第使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件詳細(xì)圖文教程目錄前言場(chǎng)景說(shuō)明pyinstaller安裝打包參數(shù)打包問(wèn)題解決方法匯總總結(jié)

前言

在業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景中，經(jīng)常需要Python開(kāi)發(fā)一些小程序/腳本/GUI界面，交付給一些小白或未安裝Python的小伙伴們使用。

噔噔蹬蹬

pyinstaller閃亮登場(chǎng)

場(chǎng)景說(shuō)明

使用Pyinstaller將Python腳本或者項(xiàng)目打包，生成可執(zhí)行的.exe文件。Pyinstaller是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的免費(fèi)打包工具，支持Windows，Linux和MacOS，完美支持32位和64位系統(tǒng)。除了Pyinstaller，還可以使用py2exe進(jìn)行打包

pyinstaller安裝

pipinstallpyinstaller

打包參數(shù)

#常用打包參數(shù)

#-F-D互斥參數(shù)

-F打包成一個(gè)exe文件，小項(xiàng)目可以采用，打開(kāi)比較慢，多個(gè).py打包時(shí)不能使用

-D默認(rèn)參數(shù)，打包結(jié)果放入到創(chuàng)建的文件夾中，可以看到里面有很多的依賴(lài)文件

#-w-c互斥參數(shù)

-w使用項(xiàng)目的GUI界面，無(wú)cmd控制臺(tái)

-c默認(rèn)參數(shù)，使用cmd控制臺(tái)如果打包文件執(zhí)行報(bào)錯(cuò)，可嘗試用-c顯示控制臺(tái)

-n執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目的名稱(chēng)，默認(rèn).py的文件名

-i將ico圖標(biāo)打包到exe文件中

--hidden-import打包時(shí)導(dǎo)包信息

#打包PyQt項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)烈建議帶上以下參數(shù)

--hidden-importPyQt5.sip

#打包命令示例

#在項(xiàng)目的根目錄下執(zhí)行打包命令

pyinstaller-wxxx.py--hidden-importPyQt5.sip

#打包結(jié)果輸出在項(xiàng)目根目錄下的dist文件夾中

#不建議使用-F打包成一個(gè)exe文件所謂：打包一時(shí)爽，打開(kāi)5秒鐘

#非-F命令下，靜態(tài)資源、建好的Sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以直接放入dist中生成的文件夾中

Pyinstaller只是將Python解釋器和腳本打包成一個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件，不同于編譯成真正的機(jī)器碼。所以代碼的運(yùn)行效率是降低的，只是解決了小白用戶的操作難度。打包時(shí)會(huì)分析項(xiàng)目的依賴(lài)，并將相關(guān)的依賴(lài)打包進(jìn)來(lái)，并進(jìn)行加密處理不同的操作系統(tǒng)，需要在不同的操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行打包。

打包問(wèn)題解決方法匯總

debug

控制臺(tái)debug

在本地運(yùn)行成功，建議在第一次打包exe時(shí)使用-c命令，這樣可以在控制臺(tái)中顯示可能的報(bào)錯(cuò)信息。

如果打包時(shí)沒(méi)有用-c不會(huì)出現(xiàn)控制臺(tái)或者控制臺(tái)一閃而過(guò)，看不到報(bào)錯(cuò)信息，可以在cmd命令行窗口執(zhí)行exe文件fatalerrorfaildtoexecutescriptfile

Pyinstaller打包時(shí)有些庫(kù)沒(méi)有打包進(jìn)去，可以將報(bào)錯(cuò)信息中的庫(kù)通過(guò)--hidden-import報(bào)錯(cuò)的包的進(jìn)行打包

pyinstaller打包python3.6+PyQt5中各種錯(cuò)誤的解決方案

依賴(lài)報(bào)錯(cuò)打包結(jié)果文件過(guò)大

幫助中的參數(shù)

pyinstaller-h

usage:pyinstaller[-h][-v][-D][-F][--specpathDIR][-nNAME]

[--add-dataDESTorSRC:DEST]

[--add-binaryDESTorSRC:DEST][-pDIR]

[--hidden-importMODULENAME]

[--additional-hooks-dirHOOKSPATH]

[--runtime-hookRUNTIME_HOOKS][--exclude-moduleEXCLUDES]

[--keyKEY][-d{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}][-s]

[--noupx][--upx-excludeFILE][-c][-w]

[-iFILE.icoorFILE.exe,IDorFILE.icns]

[--version-fileFILE][-mFILEorXML][-rRESOURCE]

[--uac-admin][--uac-uiaccess][--win-private-assemblies]

[--win-no-prefer-redirects]

[--osx-bundle-identifierBUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]

[--runtime-tmpdirPATH][--bootloader-ignore-signals]

[--distpathDIR][--workpathWORKPATH][-y]

[--upx-dirUPX_DIR][-a][--clean][--log-levelLEVEL]

scriptname[scriptname...]

positionalarguments:

scriptnamenameofscriptfilestobeprocessedorexactlyone

.spec-file.Ifa.spec-fileisspecified,mostoptions

areunnecessaryandareignored.

optionalarguments:

-h,--helpshowthishelpmessageandexit

-v,--versionShowprogramversioninfoandexit.

--distpathDIRWheretoputthebundledapp(default:.\dist)

--workpathWORKPATHWheretoputallthetemporaryworkfiles,.log,.pyz

andetc.(default:.\build)

-y,--noconfirmReplaceoutputdirectory(default:

SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME)withoutaskingfor

confirmation

--upx-dirUPX_DIRPathtoUPXutility(default:searchtheexecution

path)

-a,--asciiDonotincludeunicodeencodingsupport(default:

includedifavailable)

--cleanCleanPyInstallercacheandremovetemporaryfiles

beforebuilding.

--log-levelLEVELAmountofdetailinbuild-timeconsolemessages.LEVEL

maybeoneofTRACE,DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,

CRITICAL(default:INFO).

Whattogenerate:

-D,--onedirCreateaone-folderbundlecontaininganexecutable

(default)

-F,--onefileCreateaone-filebundledexecutable.

--specpathDIRFoldertostorethegeneratedspecfile(default:

currentdirectory)

-nNAME,--nameNAMENametoassigntothebundledappandspecfile

(default:firstscript'sbasename)

Whattobundle,wheretosearch:

--add-dataDESTorSRC:DEST

Additionalnon-binaryfilesorfolderstobeaddedto

theexecutable.Thepathseparatorisplatform

specific,``os.pathsep``(whichis``;``onWindows

and``:``onmostunixsystems)isused.Thisoption

canbeusedmultipletimes.

--add-binaryDESTorSRC:DEST

Additionalbinaryfilestobeaddedtotheexecutable.

Seethe``--add-data``optionformoredetails.This

optioncanbeusedmultipletimes.

-pDIR,--pathsDIRApathtosearchforimports(likeusingPYTHONPATH).

Multiplepathsareallowed,separatedby';',oruse

thisoptionmultipletimes

--hidden-importMODULENAME,--hiddenimportMODULENAME

Nameanimportnotvisibleinthecodeofthe

script(s).Thisoptioncanbeusedmultipletimes.

--additional-hooks-dirHOOKSPATH

Anadditionalpathtosearchforhooks.Thisoption

canbeusedmultipletimes.

--runtime-hookRUNTIME_HOOKS

Pathtoacustomruntimehookfile.Aruntimehookis

codethatisbundledwiththeexecutableandis

executedbeforeanyothercodeormoduletosetup

specialfeaturesoftheruntimeenvironment.This

optioncanbeusedmultipletimes.

--exclude-moduleEXCLUDES

Optionalmoduleorpackage(thePythonname,notthe

pathname)thatwillbeignored(asthoughitwasnot

found).Thisoptioncanbeusedmultipletimes.

--keyKEYThekeyusedtoencryptPythonbytecode.

Howtogenerate:

-d{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive},--debug{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}

Provideassistancewithdebuggingafrozen

application.Thisargumentmaybeprovidedmultiple

timestoselectseveralofthefollowingoptions.

-all:Allthreeofthefollowingoptions.

-imports:specifythe-voptiontotheunderlying

Pythoninterpreter,causingittoprintamessage

eachtimeamoduleisinitialized,showingthe

place(filenameorbuilt-inmodule)fromwhichit

isloaded.See

/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.

-bootloader:tellthebootloadertoissueprogress

messageswhileinitializingandstartingthe

bundledapp.Usedtodiagnoseproblemswith

missingimports.

-noarchive:insteadofstoringallfrozenPython

sourcefilesasanarchiveinsidetheresulting

executable,storethemasfilesintheresulting

outputdirectory.

-s,--stripApplyasymbol-tablestriptotheexecutableand

sharedlibs(notrecommendedforWindows)

--noupxDonotuseUPXevenifitisavailable(works

differentlybetweenWindowsand*nix)

--upx-excludeFILEPreventabinaryfrombeingcompressedwhenusingupx.

Thisistypicallyusedifupxcorruptscertain

binariesduringcompression.FILEisthefilenameof

thebinarywithoutpath.Thisoptioncanbeused

multipletimes.

WindowsandMacOSXspecificoptions:

-c,--console,--nowindowed

Openaconsolewindowforstandardi/o(default).On

Windowsthisoptionwillhavenoeffectifthefirst

scriptisa'.pyw'file.

-w,--windowed,--noconsole

WindowsandMacOSX:donotprovideaconsolewindow

forstandardi/o.OnMacOSXthisalsotriggers

buildinganOSX.appbundle.OnWindowsthisoption

willbesetifthefirstscriptisa'.pyw'file.This

optionisignoredin*NIXsystems.

-iFILE.icoorFILE.exe,IDorFILE.icns,--iconFILE.icoorFILE.exe,IDorFILE.icns

FILE.ico:applythaticontoaWindowsexecutable.

FILE.exe,ID,extracttheiconwithIDfromanexe.

FILE.icns:applytheicontothe.appbundleonMacOS

Windowsspecificoptions:

--version-fileFILEaddaversionresourcefromFILEtotheexe

-mFILEorXML,--manifestFILEorXML

addmanifestFILEorXMLtotheexe

-rRESOURCE,--resourceRESOURCE

AddorupdatearesourcetoaWindowsexecutable.The

RESOURCEisonetofouritems,

FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]].FILEcanbeadatafile

oranexe/dll.Fordatafiles,atleastTYPEandNAME

mustbespecified.LANGUAGEdefaultsto0ormaybe

specifiedaswildcard*toupdateallresourcesofthe

givenTYPEandNAME.Forexe/dllfiles,allresources

fromFILEwillbeadded/updatedtothefinal

executableifTYPE,NAMEandLANGUAGEareomittedor

specifiedaswildcard*.Thisoptioncanbeused

multipletimes.

--uac-adminUsingthisoptioncreatesaManifestwhichwill

requestelevationuponapplicationrestart.

--uac-uiaccessUsingthisoptionallowsanelevatedapplicationto

workwithRemoteDesktop.

WindowsSide-by-sideAssemblysearchingoptions(advanced):

--win-private-assemblies

AnySharedAssembliesbundledintotheapplication

willbechangedintoPrivateAssemblies.Thismeans

theexactversionsoftheseassemblieswillalwaysbe

used,andanynewerversionsinstalledonuser

machinesatthesystemlevelwillbeignored.

--win-no-prefer-redirects

WhilesearchingforSharedorPrivateAssembliesto

bundleintotheapplication,PyInstallerwillprefer

nottofollowpoliciesthatredirecttonewer

versions,andwilltrytobundletheexactversionsof

theassembly.

MacOSXspecific