閱讀理解專練（三）

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A

Pinocchiomaybejustachildren'sfairytale,butSpanishscientists

attheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedtheso-called"Pinocchio

effect"andfoundthatournosesdon'tgrowwhenwetellalie,but

actuallyshrinkabit.

Dr.EmilioGomezMilanandhisteamdevelopedaliedetectortest

thatusedthermographytotellifpeoplev/erelying,andfoundthat

wheneverparticipantsintheirresearchwerebeinguntruthful,the

temperatureofthetipsoftheirnosesdroppedupto1.2cwhilethe

temperatureoftheirforeheadincreasedupto1.5℃.Scientistsalsofound

thatdropintemperatureatnoselevelactuallycausedittoslightlyshrink,

althoughthedifferenceisundetectedbythehumaneye.

“Onehastothinkinordertolie,whichrisesthetemperatureofthe

forehead,"Dr.GomezMilanexplainedthefindings.Z/Atthesametimewe

feelanxious,whichlowersthetemperatureofthenose.”

Forthisstudy,researchersaskedanumberof60studentsto

performvarioustaskswhilebeingscannedbythermalimagingtechnology.

Oneofthesetasksinvolvedcallinga3to4minutescalltotheirparents,

partnerorafriendandtellingasignificantlie.Participantshadtodevise

theliebythemselvesduringthecall,andthethermalcameraspickedup

this“reversePinocchioeffect"causedbythefluctuation（起伏）in

temperatureinthenoseandforehead.

Interestingly,thethermalliedetectorpickedupthetemperature

differencein80percentoftestsubjects,whichisabetterrateofsuccess

thanthatofanymodernliedetector.

“Withthismethodwehaveachievedtoincreaseaccuracyandreduce

theoccurrenceof'falsepositives',somethingthatisfrequentlywith

othermethodssuchasthepolygraph（測謊儀），“saidDr.EmilioGomez

Milan,whoaddedthatlawenforcementinterviewerscouldoneday

combineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththermalimagingtoachieve

betterresults.

Thethermalliedetectorhasbeenthemostreliableintheworld,

10%morethanthepopularpolygraph.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)撒謊雖

然不會像匹諾曹故事中那樣讓鼻子變長，但是會出現(xiàn)一些細微的面部

表情變化，而這項發(fā)現(xiàn)可以應(yīng)用到司法執(zhí)法的過程中。

1.Whydoestheauthormention“Pinocchio"atthebeginning?

A.Totellafairystory.

B.Towarnusnottolie.

C.Tointroducearesearch.

D.Toinspireustodoubtoldbeliefs.

選C。推理判斷題。匹諾曹故事的作用，而非故事寓意，故從結(jié)構(gòu)作用

上分析可知用匹諾曹是為了引出主題研究。故選C。

2.Accordingtotheresearch,whatmighthappenifyoutellalie?

A.Yournosegetslonger.

B.Yournosebecomessmaller.

C.Yourtemperaturegetshigher.

D.Yourtemperatureremainsstable.

選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，人撒謊過后鼻尖降溫、額頭

升溫，而這種溫度的變化會導致皺鼻子(slightlyshrink)的動作，也就是

鼻子會稍微縮小，故選B。

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearch?

A.Researchersconductthestudybyinterviewing.

B.Researchersdesigndifferenceliesforparticipants.

C.Thethermalliedetectorwillproveapopularone.

D.Thethermalliedetectormayassistlawenforcement.

選D0推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，這項技術(shù)有望投入到司

法執(zhí)法過程中，綜合全文內(nèi)容，可知這項研究中的最大成果是測謊儀

的應(yīng)用O

B

ThefamousSpanishpainterPabloPicassooncesaid,Everychildis

anartist.Theproblemhehasishowtoremainanartistoncehegrows

up.〃

Thisisbothencouraginganddiscouraging.Thefactthatwewereall

borntobeartistsiscertainlyexciting,andyettherealityhasproventhat

remainingoneisataskthatmanyofushavefailed.

Fortunately,somepeoplehaveseentheproblemandwanttosolve

it.

Westerneducatorshavesuggestedthatweintroducetheconceptof

“STEAM"insteadof"STEM"—traditionalzzcoremajors,/includingscience,

technology,engineering,andmath—sincethe"A",whichstandsfor

"arts",isjustasimportant.

AndonApril11,China'sMinistryofEducationissuedaguideline.

Collegesanduniversitiesarerequiredtoprovidemoreart-relatedcourses

andstudentsneedtoearnacertainnumberofartcreditsinorderto

graduate.

Theseeffortswhichcameaftermanyscientificstudieshadfoundthat

arteducationhelpsstudentsdevelopself-confidenceandteamworkskills,

aswellashabitsofmindsuchasproblemsolvingandcriticalthinking,

accordingtoTheWashingtonPost.

It'struethatnoneoftheseskillstargetspecificjobs.Butasformer

USballetdancerDamianWoetzeltoldTheAtlantic,thepurposeofartis

“togivekidsthetoolstobecomeadultswhoarecreative,adaptable,

andexpressive-capableofhavingtheireyesandearsandsensesalive".

Andwecannowseehowwelosttrackofourborn“artistself"onourway

togrowingup:Wefailedtokeepourcapabilitiestosee,hearandfeel,

andbecameblind,deafandinsensitiveadults.

Hopefully,arteducationcanhelpturnthingsaround.

【文章大意】本文是一?篇議論文。西方教育工作者提出〃STEAM〃的概念,

說明〃藝術(shù)〃和其他的核心專業(yè)同樣重要。中國教育部也發(fā)布了準則,

要求高校提供更多與藝術(shù)相關(guān)的課程，學生需要獲得一定數(shù)量的藝術(shù)

學分才能畢業(yè)。藝術(shù)教育可以培養(yǎng)他們的自信、團隊合作精神及思維

習慣等。

4.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroduceafamousartist.

B.Tosummarizethewholepassage.

C.Toleadinthetopic.

D.Toencourageustobeartists.

選C。推理判斷題。文章第一段借用西班牙著名畫家PabloPicasso說過

的話Everychildisanartist.Theproblemhehasishowtoremainanartist

oncehegrowsup.”是為了引出下文的關(guān)于孩子應(yīng)該接受藝術(shù)教育的話

題。故選C項。

5.WhatcanwepredictfromtheguidelineissuedbyChina,sMinistryof

education?

A.Moreart-relatedcourseswillappearinallschools.

B.Collegestudentswillhavetogainenoughartcreditstograduate.

C.Morestudentswillmajorinartatcollegesanduniversities.

D.Artwillbecomemuchmoreimportantthanscience.

選Bo細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Collegesanduniversitiesarerequired

toprovidemoreart-relatedcoursesandstudentsneedtoearnacertain

numberofartcreditsinordertograduate.”可知，根據(jù)中國教育部發(fā)布

的準則，高校學生需要獲得一定量的藝術(shù)學分才能畢業(yè)。故選B項。

6.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Everychildisanartist

B.Bringingarttolife

C.Learningfromtheartists

D.Lifeisart

選B。主旨大意題。文章主題是應(yīng)該發(fā)展藝術(shù)教育，讓藝術(shù)重回我們的

生活。所以短文的最佳標題是〃讓藝術(shù)重回我們的生活〃。故選B項。

C

ItiswithmixedemotionsthatIwenttotheyoungcriminalcenter

everyfewmonthstogivevaccinations（接種疫苗）.Ontheonehand,I

feelluckytobeabletoprovideaservicethatmayhaveapositivehealth

effectontheresidents.But,ontheotherhand,Ifeelasenseof

sadnessanddisappointmentasIseetheprisonersbeingescorted（押送）

byguardstothenursingunit.

Mylastvisitwasverymemorable.Forsomereason,therewasa

lightnessintheair.Morethaneverbefore,IfeltalightnessasIspoke

witheachperson.Wesharedstoriesandsmilesandfears.Eventhe

toughestprisonersseemedtobesurroundedbylight.Asamother,Isaw

themasnotonlyyouth,beingpunishedforcrimes,butalsoaschildren

whohavethepotentialtochangeforthebetter.Mostofthemwantedto

talklonger!Theywerereachingouttous!Itfeltright.

Therewasonemoreprisoner.Hewaslimitedtoadifferentunitina

lonelycell.Wewereaskedifwewereokaygoingdownthere.Wesaidthat

wewere.Twoguardsescortedusdownandwhenweenteredthearea,

instanttearswelledupinmyeyes.Theareawassad.Theseguardsdidn't

smile.Weenteredthecellandhadtomakedowithwhatwasthere.

WeweredonebutIdidn'twanttoleave.Igavethe17-year-olda

gentletouchandsmileasIexplainedwhattodoregardingthesideeffects.

Atfirst,therewasnoresponse,soIjustlookeddownathisbarefeet

andthentomysupplies.IthoughtthatIhadbetterpackup.Suddenly,

helookedupatmeandsmiledbeforehesaid“Thanks“andthenhegave

meathumbs-up.Ismiledbackandsaid,"You'rewelcome.Takecareof

yourself."

Itwaswonderfultoreceiveakindresponsefromsomeonewhowas

insuchaharshplace.Aswewalkedbacktothemainentrance,wedidn'

tspeak.Wheretherecanbeasmile,thereishope.Sometimessmiles

canbeverypowerful.

【文章大意】本篇是一篇記敘文，講述了作者到青年犯罪中心為這些年

輕的罪犯打疫苗的經(jīng)歷。

7.Whatcanweknowabouttheyoungintheyoungcriminalcenter?

A.Theyreceivedregularmedicalservice.

B.Theyweretreatedunfairly.

C.Theystayedinbadconditions.

D.Theywereforcedtotaketreatment.

選Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"ItiswithmixedemotionsthatIwent

totheyoungcriminalcentereveryfewmonthstogivevaccinations.〃可知,

作者每隔幾個月就會去給這些年輕的罪犯接種疫苗，這說明這些年輕

人接受了定期的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。

8.Whatwasspecialaboutthecenterthelasttimetheauthorwentthere?

A.Shewasaskedtosharestories.

B.Everyprisonerwaskindtoher.

C.Theyoungpeopletalkedfreely.

D.Shesensedarelaxingatmosphere.

選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段