閱讀綜合測試02（閱讀理解十七選五）

（一）

目__^^

（考試時間：40分鐘試卷滿分：50分）

精選試題理由

閱讀A選題理由：人與社會-探索絲綢之路2025?河南省三門峽市高三期末

閱讀B選題理由：人與自我--改變對完美主義態(tài)度的成長2025?山東荷澤市高三期末統(tǒng)考

故事

閱讀c選題理由：人與社會一人的創(chuàng)造力的研究2025?江蘇省蘇州市高三學業(yè)質(zhì)量

陽光指標調(diào)研

閱讀D選題理由：人與社會一科普科研2025?山西省晉城市高三期末

閱讀七選五選題理由：人與自我一在面對挑戰(zhàn)時可以提供幫助2025?貴州省畢節(jié)市高三一模

的一些方法

閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（每題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列文章，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

（2025?河南省三門峽市高三期末）

ExploringtheSilkRoads:4stunningsitesin4countriesfromSyriatoChina

Therearecountlessextraordinaryplacestoexploreandthese4choicesrepresentonlyahandfulofhighlights.Old

CityofDamascus,Syria

Damascusisoneoftheoldestcontinuouslyinhabitedcitiesintheworld,whosecraftindustrywasfamedfor

itsdecoratedswords.WhileDamasksilkoriginatedinChina,ittakesitsnamefromthetradingcityofDamascus.

OneofthemostarrestingsightsistheGreatMosqueofDamascus.AfterthestartoftheSyriancivilwar,the

ancientcityofDamascuswasaddedtoUNESCO'slistofworldheritageindangerin2013.

Merv,Turkmenistan

Merv,anancientcityandUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,hasbeenhometohumansettlementssincethe

bronzeage.ItwasalsoonceoneofthemostimportantcitiesintheIslamicworld,attractingtraders,scholarsand

travelersfromdistantregions.Todayitisconsideredoneoftheoldestandbest-preservedoasis-cities（綠洲城市）

oncentralAsia'sSilkRoads.

Taxila,Pakistan

EasilyreachablebycarfromIslamabad,TaxilaisaUNESCOworldheritagesite.SituatedataSilkRoads

crossroads,the“CityofCutStone"wasoneoftheancientcapitalsofGandhara,aterritorystretchingbetweenthe

OxusandIndusrivers.AmongthevastsitetodayisaMesolithiccaveandthecity'smuseum,whichishometoat

least2,000pricelessobjects.

Dunhuang,China

Dunhuangisanoasiscityinnorth-westChinathatishometothemagnificentMogaogrottoes,aUNESCO

WorldHeritagesite.ThewallpaintingstellanillustratedstoryoftheSilkRoadsfromthefourthtothe14th

centuries.Almost500caveshavebeenpreserved,housingcountlessmuralsandmorethan2,000paintedsculptures.

Cave302fromtheSuidynastyperiodcontainsaparticularlyclassicSilkRoadsscene:atwo-humpedcamelpulling

awagonwithamerchantinside.

1.WheredidDamasksilkgetitsnamefrom?

A.China.

B.ThetradingcityofDamascus.

C.TheGreatMosqueofDamascus.

D.TheSyriancraftindustry.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutTaxilafromthetext?

A.ItwastheonlyancientcapitalofGandhara.

B.ItisremotefromIslamabad.

C.Ithasarichhistoryandculturalheritage.

D.Itsmuseumhaslessthan2,000objects.

3.Whatdothesefoursiteshaveincommon?

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A.Theywereallknownassilktradingcenters.

B.Theyareallcapitalsoftheirrespectivecountries.

C.Theyareallfamousfortheirmodernarchitecture.

D.TheyallhaveUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.

B

（2025?山東荷澤市高三期末統(tǒng)考）

WhenIwasgrowingup,mymomoftensaidthatnomatterwhatgradesIgotinschool,aslongasIdidmy

best,she'dbeproudofme.Thensheadded,“Butifyoudidn'tgetanA,I'llknowyoudidn'tdoyourbest."She

saiditwithasmile,butItookitseriously:Ishouldn,tsettleforanythinglessthanperfect.Mygreatestweaknessis

thatI'mtoomuchofaperfectionist.

Perfectionismisthedesiretobe100%perfect.Thegoaliszerofaultsandnofailures.Inanincreasingly

competitiveworld,kidsfacegrowingpressurefromparentstobeperfectandseverecriticismwhentheyfallshort.

Everyfaultisablowtotheirself-esteem（自尊）.I'veliveditmyself.

WhenIwonthefifth-gradequizbowlonworldexplorers,Ibeatmyselfupafterwardformissingonequestion.

HowcouldIforgetthatthesearoutetoIndiawasdiscoveredbydaGama,butnotMagellan?WhenImadethe

finalsofaMortalKombattournamentandwonalifetimepasstoalocalmovietheater,Ididn'tcelebrate.Third

placeisthesecondloser.WhenIwonthefirstprizeinamathtest,Iwasdisappointed.Onlya98?Notgoodenough.

Therewasalwaysavoiceinthebackofmymindwhisperingthatitwasn'tenoughandthatIcouldhavedone

better.

ItwasduringmycollegeyearsthatIstartedtoquestionthevalueofthisperfectionism.Imetpeoplewhodidn'

tseemtobeweigheddownbythesameexpectations,whoacceptedtheirmistakesandsawthemasopportunities

forgrowthratherthanfailures.Theytaughtmethatitwasokaytobeimperfect,thatitwashumantomake

mistakes,andthatsometimes,themostimportantlessonscomefromourfailures.

4.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?

A.Whytheauthorbecameaperfectionist.B.Thedisadvantageofbeingaperfectionist.

C.Howtheauthorgotthegoodgradesinschool.D.Thefeelingofbeinggratefultotheauthor9smother.

5.Whatmadetheauthorunsatisfiedwithwhathadbeenachieved?

A.Blamefromparents.B.Desiretogetfirstprize.

C.Eagernesstobeperfect.D.Pressureofcompetitions.

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6.Whatmadetheauthorchangetheattitudetowardsperfectionism?

A.Losingexpectationtosucceed.B.Realizingtheharmofbeingperfect.

C.Learninglessonsfromotherpeople'sfailure.D.Encounteringthoseacceptingimperfection.

7.Whichcolumnofamagazinemaythetextbetakenfrom?

A.ParentingStyles.B.Coming-of-AgeStories.

C.PeopleofAchievement.D.ChallengesFacingYouth.

C

（2025?江蘇省蘇州市高三學業(yè)質(zhì)量陽光指標調(diào)研）

Haveyoueverwonderedwhycreativeindividualsseemtospotthingsthatothermiss?whetherit'san

inventorwhofindsaninnovativesolutiontoafamiliarproblemoranartistwhoreinterpretsalandscapeinafresh

way,manycreativepeoplehaveaspecialabilitytofindsignificanceeveninordinarythings.

ThinkaboutIsaacNewton'sfamousinsightintogravity.Accordingtothestory,Newtonsawanapplefall

fromatree—somethingmostpeoplemightviewasunimportant.Yet,inthisinstance,hesawtheapple'sfallas

significant,causinghimtothinkaboutitmoredeeply.Entertainingthepotentialimportanceofthisseemingly

irrelevantoccurrenceledtoabreakthroughconnection:thatthesameforcecausingtheappletofallalsoinfluences

celestialbodiesliketheMoon.

Inthisexample,thecreativeindividuaPsbrainflagsunusualor4irrelevant9informationassignificant,

stimulatingthemtoexploreitfurther.Thisexplorationallowsthemtoconsiderremoteideasandassociationsthat

othersoverlook,increasingthepossibilityofacreativeinsight.Asimilarprocesslikelyunfoldsinartisticcontexts,

suchaswhenapainter,musicianorfilmmakerseesaseeminglyirrelevantdetailasmeaningful.Forinstance,an

artistmayfindthemselvescaptivatedbytheshadowcastbyanobject,findingitmoreinterestingthantheobject

itself.Thismightinspireaseriesofworksexploringthehiddenbeautyofshadows.

Theuniquenessofcreativeindividualsliesintheirabilitytoperceiveandprioritiseinformationindistinctive

ways,welcomingtheunconventionalandunexpected,whichhelpsthemthinkoutsidetheboxandcomeupwith

originalideas.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionNewton'sstoryinthesecondparagraph?

A.Toentertainthereaders.B.Tosuspenddisbelief.

C.Tosupportaviewpoint.D.Toexplainatheory.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivated“inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?

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A.Tricked.B.Misled.C.Attracted.D.Withdrawn.

10.Whatiskeytoboostingcreativityaccordingtothepassage?

A.Removingirrelevantinformation.B.Perceivingwhatotherpeopleignore.

C.Givingprioritytounimportantdetails.D.Spottingthemostobviousinformation.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Whatisunconventionalandunexpectedguaranteesoriginalideas

B.Ordinarypeopletendtooverlookrelevantandimportantinformation.

C.Whatseemsirrelevantsometimesislikelytobringaboutcreativeinsight

D.Creativeindividualsarebornwiththeabilitytospotsignificanceinthings.

D

（2025?山西省晉城市高三期末）

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatchickensaretalkingabout?Chickensarequitethecommunicators-their

clucks,squawksandpurrsarenotjustrandomsoundsbutacomplexlanguagesystem.Thesesoundsaretheirway

ofinteractingwiththeworldandexpressingjoy,fear,andsocialconnectiontooneanother.

Likehumans,the"language“ofchickensvarieswithage,environment,andsurprisingly,domestication（馴

化），givingusinsightsintotheirsocialstructuresandbehaviours.Understandingthesesoundscantransformour

approachtopoultry（家禽）farming,enhancingchickenwelfareandqualityoflife.

OurresearchatDalhousieUniversityappliesartificialintelligence（AI）todecodethelanguageofchickens.

Ifsaprojectthatissettorevolutionizeourunderstandingofthesefeatheredcreaturesandtheircommunication

methods,offeringawindowintotheirworldthatwaspreviouslyclosedtous.TheuseofAIandmachinelearning

islikehavingauniversaltranslatorforchickenspeech.AIcananalyzevastamountsofaudiodata.Ouralgorithms

（算法）arelearningtorecognizepatternsandtinydifferencesinchickensounds.Thisisn'tasimpletask一

chickenshavearangeofsoundsthatvaryinpitch,tone,andcontext.Butbyusingadvanceddataanalysis

techniques,we'rebeginningtocracktheircode.Thisbreakthroughinanimalcommunicationisnotjustascientific

achievement;it'sasteptowardsmorehumaneandempathetictreatmentoffarmanimals.

Oneofthemostexcitingaspectsofthisresearchisunderstandingtheemotionalcontentbehindthesesounds.

Aretheystressed?Aretheycontent?Byunderstandingtheiremotionalstate,wecanmakemoreinformeddecisions

abouttheircareandenvironment.

Thisprojectisn'tjustaboutacademiccuriosity;ithasreal-worldimplications.We'renotonlyunlockingthe

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secretsofavian（鳥類的）communicationbutalsosettingnewstandardsforanimalwelfare.

12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutchickens?

A.Theylackemotions.B.Theybehaverandomly.

C.Theyarecommunicative.D.Theytalkoddly.

13.Whatbenefitwillchickensgetfromtheproject?

A.Bettercare.B.Fastergrowthrates.

C.Betterfoodquality.D.Enhancedsocialskills.

14.Whatisahighlightoftheresearch?

A.Revealingchickens9behaviours.B.Understandingchickens?emotions.

C.Analyzingchickens5livingenvironment.D.Discoveringadvancedfeedingmethods.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.EnhancinganimalwelfarebyALB.Thesecretofchickens9life.

C.Unlockingchickens9languagebyALD.Thefutureofpoultryfarming.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）（2025?貴州省畢節(jié)市高三一模）

Lifethrowschallengingsituationsonourwayfromtimetotime.Perseveringthroughchallengescanbe

difficultandwilltestourstrengthandresilience（復(fù)原力）.Thankfully,therearewaystohelpusmakeiteasier!

Trytoremaincalm.

16Itwillmakeuslosecontrolofouremotions,leadingtopoordecision-making.Whenchallengesarise,

itishelpfultotakeastepback,observethesituationwithoutlettingemotionscontrolus,andthenact.Onceweare

calm,wecanbetteranalyzethesituationandcarryoutaplanofaction.

Acceptwhatishappening.

Whenlifegetschallenging,itisoftenbeyondourcontrol.Inthiscase,whatweshoulddoistoacceptthe

situationanddowhateverisinourcontroltogrowfromit.17Thafstosay,weneedlearnfromthe

situationandforgiveourselves.Onceweareabletoacceptthesituationandletgo,wewillbeabletomoveforward

andthinkclearlyaboutthenextsteps.18

Whenwearefacedwithstressfulsituations,itiscommontothinktheworstscenario（設(shè)想）willhappen.Itcanbe

difficultforustotakeastepbackandrecognizethatthingswillnotbethiswayforever.Instead,keepinga

balancedattitudecanhelpustochangeourmindset.19

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Seeksupport.

Seekingsupport,whetheritisfromafriend,familymember,oraprofessional,isneverasignofweakness.

20Itcanprovideemotionalsupportandanewperspectiveonthesituation.Mostimportantly,itcanhelpus

brainstormpossiblesolutions,sothatwecanfacethechallengebetter.

A.Adoptabalancedattitude.

B.Focusonthepositiveaspects.

C.Itisimportanttoacknowledgemistakes.

D.Acceptancealsoincludesacceptingourselves.

E.Turningtosomeoneforhelphasmanybenefits.

F.Whenchallengingeventshappen,wemayfeelpanic.

G.Itcanalsohelpusaddressnegativethoughtsandchallenges.

（二）

目錄

（考試時間：40分鐘試卷滿分：50分）

精選試題理由

閱讀A選題理由：人與社會一四位著名女科學家2025?山東荷澤市高三期末統(tǒng)考

閱讀B選題理由：人與社會--38歲的麥金太爾和丈夫建立2025,山東省青島市嶗山區(qū)青島第

了名為RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)的組織，來幫助那些無力支付二中學高三期末

醫(yī)療債務(wù)的人

閱讀C選題理由：人與自我一學生閱讀量較少這一現(xiàn)象及2025?江西省贛州市高三期末

其對學生的影響

閱讀D選題理由：人與社會一科學研究報告2025?遼寧省大連市高三雙基

閱讀七選五選題理由：人與自我一如何通過培養(yǎng)興趣愛好讓生2025?安徽黃山市期末質(zhì)量檢測

活更幸福、更健康

7/14

閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（每題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列文章，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

（2025?山東荷澤市高三期末統(tǒng)考）

FourFamousFemaleScientists

KatherineJohnson

KatherineJohnsongraduatedfromcollege-withhonors-atthesameagemostpeoplegraduatedfrom

highschool.ShelaterappliedtoaprogramattheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronauticsandearnedaspot

asoneoftheagency5shumancomputers.OneofKatherine'smostimportantjobswascalculatingthepathofthe

firstAmericanmannedspaceflightin1961andtheApollomoonlandingin1969.WhileNASAbeganusing

computersforthetaskin1962,astronautJohnGlennrefusedtogointoflightuntilKatherinecheckedthecomputer9

scalculationsbyhand.

CeciliaPayne-Gaposchkin

WhenCeciliaPayne-GaposchkinbecamethefirstwomantoreceiveaPhDfromHarvard'sRadeliffeCollege,

nooneknewhowmuchherdoctoralpaperwouldchangetheworldofscience.Herconclusionthatstarsare

composedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium（氮）contradictedthemaintheoryofthetime,andsomeoftheday's

leadingscientistsopenlyquestionedherfindings.Itwouldtakemorethanadecadeforanotherscientisttoreachthe

sameconclusion.

LiseMeitner

LiseMeitnerisoneofonlytwowomentohaveanelementnamedinherhonor——theelementwiththe

atomicnumber109iscalledmeitnerium.ShewasthefirstphysicsprofessorinGermanyandthefirstscientistto

includetheterm""nuclearfission（裂變）“inapublishedpaper.Duringhercareer,shediscoveredwhatcausesthe

AugerEffect,explainedhownuclearfissionworks,anduncoveredtheelementprotactinium（鎂）.

GraceHopper

GraceHopperwasknownforherpioneeringworkinthedevelopmentofcomputerprogramminglanguages.

ShebeganhercareerincomputingandworkedontheHarvardMarkIcomputerprogram.Later,shecreatedthe

firstprogramthattranslatedcodeintomachinelanguage,andalsodevelopedtheCOBOL（Common

Business-OrientedLanguage）programminglanguage.

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1.WhatwasoneofKatherineJohnson'ssignificantcontributions?

A.SheearnedaPhDfromHarvard.B.Shedevelopedaprogramminglanguage.

C.Sheexplainedhownuclearfissionworks.D.Shecalculatedthepathformajorspacemissions.

2.Whoseconclusionaboutstarsfacedoppositionfromleadingscientists?

A.KatherineJohnson's.B.CeciliaPayne-Gaposchkin's.

C.LiseMeitner's.D.GraceHopper5s.

3.WhatdoLiseMeitnerandGraceHopperhaveincommon?

A.TheygraduatedfromHarvard.B.Theydiscoverednewelements.

C.Theyworkedonsomethingaboutcomputers.D.Theywerebothpioneersintheirownfield.

B

（2025?山東省青島市嶗山區(qū)青島第二中學高三期末）

Ms.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesome

medicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsuranceto

helppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancer

facetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.

Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleas

shepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedto

workingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timesless

moneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.

Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreon

hersocialmediaaccounts.t4Ifyou'rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,“thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,

t6Tocelebratemylife,I'vearrangedtobuyupothers5medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.^^

Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout

$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre'slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequickly

passedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestill

comingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre'swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopay

offabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.

Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre'slifeandtoannouncehow

9/14

manymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.

4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?

A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn'tbecomeworse.

C.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.D.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.

5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?

A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.

C.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.D.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.

6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thepublicinvolvement.B.Thecouple'scommitment.

C.Theoperationofawebsite.D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.

7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?

A.Humorousandelegant.B.Influentialandunderstanding.

C.Cautiousandpromising.D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.

C

（2025?江西省贛州市高三期末）

NicholasDameshastaughtLiteratureHumanitiesatColumbiaUniversitysince1998.Helovesthejob,butit

haschanged.Overthepastdecade,studentshavebecomebewilderedbythethoughtoffinishingmultiplebooksa

semester.ThisdevelopmentpuzzledDamesuntilafirst-yearstudentsharedhowchallengingshehadfoundthe

earlyassignments.Thestudentsaidthatatherpublichighschool,shewasonlyassignedpassages,butnotentire

books.t6Myjawdropped,Damestoldme.Thishelpedexplainthechange:Ifsnotthattheydon'twanttoread.Ifs

thattheydon'tknowhow.

Failingtocompletea14-linepoemwithoutgivingintodistraction（干擾）suggestsonefamiliarexplanation

forthedecreaseinreadingability:smartphones.Teenagersareconstantlydrawnbytheirdevices.Readingbooks,

evenforpleasure,can'tcompetewithTikTok.In1976,about40percentofhigh-schoolseniorssaidtheyhadread

atleastsixbooksforfuninthepreviousyear,comparedwith11.5percentwhohadn'treadany.By2022,those

percentageshadflipped.

Buthighschoolkidsappeartobeencounteringfewerandfewerbooksintheclassroomaswell.Sincethe

abilitytoreadanentirebookisdifficulttoassess,teachersfocusonskillsthatareeasiertomeasure.Theyhave

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shiftedfrombookstoshortpassages,followedbyquestionsabouttheauthor'smainidea,justasstandardized

reading-comprehensiontestsdo.

Facedwiththissituation,manycollegeprofessorsfeeltheyhavenochoicebuttoassignlessreadingand

lowertheirexpectations.Thismeansstudentswillmissoutonthementaldevelopmentthatcomesfromreading

entirebooks.Readingenlargesyoursympathies.Deepreading——sustainedfocusonatext——encouragesa

numberofvaluablementalhabits,includingcriticalthinkingandself-reflection,inwaysthatskimmingorreading

inshortpassagesdoesnot.

Icanimagineworsepreparationsforthetrials,andthrills,ofLiteratureHumanities.Butwe'venever

forgottentheoriginals.Tounderstandthehumancondition,andtoappreciatehumankind'sgreatestachievements,

youstillneedtoreadTheIliad-allofit.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bewildered“meaninparagraph1?

A.Delighted.B.Confused.

C.Amazed.D.Relieved.

9.Whydoestheauthorlistnumbersinparagraph2?

A.Tohighlighttheriseofsocialmedia.

B.Toclarifytheproblemsofsmartphones.

C.Toillustratethechangeinreadingmethods.

D.Todemonstratethedeclineinbookreading.

10.Whatisaresultofprofessorsassigninglessreading?

A.Theshortageoflearningmotivation.

B.Thereductionofgenuinesympathies.

C.Thelossofcognitivegrowthopportunities.

D.Therestrictionofpersonalacademicprogress.

11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsreadingoriginals?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.

C.Cautious.D.Indifferent.

D

（2025?遼寧省大連市高三雙基）

11/14

Ifyouproudlybelieveyou'rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhy

youmayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneed

tomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe'"illusionof

informationadequacy”.

“Wefoundthat,ingeneral,peopledon'tstoptothinkwhethertheremightbemoreinformationthatwould

helpthemmakeamoreinformeddecision,9,saidstudyco-authorAngusFletcher,aprofessorofEnglishatThe

OhioStateUniversity.tcIfyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemstolineup,mostwillsay"that

soundsaboutright'andgowiththat.”

Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,involved1,261Americanswhoparticipatedonline.They

weresplitintothreegroupswhoreadanarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedadequatewater.Onegroupread

anarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmergewithanotherthathadadequatewater;asecondgroup9

sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions;andthethirdgroupreadallthe

argumentsfortheschoolsmergingandforstayingseparate.

Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory-eitherjustthepro-mergingorjustthe

anti-mergingarguments-stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision."'Thosewithhalf

theinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthe

completestory,Fletchersaid.

Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofnaiverealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonal

viewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonnaiverealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehave

differentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.

“Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,'IstheresomethingthatI'mmissing

thatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?99,Fletchersaid,"That'sthewayto

fightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.^^

12.Whatwill"illusionofinformationadequacy“makeusdo?

A.Believewehaveenoughinformation.

B.Judgeifwehaveenoughinformatio