專(zhuān)題八主旨要義

—五年高考一

A組新高考卷題組

Passage（2021新高考I.D）詞數(shù)303

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemolional（情感

的）inlelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemolionalintelligenceasalmosteverything

desirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,

motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills/'Rescarchhasshownthat

emotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyond

skill-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedfor

eithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybe

usedbyadoctor（ofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrol

potentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcan

reasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.

Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）on

emotionbycmploycrs,cducatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.The

popularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboth（hepublicandresearchersre-evaluate（he

functionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuir.gpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethat

suchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itis

ourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspeclives（視角）from

whichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothhead

andheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.DoubtfuLD.Unclear.

4.Whatdocsthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

0.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

答案

l.D2.B3.A4.B

B組課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷、?。▍^(qū)、市）卷題組

Passage1（2021全國(guó)乙,C）詞數(shù)309

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenter

oceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BciijamiiiVonWongwaulsyouloknowthatitdues.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoulofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypsejapairof

10-fooc-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfrom

severalvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggest

source（來(lái)源）ofplasticpollalion,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon't

needthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.

Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedfor

onlyafewminutcs.Onccthedrinkisgonc.thcstrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說(shuō)明）aspecificstatistic:Every60

scconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic/*

VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwere

thentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

I.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

0.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyof（heirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodemart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic^^haveonviewers?

A.Cahning.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeihebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafely

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

答案

l.C2.A3.B4.D

Passage2（2021全國(guó)甲,D）運(yùn)數(shù)314

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Eins（einwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfor

genius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthat

somepeoplearcsomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarcthey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropean

origin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthose

victorsset（hestandardsfbradmissiontoihegeniusclub.Whenconiribulionsweremadeby

geniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikely

thanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgenderf性另!））are"really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,the

studyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefor

childrenwhoarc“really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecome

discouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reail

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素：likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.''

I.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.TheyYeconservative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.lheythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Thcyarclikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

3.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GcniusTakesManyForms

C.Gcniusandintelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

答案

I.A2.D3.A4.B

Passage3（2021浙江,C）詞數(shù)334

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan“tell"v/hetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,

youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangry

humanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（圖像）ofthesame

personmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshown

onlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'

abilitytodislinguislibclwccnliuinanfacialexpressionsbyshowingihcmtheotherlialfofllic

person'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthat

thedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnoses

moreoften（hanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthuman

facesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage.t4Wecannileoutthatthedogssimply

distinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,“saidstudy

authorCorsinMuller.^Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmiling

mouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangiymouthhaving

thesamemeaningasangryeyes.”

“Withourstudy,wcthinkwccannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscan

distinguishhumanfacialexpressions,''MiillertoldLiveScience.

Atthispoint,i(isnotclearwhydogsseem(obeequippedwith(heabilitytorecognize

differentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthe

basisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacial

expressions,''andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguish

betweenthem,Miillcrsaid.

1.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan.

A.distinguishshapes

B.makesenseofhumanfaces

C.feelhappyorangry

D.communicatewitheachether

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?

A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.

B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.

D.Thedogswerephotographedbefore(hetest.

3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.

B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.

C.Aniiijorliniilalionofthestudy.

D.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

生卓

口

l.B2.C3.B

Passage4（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)I.D）詞數(shù)351

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

Theengineersa（theMassachuseusInsriiuieofTcchnology（MIT）havetakeni（astep

further—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,even

unusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhen

they'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetecthannfiilchemicalsingroundwater.<4We're

thinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery

day,“explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesinto

sclf-powcrcdstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology（hatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff^switch^wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）一suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringiransmission（傳輸）.Glowingplants

couldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

0.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.Whatis（hefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsin（hefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwcgrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

答案

l.D2.A3.C4.C

Passage5（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,B）詞數(shù)261

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearchers

saidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenatthe

UniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelop

betterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)矢口）aft?r

controllingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivities

athomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetter

spatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,on(asksthat

assessedtheirabilitytoro【ate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,“Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalf

ofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohave

childrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshad

bcucrspatialskills.However,boystendedioplaywithmorecomplexpuzzles(hangirls,andihc

parentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanthe

parentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

I.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

□.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Thcyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplayw:thtougherpuzzles.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.

答案

l.B2.C3.D4.B

Passage6（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)IH,D）詞數(shù)314

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.

Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarcfindingexamplesofhumanevolutionin

just（hepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingalhigh

altitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedaniulation（突

變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

adaptation-nottoairortofood,butlo（heocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheast

Asiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepecpleareknown,numberinthe

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia.MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylived

onhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonslills（支柱）incoastalwaters/'Theyare

simplyastrangertotheland,“saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBjyau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.They

madealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshcllfish/Wcweresoamazedthattheycould

stayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,,5Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactually

walkingunderthesea.”

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,

heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionof

physicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierfbrthcm.uItseemedliketheperfectchancefor

naturalselectiontoactonapopulation,nsaidDr.llardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumber

ofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttolellusby（heexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.

B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.

0.Significanceoffoodselection.

2.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.

C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

3.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.

B.Thcyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.

D.Theylivedonbothlandandwaler.

4,Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea

B.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch

D.TheWorld'sBestDivers

答案

l.B2.D3.C4.A

Passage7（2020浙江C）詞數(shù)329

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerial

skillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournal

Neurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retired

workerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthrougha

batteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelab

every18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedto

dothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（認(rèn)知）functionatamuchslowerrate

thanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientists

accountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,“saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy,<kAftera

longrun,youmayfeellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralong

dayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.M

It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhslpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpoints

out.Awaiter'sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcould

bejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequires

high-levelplanningandcoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))「shesays."Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthe

childrenandlakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingother

environmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyand

keepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

1.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?

A.Toassess(heirhealthstatus.

B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.

C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.

D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.

2.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?

A.Byusinganexpert'swords.

B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.

D.Byintroducingaconcept.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor(hetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

答案

l.D2.B3.C

Passage8（2020天津,C改編）詞數(shù)414

Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymaking

noise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyof

today'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinother

fieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftries

toescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthe

suspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLong

RangeAcousticDevice（LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器）.Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainful

（hatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightand

（ravelsonlyintotheearsof（hatperson,buti（isnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyou

areattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercial

song.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilence

Machine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.

OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesof

theincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescancel

eachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon,pointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomes

back.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesame

wayspotlights（聚光燈）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;

similarly,a"spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulfbr

businessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.

Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowing

customersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalso

beginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

I.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?

A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.

B.Itslowsdownarunningman.

C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.

D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.

2.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto.

A.silcnccthepeoplearoundyou

B.removethesoundofcoinmercials

C.block（heincomingsoundwaves

D.slopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou

3.Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?

A.Theytravelincircles.

B.Theycleartheatmosphere.

C.Thcycanbetransformedintoenergy.

D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.

4.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?

A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.

B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.

C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.

D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.

答案

l.A2.D3.D4.B

Passage9（2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,D）詞數(shù)370

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,

whichallowedmelukeepi:iyhighsocialstatus.Iwasliicqueenoftheplayground.Thencame

mytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendly

butbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfound

myself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MilchPrinstein,aprofessorof

clinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.The

likables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-start

interpersonalskillsand.whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere's

thekindofpopularitythatappearsinac!olescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorable

behavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed.Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasant

consequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedin

elementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerousandriskybehavior?,

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoring

theleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（調(diào)查研究）.“We

foundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheir

classmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycan

leadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplay

date—sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelate

andconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch.Dr.Prinsteincame:oanotherconclusion:Notonlyis

likabilityrelated（opositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.

“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfbrlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelp

somebodygainanadvantage,''hesaid.

1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.CooL

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadclescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Thcytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter

C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt

D.MoreSelf-Control.LessAggressiveness

答案

l.C2.A3.B4.A

Passage10(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,C)詞數(shù)348

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadingher

e-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?NoneofyourbusinessJLunchisBechtel's

“me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsarceatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53

pcrccnt)havcbreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46pcrccnt)havclunchbythemselves.Onlyat

dinnertimearcwceatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthe