satisfied.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.

16.Whafstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.

B.Fatheranddaughter.

C.IntervieweeandInterviewer.

【答案】14.C15.A16.C

［原文］W:Mr.Johnson,tellmealittleaboutyourself.

M:Iam32yearsold.IworkedatthesteelplantuntiltheyshutitdownlastmonthandnowIamlookingforajob.

W:Tellmeaboutyourexperienceatthesteelplant.

M:Iwasateamleader.IwasalwaysontimeandmybosssaidIwasoneofhisbestworkers.

W:Veryimpressive!Mr.Johnson,whatarethethreewordsthatcandescribeyoubest?

M:Iwouldsayresponsible,hard-workingandsmart.

W:Verygood.Whatmakesyouthebestcandidateforthisjob?

M:Well,Iamaveryhard-workingpersonandIamabletolearnthetasksquickly.

W:Okaythen.Thankyouforcoming.Doyouhaveanyquestions?

M:Yes.I'mwonderingwhatmyschedulewillbeifIgetthejob?

W:Thafsagoodquestion.Youwouldworkfromnineuntilfive,MondaythroughFriday.IsthatOKforyou?

M:Yes.Thatwouldbegreat.

W:Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?

M:No.Ibelievethatisall.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

17.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?

A.HowtoimproveEnglishlistening.

B.HowtofindEnglishmaterial.

C.Howtounderstandteachersbetter.

18.Howisthespeaker'sEnglishlisteningcomparedwithbefore?

A.Worse.B.Better.C.Unchanged.

19.Howmanyideasdoesthespeakeroffer?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.

20.Whatisthespeaker'slastadvice?

A.TowatchEnglishmovies.B.Tolistentotheradio.C.Tolistentopopsongs.

【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.C

【原文】M:Hello,everyone.I'mgladtobeheretosharemyopinionsaboutEnglishstudying.I'minmyfirst

yearinuniversity.ManyofyousaidthatlisteninginEnglishisdifficult.Well,itistrueformeaswell.Iremember

whenIwaslearningEnglish,Icouldn'tunderstandwhattheteachersaid.Butnowmylisteninghasimprovedalot.

HerearesomeideasthatmayhelpyouimproveyourlisteninginEnglish.Firstofall,don'tworryifyoudon't

understandeverywordyouhear.Ybushouldconcentrateonlyonthemostimportantwords.Secondly,trytoget

extralisteningpracticeoutsidetheclassroom.Forexample,youcanlistentotheradioinEnglishandwatchEnglish

movies.Next,it'sagoodideatolistentopresentationsfromtheInternet.Andifseasytodownloadpresentations

ontoyourcomputer.Finally,it'sagoodideatolistentopopsongswhileyoureadthewordsatthesametime.There

arelotsofInternetsitesthatgiveyouthewordsofthemostpopularsongs.Theseareallfromme,andIhopethey

willhelpyou.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

EdinburghEssayAward2025

ThecontestisorganizedbytheScottishArtsTrust,basedinEdinburgh,Scotland.

Topicsandrequirements

Thecompetitionwelcomesnon-fictionsubmissionsonabroadrangeoftopics.Weseekessaysoncultural

subjectssuchasart,literature,theatre,dance,music,andotherartisticexpressions-travelnarratives（故事）about

locations,individuals,andexperiences;profilesthatexploretheimpactofpeople-fromcommunityfiguresto

internationalcelebrities;discussionsofenvironmentalissuesfromhouseholdtogloballevel;personalmemoirs（回

憶錄）reflectingontransformativeexperiences;andexaminationsofphilosophical,historical,ormodern-daytopics

andmore.

Entriesshouldbenomorethan2,000words.Photographsandgraphicillustrationswithinthebodyofthe

essayarepermitted.Footnotesarenotpermitted.YourworkmustbeinEnglish,original,andunpublished.

Whomayenter

Thecompetitionisopentoanyoneaged16andover.

Entryfees,prizesandbursaries（獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金）

EntryFee:￡10peressay.Youmayenterasmanytimesasyouwish.

Prizes

?FirstPrize:￡1,000

?SecondPrize:￡500

?ThirdPrize:￡250

Ourbursaryschemeoffersalimitednumberofbursariesfortalentedwriterswhoareunder-represented.

Thesebursariesareopentoapplicantsworldwidewhofacechallengessuchaslowhouseholdincome,

discriminationofanykind,disability,full-timecare-givingresponsibilities,orotherbarriers.Werequireyouto

submittheworkforthecompetitionaspartofyourapplication.

21.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?

A.Submittingessaysonculturalsubjects.

B.Handinginanentrywithover2,000words.

C.Offeringanarticleaboutafamouspeople.

D.Writingtravelnarrativesaboutlocations.

22.Howmuchwillasecond-prizewinnerberewardedwith?

A.￡250.B.￡500.C.￡750.D.￡1,000.

23.Whatcanweknowaboutthecompetition?

A.Itprovidessomescholarships.

B.Itwelcomessciencefiction.

C.ItisorganizedbyacollegeinAmerica.

D.Itisopentowritersofallages.

【答案】21.B22.B23.A

【文本解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年愛丁堡寫作大賽的相關(guān)信息。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Topicsandrequirements”部分中第二段“Entriesshouldbenomorethan2,000words.（參

賽作品不得超過2000個(gè)字。廠可知，參賽作品不得超過2000字，如果上交超過2000字的作品，將導(dǎo)致取

消資格，故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Entryfees,prizesandbursaries（獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金）部分下的巴SecondPrize:￡500（二等獎(jiǎng)：￡500）”

可知，二等獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔@得￡500,故選B。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourbursaryschemeoffersalimitednumberofbursariesfortalentedwriters

whoareunder-represented.Thesebursariesareopentoapplicantsworldwidewhofacechallengessuchaslow

householdincome,discriminationofanykind,disability,full-timecare-givingresponsibilities,orotherbarriers.

（我們的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金計(jì)劃為少數(shù)族裔的優(yōu)秀作家提供有限的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。這些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金面向全球的申請(qǐng)人，他們面臨諸

如低家庭收入、的歧視、殘疾、全職護(hù)理責(zé)任或其他障礙等挑戰(zhàn)。）”可知，比賽提供了一些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。故選A。

B

Thenotebookstaredbackatme.Yellowingpaperandblack-and-whitephotographsspilledoutofitssides.

InhandwrittenSpanish,thelabelonitscoverread"FamilyHistory^^.Iopenedittothefirstpageandbegantoread.

'TmnotsurewhatitisthatI'mabouttowrite,butFvehadthisideaforanumberofyears...”

ThiswasclearlyGrandpa'shandwriting.InhisbasementinthesuburbsoutsideofLondonIreadonin

silence.Withinthefirstfewpagesofthenotebook,Grandpahadrecountedourfamily^history.WhatIheldinmy

handswasanoralhistory,consistingofdiaries,letters,andnewspapercuttingsfromGrandpa'sownyouth,a

treasureofresearch.

Ididn'ttellGrandpawhatI'dfoundinhisbasementuntilonedayhehappenedtoseemethere,withhis

notebookopenonthedesk.Myfacereddened."Tvebeenlookingatyourwriting.Ifsveryinteresting.^^Outofmy

expectation,hebrokeintoawidesmile,andhiseyeswelledupwithtears.Thenhebegantotellmethefamilystory,

explainingthepartsIdidn'tunderstand.

Asbothagrandsonandajournalist,Iaskedquestionsthatbroughtcolortothesehistories.Whydidmy

great-grandfatherleaveIraqinsuchahurryintheearly1900s?Whydidheworkasatravelingsalesmaninthe

remoteAndesMountains?Answerstothesequestionsbroughtmeasenseofexcitement,sortoflikeunlockinga

newworld.

Recently,IwastravelingthecountrytodiscussabookIwroteaboutmysearchacrossArgentinafortraces

ofmygreat-grandfather.WhatI'verealizedbytalkingwithothersisthattimeandenergyremainourbiggest

barrierstohearingourfamilies,stories.Theyaretheidentitieswecreateinworldsforeignandfamiliar,

rememberednowbutforeveratriskofbeingforgotten.Ifeelluckytohaveaskedbeforeit'stoolate,beforethe

keepersoftheanswersaregone.

24.Whatdidtheauthorfindinhisgrandpa'sbasement?

A.Alonglosthistorybook.B.Hiddenfamilytreasures.

C.StoriescreatedbyGrandpa.D.Recordsoffamilyhistory.

25.HowdidGrandpafeelwhenhesawtheauthorinthebasement?

A.Embarrassedandshy.B.Sadandthenrelieved.

C.Emotionalandpleased.D.Annoyedbutthenforgiving.

26.Whatmaythefindinghaveinspiredtheauthortodo?

A.Tobecomeabetterjournalist.

B.Toinvestigatehisfamilyfurther.

C.Todomoreinternationaltravel.

D.Tocollectmoredyingfolkstories.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thebarriers.B.Peoplewetalkedwith.

C.Thebookswewrote.D.Ourfamilies?stories.

【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.D

【文本解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在爺爺?shù)牡叵率依锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)記錄家族歷史的筆記本，這

激發(fā)了他探尋家族歷史的熱情。同時(shí)，他慶幸在此時(shí)去探尋家族歷史，因?yàn)楹芏嗳诉€健在，歷史不會(huì)湮滅。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InhandwrittenSpanish,thelabelonitscoverread"FamilyHistory”（封面上

的標(biāo)簽用手寫西班牙語寫著“家族歷史廣可知，作者在爺爺?shù)牡叵率依锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了家族歷史的記錄。故選D。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ididn'ttellGrandpawhatFdfoundinhisbasementuntilonedayhehappened

toseemethere,withhisnotebookopenonthedesk.Myfacereddened.tlFvebeenlookingatyourwriting.It's

veryinteresting.^^Outofmyexpectation,hebrokeintoawidesmile,andhiseyeswelledupwithtears.Thenhe

begantotellmethefamilystory,explainingthepartsIdidn'tunderstand.（我沒有告訴爺爺我在他地下室里發(fā)現(xiàn)

了什么，直到有一天他碰巧看到我在那里，而他的筆記本正攤開在桌上。我的臉一下子紅了?！拔乙恢痹诳?/p>

您寫的東西，非常有趣?！背龊跷业囊饬希冻隽藸N爛的笑容，眼里泛起了淚光。然后，他開始給我講家

族的故事，解釋那些我不明白的部分。）”可知，當(dāng)爺爺發(fā)現(xiàn)作者在悄悄閱讀他記錄家族歷史的筆記本時(shí)，他

并沒有生氣，而是露出了笑容，眼里噂滿了淚水。由此可推知，爺爺當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該是激動(dòng)的和高興的。故選C。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Recently,IwastravelingthecountrytodiscussabookIwroteaboutmy

searchacrossArgentinafortracesofmygreat-grandfather.（最近，我在全國各地巡回討論我寫的一本書，書中記

錄了我在阿根廷尋找曾祖父蹤跡的經(jīng)歷。）”可知，作者曾在阿根廷探尋他的曾祖父的生活軌跡。由此可推知，

閱讀爺爺?shù)墓P記本后，作者進(jìn)一步探尋了他的家族歷史。故選B。

27.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“WhatI'verealizedbytalkingwithothersisthattimeandenergyremainourbiggest

barrierstohearingourfamilies，stories.（通過與他人的交流，我意識(shí)到時(shí)間和精力仍是我們聆聽家人故事的最

大障礙。）”和劃線詞所在的句子“Theyaretheidentitieswecreateinworldsforeignandfamiliar,rememberednow

butforeveratriskofbeingforgotten.（它們是我們?cè)谀吧质煜さ氖澜缰兴茉斓纳矸?，此刻雖被銘記，卻永遠(yuǎn)

面臨著被遺忘的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）”可知，They指代上一句中的ourfamilies，stories。故選D。

C

Whatdoyougetwhenyoupaintapairofeyesonacow'srump（臀部）？Theansweristhatyou91!getan

approachtoscaringpredators（捕食者）away.Thissimpletrickiscalledthe"i-cow“solution.Theeyespaintedon

cows'rumpscantrickcertainpredators,suchaslionsandleopards.

AnexperimentbyAustraliaandBotswanacomparedhowpredatorsreactedtoherdsthathadeyepaintings

ontheirrumps,onesthathad"xs”,andsomewithoutanypaintingsatall.Overafour-yearperiod,researchers

foundthat15outofthe835unpaintedcowswerekilledbypredators,4ofthe543cowswith"xs”died,butevery

singleoneofthe683animalswitheyepaintingsontheirrumpswasstillalive.

NeilJordan,abiologistinAustralia,firstcameupwiththemethod.Whilewatchingalionhuntingadeer,he

noticedsomethinginteresting."Lionsusuallymoveslowlyandquietlytotheirprey,getcloseandjumponthem.

Butwhenthedeernoticedthelionandthelionrealizedithadbeenseen,itgaveuponthehunt,,,hesaid.Later,he

workedwithalocalfarmertotesthisideaoveraperiodof10weeks,andlikethemostrecentresults,allofthe

cowswithpaintedeyessurvived.

Despitethepositiveresults,Dr.Jordansaysthemethodisn'tasuresolution.Hesaysiffarmerspaintedeyes

onthebacksidesofalltheircows,predatorsmightfinallyfigureoutthattheeyesaren'treal.Therefore,further

researchshouldbedonetoprovewhetheritiseffective.

Inspiteofthis,he'sstillhopingthatthe"i-cow“willbecomeawidelyusedtechniquetoatleastreduce

predator'sattacks.t4Ithinkthefarmersarejusthappywiththis,"Dr.Jordansays."Afterall,alltheyneedisapaint

pot,paintbrushandalittlebitofartistictalent.9,

28.Whatisa^i-cow^^solutionintendedfor?

A.Protectingcowsfrombeingattacked.B.Leadingpredatorstothefarm.

C.Trainingcowstonoticepredators.D.Recognizingcowsquickly.

29.Whatdoweknowabouttheexperimentinparagraph2?

A.Mostoftheunpaintedcowswerekilled.

B.Thecowswith"eyes"ontherumpsurvived.

C.Asmallnumberofcowswith"xs"survived.

D.Morethantwentypaintedcowswerekilled.

30.Whatmightbeacauseofthe"i-cow“solution'sfailingtowork?

A.Predatorsperceivethetricks.

B.Predatorsgetclosetothecows.

C.Thereismorethanonepredator.

D.Thefarmerslackbasicpaintingskills.

31.WhydoesDr.Jordanthinkthatfarmerswillfavorhismethod?

A.Itisawidelyrecognizedapproach.B.Itfollowstheirtraditionalpractice.

C.Itiseasyandcheaptocarryout.D.Ithasprovedthemosteffective.

【答案】28.A29.B30.A31.C

【文本解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種名為“i-cow”的簡(jiǎn)單方法，這種方法通過在奶牛的臀部上

畫眼睛來嚇跑捕食者，如獅子和豹子，并展示了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，證明這種方法有效減少了捕食者的攻擊。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theansweristhatyou'Ugetanapproachtoscaringpredators（捕食者）away.

Thissimpletrickiscalledthe"i-cow”solution.（答案是你會(huì)得至一種嚇跑捕食者的方法。這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的把戲被稱

為“i-cow”解決方案）”可知，這個(gè)解決方案是為了保護(hù)奶牛免受攻擊。故選A項(xiàng)。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Overafour-yearperiod,researchersfoundthat15outofthe835unpaintedcows

werekilledbypredators,4ofthe543cowswith"xs"died,buteverysingleoneofthe683animalswitheye

paintingsontheirrumpswasstillalive.（在四年的時(shí)間里，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，835頭沒有畫上眼睛的奶牛中有15

頭被捕食者殺死，543頭畫上“xs”的奶牛中有4頭死亡，但683頭在臀部畫上眼睛的奶牛中，每一頭都還活

著）”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，那些臀部上畫著“眼睛”的奶?；盍讼聛?。故選B項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Despitethepositiveresults,Dr.Jordansaysthemethodisn'tasuresolution.He

saysiffarmerspaintedeyesonthebacksidesofalltheircows,predatorsmightfinallyfigureoutthattheeyesaren,t

real.（盡管取得了積極的結(jié)果，Jordan博士說，這種方法并不是一個(gè)可靠的解決方案。他說，如果農(nóng)民在所

有奶牛的背上都畫上眼睛，捕食者可能最終會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些眼睛不是真的）”可知，捕食者察覺到這些把戲可能會(huì)

導(dǎo)致該解決方案不起作用。故選A項(xiàng)。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中力thinkthefarmersarejusthappywiththis,"Dr.Jordansays."Afterall,allthey

needisapaintpot,paintbrushandalittlebitofartistictalent."（“我認(rèn)為農(nóng)民們對(duì)此很滿意，“Jordan博士說。“畢

竟，他們所需要的只是一個(gè)顏料罐、畫筆和一點(diǎn)藝術(shù)天賦?？赏浦?，Jordan博士認(rèn)為農(nóng)民會(huì)喜歡他的方

法，是因?yàn)樗僮骱?jiǎn)單，成本低廉。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Thehumanbrainismadeupofbillionsofcellscalledneurons（神經(jīng)元），whichareconnectedbyvast

“neuralnetworks“thatallowustolearnabouttheworld.Neuronsarelikesmallpiecesofsnow:theylookthesame

fromadistancebutonfurtherinspectionit'sclearthatnotwoareexactlyalike.Bycontrast,eachcellinan

artificialneuralnetwork-thetechnologyonwhichartificialintelligence（AI）isbased-isidentical,withonly

theirconnectivityvarying.DespitethespeedatwhichAItechnologyisadvancing,theirneuralnetworksdonot

learnasaccuratelyorquicklyasthehumanbrain.

Researcherssetouttostudywhethersimulating（模擬）thebrainbyvaryingneuralnetworkcellproperties

couldimprovelearninginALTheyfoundthatthevariability（可變量）inthecellsimprovedtheirlearningand

reducedenergyconsumption.Whentheychangedtheamountofvariabilityinthesimulatednetworks,theyfound

thattheonesthatperformedbestmatchedtheamountofvariabilityseeninthebrain,suggestingthatthebrainmay

haveevolvedtohavejusttherightamountofvariabilityforbestpossiblelearning.

Dr.DanGoodmansaid,''Evolutionhasgivenusincrediblebrainfunctions,mostofwhichweareonlyjust

beginningtounderstand.OurresearchsuggeststhatwecanlearnvitallessonsfromourownbiologytomakeAI

workbetterforus.”

Tocarryoutthestudy,theresearchersfocusedonadjustingthe“timeconstant”（時(shí)間常數(shù)）一thatis,how

quicklyeachcelldecideswhatitwantstodobasedonwhatthecellsconnectedtoitaredoing.Aftervaryingthe

cells5timeconstants,theygavethenetworkjobs:toclassifyimagesofclothingandhandwrittendigits,torecognize

humangestures,andtoidentifyspokendigitsandcommands.Theresultsshowthatbyallowingthenetworkto

combineslowandfastinformation,itwasbetterabletosolvetasksinmorecomplicated,real-worldsettings.

CurrentAIsystemsarefarfromachievingthelevelofenergyefficiencythattheresearchersfindin

biologicalsystems.Next,theywillbeinterestedinlookingathowtoreducetheenergyconsumptionofthese

networkstogetAInetworksclosertoperformingasefficientlyasthebrain.

32.Whatcanbelearnedaboutneuronsfromparagraph1?

A.Theneuronsallowustolearnabouttheworld.

B.Thehumanbrainismadeupofbillionsofneurons.

C.Thehumanbrainismadetolearnquicklybyneurons.

D.Theneuronsarelikesmallpiecesofsnowintheshape.

33.WhatcanbeinferredaboutlearninginAI?

A.Itisaseffectiveasbiologicalsystems.

B.Itismoreefficientthanthehumanbrain.

C.Itconsumeslessenergythanthehumanbrain.

D.Itperformsbestwiththerightamountofvariability.

34.Whydidresearchersadjustthe"timeconstant”?

A.Tosimplifythecomplicatedreal-worldtasks.

B.Torecordthenetworks9energyconsumption.

C.Tohelpthenetworkprocessslowandfastinformation.

D.Toenhancethenetworks5performanceincomplextasks.

35.Whatwilltheresearchersfocusoninthenearfuture?

A.ThevaluesofAInetworks.B.Thefunctionsofhumanbrains.

C.TheefficiencyofAInetworks.D.Theevolutionofhumanbrains.

【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.C

【文本解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員開始研究通過改變神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)細(xì)胞特性來模擬大腦

是否可以提高人工智能的學(xué)習(xí)能力。解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehumanbrainismadeupofbillionsofcellscalledneurons（神經(jīng)元）,whichare

connectedbyvast"'neuralnetworks^^thatallowustolearnabouttheworld.（人類的大腦由數(shù)十億個(gè)被稱為神經(jīng)

元的細(xì)胞組成，這些細(xì)胞通過龐大的“神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”連接起來，使我們能夠了解世界）”可知，人類的大腦由數(shù)十

億個(gè)神經(jīng)元組成。故選B。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whentheychangedtheamountofvariabilityinthesimulatednetworks,theyfound

thattheonesthatperformedbestmatchedtheamountofvariabilityseeninthebrain,suggestingthatthebrainmay

haveevolvedtohavejusttherightamountofvariabilityforbestpossiblelearning.（當(dāng)他們改變模擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)中可變性

的數(shù)量時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)最好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)與大腦中看到的可變性數(shù)量相匹配，這表明大腦可能已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到具有

最佳學(xué)習(xí)能力的適當(dāng)數(shù)量的可變性）''可知，在適當(dāng)?shù)目勺冃韵拢斯ぶ悄艿膶W(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)得最好。故選D。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Aftervaryingthecells5timeconstants,theygavethenetworkjobs:toclassify

imagesofclothingandhandwrittendigits,torecognizehumangestures,andtoidentifyspokendigitsand

commands.Theresultsshowthatbyallowingthenetworktocombineslowandfastinformation,itwasbetterable

tosolvetasksinmorecomplicated,real-worldsettings.（在改變細(xì)胞的時(shí)間常數(shù)后，他們給網(wǎng)絡(luò)分配了一些任

務(wù)：對(duì)衣服和手寫數(shù)字的圖像進(jìn)行分類，識(shí)別人類的手勢(shì)，識(shí)別語音數(shù)字和命令。結(jié)果表明，通過允許網(wǎng)

絡(luò)結(jié)合慢速和快速信息，它能夠更好地解決更復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中的任務(wù)）”可知，研究人員要調(diào)整“時(shí)間常數(shù)”

是為了提高神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在復(fù)雜任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)。故選D。

35.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后——段“Next,theywillbeinterestedinlookingathowtoreducetheenergyconsumption

ofthesenetworkstogetAInetworksclosertoperformingasefficientlyasthebrain.（接下來，他們將有興趣研究

如何減少這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量消耗，使人工智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)更接近于像大腦一樣高效地運(yùn)行）”可知，研究人員接下來將

關(guān)注如何降低這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量消耗，使AI網(wǎng)絡(luò)更接近大腦的高效運(yùn)行，即關(guān)注AI網(wǎng)絡(luò)的效率，故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12?5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whysensitivekidswillmaketheworldabetterplace?

Sensitivechildrenarethesespecial,observantpeople.Theynoticewhenyou'resad,andtheyaskwhy.

They'reoftenoldsoulswithbigheartswhowanttomakeotherpeoplehappy.36Why?

Becausethey'resupportive.37Theybelieveinpeopleandwanttoseethemdowell.Theywantto

makethepeopletheylovehappy.Sensitivepeopleareoftengreatlisteners—theywanttoknowpeopleand

understandwhatthey'rethinkingandfeeling.Theywanttobethereforyouwhenyouneedthem.

38Sensitivekidstypicallyhaveunbelievableimaginations.They'redreamers.Theircreativityshines

throughinalltheydo,andideasjustcometothem.Theyshowagreatappreciationfortheartsandthey'reinspired

bythebeautytheyfindintheworld.Theynoticethattinylittlewormscrawlingonthesidewalkandthepuffy（松

軟潔白的）cloudsinthesky.

Becausetheyareunique.39They'reinsightfulandreflective-theyliketotakethelimetobealoneand

spendlimewiththei