Unit9GrammarPresentPerfectContinuousTense

ThePresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時:基本用法現(xiàn)在完成時表結果,他的動作發(fā)生在過去,但是對現(xiàn)在有影響,而這種影響卻往往是說話人的興趣所在?，F(xiàn)在完成時跨越兩個時間,一個是過去,另一個是現(xiàn)在。e.g.我從1975年起就學英語。

IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975.

自12世紀以來,中國就使用彩色印刷了。

TheyhavedonecolorprintinginChinasincethe12thcentury.

PresentPerfectContinuousTense

現(xiàn)在完成進行時:基本用法

1)強調(diào)時間的持續(xù)性。如：電話響了差不多一分鐘,為什么沒人接?Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?

2)表重復。敘述從過去某時到現(xiàn)在或最近已在重復的動作。如：

最近天氣變化無常,我時常感冒。

Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;I’vebeenhavingalotofcolds.3)有感情色彩。如：今天真是一個多事之日。

Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:A.未完結性

I’vecleanedthewindows.

我把窗戶擦干凈了。

I’vebeencleaningthewindows.

我擦窗戶來著。(可能窗戶尚未擦完)B.短暫性現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可以表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但完成進行是常表示短暫性。

A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.

句A具有長期性,而句B具有短暫性。C.剛完結性與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時可以表示剛剛完結的動作。有時它是現(xiàn)在事件的直接原因,或者是得出結論的證據(jù)。如:

我的手很臟,我在油汽車來著。

Myhandsaredirty.I’vebeenpaintingthecar.

你的眼睛又紅又腫,你是不是哭來著？

Youreyesareredandpuffy.Haveyoubeencrying?D.連續(xù)性或重復性現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復性動作。如：

JimhavebeenphoningJennyeverynightfortheseveralmonth.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.結論:現(xiàn)在完成進行時主要用于表示

A.過去開始而且現(xiàn)在仍在進行的動作。

B.過去開始,現(xiàn)在剛剛停止的動作。

C.現(xiàn)在看到其直接結果的動作。現(xiàn)在完成時主要用于表示已經(jīng)完成的動作及其與現(xiàn)在的關系。

Inpairs,taketurnstoreadthestatementandturnitintoaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thewordsinbracketsmayhelpyou.(P41)e.g.S1:MrsSmithlearnedtodrive

threeyearsago.(howlong)S2:Howlonghaveyoubeendriving,MrsSmith?1.Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneonasix-monthcourse.(howlong)

Howlong

have

you

beenlearning

toflyanairplane,Sam?2.Heswamtillhefeltverytired.Hehasjuststeppedoutoftheswimmingpool.(howlong)

Howlong

have

you

beenswimming?3.SallyandZhouXinhavebeenbusyallday.(what)

What

have

you

beendoing,Sallyand

ZhouXin?4.Theyhavearguedwitheachotherforyearsaboutthebestwaytogrowpotatoes.(what)

What

have

you

beenarguing

aboutforyears?5.JiaoYangusesaparticularkindofwashingpowderandhisclotheshavealwaysbeencleanandsoft.(what)

JiaoYang,whatkindofwashingpowder

have

you

beenusing

thatmakesyourclothessocleanandsoft?Practice1.——Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

——I'mtired.I___inthelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpainted

C.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted2.—Thereissomuchsnowthesedays,isn'tthere?—Yes,it____forafewdays.A.wassnowingB.hasbeensnowingC.hadbeensnowingD.snowed3.Althoughthesescientists____ontheprojectfornearlyfouryears,Idon'tknowhowlongitwilllast.A.havebeenworkingB.hadworkedC.wereworkingD.areworking4.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider5.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe___inthemudallmorning.A.hasplayedB.isplayingC.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying6.I___myworkbythetimetheteacher____back.A.wasfinished..,cameB.shallhavefinished..,comesC.hadfinished..,comesD.havefinished..,willcome7.I___toseethefilmlastweekbecauseI___ittwice.A.didn'tgo...hadseenB.don'tgo...haveseenC.hadn'tgo...hadseenD.didn'tgo...haveseen9.I'llphoneyouifshe___thisevening.Infactshedidn'ttellmeifshe___.A.wouldcome..,willcomeB.willcome..,cameC.comes..,wouldcomeD.come..,came8.Whodoyouguess___whereI___justnow?A.lie..,layB.islying..,layC.lies..,lainD.lied..,laid10.I____intothebuswhenI___agirlcallmyname.A.hadhardlygot...,hearB.hadhardlygot...,heardC.wasnosoonersetting...,heardD.didhardlyget...,hadheard1.A:IamsorryI_________(keep)youwaitingsolong.B:Itisallright.I________________(read)thenewspapers.2.TheCCTV____________________(broadcast)Englishprogrammerseversince1977.用現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成時進行填空:havekepthavebeenreadinghasbeenbroadcasting3.You_______(feel)betterwhenyou__________(take)themedicine.4.PleasewakemeupifI___still_______(sleep)whenyou_____(come).5.Mysister________________(learn)Englishsinceshe____(be)achild.She______(speak)Englishfluentlynow.willfeelhavetakenamsleepingcomehasbeenlearningwasspeaks6.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He_______(arrive)hereafewdaysago.I_________(start)forSy