《安全員》TheSecurity第二章施工現(xiàn)場安全管理Chapter2ConstructionSiteSafetyManagement第一節(jié)施工現(xiàn)場安全管理要求Section1SafetyManagementRequirementsforConstructionSites1．一般工程的施工現(xiàn)場基本要求1.Basicrequirementsforconstructionsiteofgeneralengineering1)開工前，在施工組織設計(或施工方案)中，必須有詳細的施工平面布置圖。運輸?shù)缆?、臨時用電線路布置、各種管道、倉庫、加工車間(作業(yè)場所)，主要機械設備位置及工地辦公、生活設施等臨時工程的安排，均要符合安全要求。1)Beforestartingconstruction,adetailedconstructionlayoutplanmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesign(orconstructionplan).Thearrangementoftransportationroads,temporarypowerlines,variouspipelines,warehouses,processingworkshops(workplaces),mainmechanicalequipmentlocations,andtemporaryengineeringsuchasofficeandlivingfacilitiesontheconstructionsitemustcomplywithsafetyrequirements.(1)平面布置(1)Planelayout2)工地四周應有與外界隔離的圍護設置，人口處一般應有(特殊工程工地除外)工程名稱、施工單位名稱牌，并設置施工現(xiàn)場平面布置圖、施工概況表(或稱“施工公告”)、安全紀律(或“施工現(xiàn)場安全管理規(guī)定”)。使進入該工地的人，能對該工程的概況有一個基本了解和注意安全的忠告。2)Thereshouldbeanenclosurearoundtheconstructionsitethatisisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.Generally,thereshouldbeasignboardfortheprojectnameandconstructionunitnameinthepopulationarea(excludingspecialconstructionsites),andaconstructionsitelayoutplan,constructionoverviewtable(or"constructionannouncement"),andsafetydiscipline(or"constructionsitesafetymanagementregulations")shouldbesetup.Enablethosewhoentertheconstructionsitetohaveabasicunderstandingoftheprojectoverviewandprovidesafetyadvice.3)工地排水設施應全面規(guī)劃，排水溝的截面及坡度應進行計算，其設置不得妨礙交通和影響工地周圍環(huán)境。排水溝還應經(jīng)常清理疏浚，保持暢通。3)Thedrainagefacilitiesontheconstructionsiteshouldbecomprehensivelyplanned,andthecross-sectionandslopeofthedrainageditchshouldbecalculated.Itssettingshouldnothindertrafficoraffectthesurroundingenvironmentoftheconstructionsite.Thedrainageditchshouldalsoberegularlycleanedanddredgedtomaintainsmoothness.1)工地的人行道、車行道應堅實平坦，保持暢通。主要道路應與主要臨時建筑物的道路連通。場內(nèi)運輸?shù)缆窇M量減少彎道和交叉點。頻繁的交叉處，必須設有明顯的警告標志，或設臨時交通指揮(指揮人員或指揮信號)。1)Thesidewalksandroadwaysontheconstructionsiteshouldbesolidandflat,andkeptunobstructed.Themainroadsshouldbeconnectedtotheroadsofthemaintemporarybuildings.Thetransportationroadswithinthesiteshouldminimizebendsandintersectionsasmuchaspossible.Atfrequentintersections,obviousWarningsignmustbesetup,ortemporarytrafficcommanders(commandersorcommandsignals)mustbesetup.2)工地通道不得任意挖掘或截斷。如因工程需要，必須開挖時，有關(guān)部門應事先協(xié)調(diào)，統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃。同時將通過道路的溝渠，搭設安全牢固的橋板。2)Accesstotheconstructionsiteshallnotbearbitrarilyexcavatedorcutoff.Ifexcavationisnecessaryduetoengineeringneeds,relevantdepartmentsshouldcoordinateandplaninadvance.Atthesametime,safeandsturdybridgeslabswillbeerectedthroughtheditchesoftheroad.(2)道路運輸(2)Roadtransportation1)工地的人行道、車行道應堅實平坦，保持暢通。主要道路應與主要臨時建筑物的道路連通。場內(nèi)運輸?shù)缆窇M量減少彎道和交叉點。頻繁的交叉處，必須設有明顯的警告標志，或設臨時交通指揮(指揮人員或指揮信號)。1)Thesidewalksandroadwaysontheconstructionsiteshouldbesolidandflat,andkeptunobstructed.Themainroadsshouldbeconnectedtotheroadsofthemaintemporarybuildings.Thetransportationroadswithinthesiteshouldminimizebendsandintersectionsasmuchaspossible.Atfrequentintersections,obviousWarningsignmustbesetup,ortemporarytrafficcommanders(commandersorcommandsignals)mustbesetup.2)工地通道不得任意挖掘或截斷。如因工程需要，必須開挖時，有關(guān)部門應事先協(xié)調(diào)，統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃。同時將通過道路的溝渠，搭設安全牢固的橋板。2)Accesstotheconstructionsiteshallnotbearbitrarilyexcavatedorcutoff.Ifexcavationisnecessaryduetoengineeringneeds,relevantdepartmentsshouldcoordinateandplaninadvance.Atthesametime,safeandsturdybridgeslabswillbeerectedthroughtheditchesoftheroad.(2)道路運輸(2)Roadtransportation1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、預制構(gòu)件、施工設施構(gòu)件等)都應該按施工平面布置圖規(guī)定的地點分類堆放整齊穩(wěn)固。各類材料的堆放不得超過規(guī)定高度。嚴禁靠近場地圍護柵欄及其他建筑物墻壁堆置，且其間距應在50cm以上，兩頭空間應予封閉，防止有人人內(nèi)，發(fā)生意外傷害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀釋劑和其他對職工健康有害物質(zhì)，應該存放在通風良好、嚴禁煙火的專用倉庫。瀝青應放置在干燥、通氣的場所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作業(yè)中使用剩余器材及現(xiàn)場拆下來的模板、腳手架桿件和余料、廢料等都應隨時清理回收，并且將釘子拔掉或者打彎再分類集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、預制構(gòu)件、施工設施構(gòu)件等)都應該按施工平面布置圖規(guī)定的地點分類堆放整齊穩(wěn)固。各類材料的堆放不得超過規(guī)定高度。嚴禁靠近場地圍護柵欄及其他建筑物墻壁堆置，且其間距應在50cm以上，兩頭空間應予封閉，防止有人人內(nèi)，發(fā)生意外傷害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀釋劑和其他對職工健康有害物質(zhì)，應該存放在通風良好、嚴禁煙火的專用倉庫。瀝青應放置在干燥、通氣的場所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作業(yè)中使用剩余器材及現(xiàn)場拆下來的模板、腳手架桿件和余料、廢料等都應隨時清理回收，并且將釘子拔掉或者打彎再分類集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、預制構(gòu)件、施工設施構(gòu)件等)都應該按施工平面布置圖規(guī)定的地點分類堆放整齊穩(wěn)固。各類材料的堆放不得超過規(guī)定高度。嚴禁靠近場地圍護柵欄及其他建筑物墻壁堆置，且其間距應在50cm以上，兩頭空間應予封閉，防止有人人內(nèi)，發(fā)生意外傷害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀釋劑和其他對職工健康有害物質(zhì)，應該存放在通風良好、嚴禁煙火的專用倉庫。瀝青應放置在干燥、通氣的場所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作業(yè)中使用剩余器材及現(xiàn)場拆下來的模板、腳手架桿件和余料、廢料等都應隨時清理回收，并且將釘子拔掉或者打彎再分類集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking安全設施如安全網(wǎng)、洞口蓋板、護欄、防護罩、各種限制保險裝置都必須齊全有效，并且不得擅自拆除或移動，因施工確實需要移動時，必須經(jīng)工地施工管理負責人同意，并需采取相應的臨時安全措施，在完工后立即復原。Safetyfacilitiessuchassafetynets,holecovers,guardrails,protectivecovers,andvariousrestrictedinsurancedevicesmustbecompleteandeffective,andmustnotberemovedormovedwithoutauthorization.Whenconstructiondoesrequiremovement,itmustbeapprovedbytheconstructionmanagementresponsiblepersonontheconstructionsite,andcorrespondingtemporarysafetymeasuresmustbetaken,andimmediatelyrestoredaftercompletion.(4)施工現(xiàn)場的安全設施(4)Safetyfacilitiesattheconstructionsite施工現(xiàn)場除應設置安全宣傳標語牌外，危險部位還必須懸掛按照GB32893-82《安全色》和GB32894-82《安全標志》規(guī)定的標牌。夜間有人經(jīng)過的坑洞等處還應設紅燈示警。Inadditiontosettingupsafetypropagandasignsontheconstructionsite,dangerousareasmustalsohangsignsinaccordancewithGB32893-82"SafetyColors"andGB32894-82"SafetySigns".Redlightsshouldalsobesetuptowarnpeoplepassingthroughpitsandotherplacesatnight.(5)安全標牌(5)Safetysigns(1)特殊工程系指工程本身的特殊性或工程所在區(qū)域的特殊性或采用的施工工藝、方法有特殊要求的工程。有的是整體工程屬于特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場，也有的僅是分部分項工程屬于特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場。(1)Specialengineeringreferstoprojectsthathavespecialcharacteristicsoftheprojectitselfortheareawheretheprojectislocated,orhavespecialrequirementsfortheconstructionprocessandmethodsused.Someoftheoverallprojectsbelongtospecialengineeringconstructionsites,whileothersareonlysubprojectsbelongingtospecialengineeringconstructionsites.2．特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場基本要求2.Basicrequirementsforspecialengineeringconstructionsites1)編制特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理制度并向參加施工的全體職工進行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)強化安全監(jiān)督檢查制度，并認真做好安全日記。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場周圍要設置圍護，要有出入制度并設門衛(wèi)(值班人員)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:1)編制特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理制度并向參加施工的全體職工進行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)強化安全監(jiān)督檢查制度，并認真做好安全日記。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場周圍要設置圍護，要有出入制度并設門衛(wèi)(值班人員)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:1)編制特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理制度并向參加施工的全體職工進行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)強化安全監(jiān)督檢查制度，并認真做好安全日記。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場周圍要設置圍護，要有出入制度并設門衛(wèi)(值班人員)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)對于從事危險作業(yè)的人員要進行安全檢測和設置監(jiān)護。如在容器內(nèi)、地下室，特別是作防水、防腐蝕涂料、油漆、爆破、吊裝拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要備有滅火、防爆炸等的器材物資。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工現(xiàn)場應設醫(yī)務室或派醫(yī)務人員。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)對于從事危險作業(yè)的人員要進行安全檢測和設置監(jiān)護。如在容器內(nèi)、地下室，特別是作防水、防腐蝕涂料、油漆、爆破、吊裝拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要備有滅火、防爆炸等的器材物資。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工現(xiàn)場應設醫(yī)務室或派醫(yī)務人員。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)對于從事危險作業(yè)的人員要進行安全檢測和設置監(jiān)護。如在容器內(nèi)、地下室，特別是作防水、防腐蝕涂料、油漆、爆破、吊裝拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要備有滅火、防爆炸等的器材物資。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工現(xiàn)場應設醫(yī)務室或派醫(yī)務人員。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工現(xiàn)場安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，還應根據(jù)特殊工程的性質(zhì)、施工特點、要求等制定有針對性的安全管理和安全技術(shù)措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:把“綜合治理”充實到安全生產(chǎn)方針當中，始于黨的十六屆五中全會上的《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十一個五年規(guī)劃的建議》，并在胡錦濤總書記、溫家寶總理的講話中得到了進一步明確。這一完善和發(fā)展，更好地反映了安全生產(chǎn)工作的規(guī)律和特點。綜合運用經(jīng)濟手段、法律手段和必要的行政手段，從發(fā)展規(guī)劃、行業(yè)管理、安全投入、科技進步、經(jīng)濟政教育培訓、安全立法、激勵約束、企業(yè)管理、監(jiān)管體制、社會監(jiān)督以及追究事故責任、査處違法違紀等方面著手，解決影響制約安全生產(chǎn)的歷史性、深層次問題，建立安全生產(chǎn)的長效機制。The"comprehensivemanagement"approachtoproductionsafetybeganattheFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee's"ProposalfortheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment"andwasfurtherclarifiedinthespeechesofGeneralSecretaryHuJintaoandPremierWenJiabao.Thisrefinementanddevelopmentbetterreflectsthelawsandcharacteristicsofworkinproductionsafety.Thecomprehensiveuseofeconomic,legalandnecessaryadministrativemeans,fromdevelopmentplanning,industrymanagement,safetyinvestment,scientificandtechnologicalprogress,economicandpoliticaleducationandtraining,safetylegislation,incentivesandconstraints,enterprisemanagement,regulatorysystem,socialsupervision,aswellasthepursuitofresponsibilityforaccidents,investigationandpunishmentofviolationsoflawanddiscipline,etc.,tosolvethehistoricalanddeep-rootedproblemsaffectingtheconstraintsonproductionsafety,andestablishalong-termmechanismforproductionsafety.綜合治理Comprehensivegovernance(1)在編制施工組織設計(或施工方案)時，應有消防安全要求。如施工現(xiàn)場平面布置、暫設工程(臨時建筑)搭建位置、用火用電和易燃易爆物品的安全管理、工地消防設施和消防責任制等都應按消防要求周密考慮和落實。(1)Whenpreparingtheconstructionorganizationdesign(orconstructionplan),thereshouldbefiresafetyrequirements.Thelayoutoftheconstructionsite,thelocationoftemporaryconstructionprojects(temporarybuildings),thesafetymanagementoffire,electricity,andflammableandexplosivematerials,thefireprotectionfacilitiesandfireresponsibilitysystemontheconstructionsiteshouldbecarefullyconsideredandimplementedinaccordancewithfireprotectionrequirements.(2)施工現(xiàn)場要明確劃分用火作業(yè)區(qū)、易燃、可燃材料堆放場、倉庫、易燃廢品集中點和生活區(qū)等。各區(qū)域之間間距要符合防火規(guī)定。(2)Theconstructionsiteshouldbeclearlydividedintohotworkareas,flammableandcombustiblematerialstorageareas,warehouses,flammablewasteconcentrationpoints,andlivingareas.Thespacingbetweeneachareashouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations.3．防火3.Fireprevention1)臨時宿舍盡可能搭建在離開建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高壓架空線路下方，應和高壓架空線路保持安全距離。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人數(shù)，不宜超過100人，每25人要有一個可直接出入的門，門寬不少于1．2m，同時門必須向外開。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚內(nèi)頂高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或臨時宿舍的搭建及間距要符合防火規(guī)定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:1)臨時宿舍盡可能搭建在離開建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高壓架空線路下方，應和高壓架空線路保持安全距離。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人數(shù)，不宜超過100人，每25人要有一個可直接出入的門，門寬不少于1．2m，同時門必須向外開。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚內(nèi)頂高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或臨時宿舍的搭建及間距要符合防火規(guī)定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:1)臨時宿舍盡可能搭建在離開建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高壓架空線路下方，應和高壓架空線路保持安全距離。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人數(shù)，不宜超過100人，每25人要有一個可直接出入的門，門寬不少于1．2m，同時門必須向外開。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚內(nèi)頂高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或臨時宿舍的搭建及間距要符合防火規(guī)定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:4)一切架空電線均須用固定瓷瓶絕緣，電線穿過墻壁時，必須從瓷管硬塑料管內(nèi)通過。4)Alloverheadwiresmustbeinsulatedwithfixedporcelainbottles.Whenwirespassthroughwalls,theymustpassthroughhardplasticpipesinporcelaintubes.6)倉庫、木工棚及易燃易爆物堆(存)放等處，應張貼(懸掛)醒目的防火標志。6)Clearfiresafetysignsshouldbeposted(hung)inwarehouses,woodworkingsheds,andplaceswhereflammableandexplosivematerialsarestored.5)明火作業(yè)必須經(jīng)有關(guān)部門批準后，才可動火。5)Hotworkmustbeapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsbeforehotworkcanbecarriedout.(3)工棚或臨時宿舍的搭建及間距要符合防火規(guī)定：(3)