專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷40

一、閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

Didyouknowthatallhumanbeingshavea"comfortzone"regulating（hedistancethey

standfromsomeonewhentheytalk?Thisdistancevariesininterestingwaysamong

peopleofdifferentcultures.Greeks,olhersofiheEaslemMedilerranean.andmanyof

thosefromSouthAmericanoimallystandquitecloselogetherwhentheytalk,often

movingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversalion.NorthAmericansfind

thisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.Studieshavefoundthattheytendtofeel

mostcomfortableatabout21inchesapart.InmuchofAsiaandAfrica,thereiseven

morespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreaterspacesubtlylendsanair

ofdignityandrespect.Thismatterofspaceisnearlyalwaysunconscious,butitis

interestingtoobserve.Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesit

together,theextentthattheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,howtheymoveas

（heyargueormakeanemphaticpoint.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletryto

keeptheirbodiesaparteveninacrowdedelevator:inParistheytakeitasitcomes!

AlthoughNorthAmericanshavearelativelywide"comfortzone"fortalking,they

communicateagreatdealwiththeirhands—notonlywithgesturebutalsowithtouch.

Theyputasympathetichandonaperson1sshouldertodemonstratewarmthoffeelingor

anarmaroundhiminsympathy;theynudge（用肘輕推）amanintheribstoemphasizea

funnystory;theypatanarminreassuranceorstrokeachild'sheadinaffection;they

readilytakesomeone'sarmtohelphimacrossastreetordirecthimalonganunfamiliar

route.Tomanypeople—especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries—suchbody

contactisunwelcome,especiallyifinadvertently（彳3主席:地）donewithlefthand.Theleft

handcarriesnospecialsignificanceintheUS..ManyAmericansarcsimplyleft-handed

andusethathandmore.

1、Intermsofbodydistance,NorthAmericans.

A、aresimilartoSouthAmericans

B、standfartherapart

C、feelillateasewhentooclose

D^movenearerduringconversation

標準答案：C

知識點解析：題干關(guān)鍵詞"NoahAmericans”定位至第二段第二句"NorthAmericans

findthisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.”北美人發(fā)現(xiàn)這（指前文說的“談話

時靠得很近，甚至達到面對面的程度”）很尷尬并且常退后幾英寸。awkward與illat

ease同義，所以C正確。

2、ForAsians,thecomfortzone.

A^isdeliberatelydetermined

B、measures21inches

C、variesaccordingtostatus

D、impliesesteem

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵訶'Asians”定位至第二段后面部分“InmuchofAsiaand

Africa,thereisevenmorespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreater

spacesubtlylendsanairofdignityandrespect.Thismatterofspaceisncarlyalways

unconscious.”大意為：在談話時，亞洲人之間的距離更大，并且距離空間越大越

顯示出一種尊重的氛圍。人們保持這樣的距離常常是無意識的。所以D正確。

3、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinacrowdedelevator,aFrenchman

would.

A、behaveinthesamewayasanAmericanwould

B、makenoparticularefforttodistancehimself

C、beafraidofbodycontact

D、dohisbesttoleave

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞“crowdedelevator”和“Frenchman”定位至第三段最后一

句“IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletrytokeeptheirbodiesapartevenina

crowdedelevator：inParistheytakeitasitcomes!”在擁擠的電梯里，美國人盡量讓他

們的身體分開一些；而在巴黎，人們比較隨意!所以B正確。

4、WhenAmericanstellajoke,theyoften.

A、patpeopleonthehead

B、givepeopleahug

C、digpeopleintheribs

D、touchpeopleonthearm

標準答案：C

知以點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Americanstellajoke”定位至最后一段第二句“…they

nudgeamanintheribstoemphasizeafunnystory...”.......他們(美國人)在強調(diào)一個有

趣的故事時，常常碰一下談話對象的肋骨……0所以C正確。

5、Whichof(hefollowingis(rueabout"left-handedness"?

A、TheAsiansarclikelytopatanarminreassurancewithlefthand.

B、PeopleintheUSAareallleft-handed.

C、PeopleinMoslemcountriestendtouselefthand.

D、Japanesearclesslikelytouselefthand.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)eft-handedness”定位至最后一段最后兩句"Tomany

people-especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries------suchbodycontactis

unwelcome,especiallyifinadvertentlydonewithlefthand.Thelefthandcarriesno

specialsignificanceintheU.S.ManyAmericansaresimplyleft—handedanduse

（hathandmore."刈于一些人來說——特別是來自亞洲和伊斯蘭國家的人——這樣

的身體接觸（上文提到的如輕拍胳膊表示確信等）是不受歡迎的，尤其是有人不小心

用左手做了這些動作。在美國，用左手沒有特殊的含義，很多美國人就是左撇子，

用左手的機會更多。由“Tomanypcople-especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslem

countries-----suchbodycontactisunwelcome”可知，D正確，A、C不正確：由

ManyAmericansaresimplyleft—handed可知，B不正確。

Therearetwomainchangescomparingwiththepast.First,tlicrcarenewdefinitionsof

whatmancanachieve,ofwhatahumanstandardoflifeshouldbe.Inrecenttimesthis

hasbeenparticularlytruesincetechnologyhasconsistentlybroadenedman'spotential,it

hasmadealonger,healthier,betterlifepossible.Thus,intermsofwhatistechnically

possible,wehavehigheraspirations.Thosewhosufferlevelsoflifewellbelow【hose

thatarepossible,eventhoughtheylivebetterthanmedievalknights（中世名己騎士）or

Asianpeasants,arcpoor.Relatedtothistechnologicaladvanceisthesocialdefinitionof

poverty.TheAmericanrichinHongKongorinthesixteenthcenturyarcpoorhereand

nowintheUnitedStates.Theyarcdispossessedingmsofwhattherestofthenations

enjoy,intermsofwhatthesocietycouldDrovideifithadthewill.Theyliveonthe

fringe,themargin.Theywatchthemoviesandreadthemagazinesofaffluent（豐富

的）American,andthesewilltellthem（hattheyareinternalexiles（放逐）.Andfinally,one

ofthereasonsthat（heincomefiguresshowfewerpeopletodaywithlowincomesthan20

yearsagoisthatmorewivesareworkingnow,andfamilyincomehasrisenasaresult.In

1940,15%ofwiveswereinthelaborforce;in1957thefigurewas30%.Thismeansthat

（herewasmoremoneyand,presumably（大概）,lesspoverty.Yetatremendousgrowthin

thenumberoftheimpoverishment（貧窮）ofhomelife,ofchildrenwhoreceivelesscare,

love,andsupervision.Thisonefact,forinstance,mightwellplayasignificantroleinthe

problemsoftheyounginAmerica.Itcouldmeanthatwchavemadeanimprovementin

incomestatisticsatthecosto:hurtingthousandsandthousandsofchildren.Ifaperson

hasmoneybutachievesthisthroughmortgagingthefuture,whoistosaythatheorsheis

nolongerpoor?

6、Inrecenttimes,asfarastechnologyisconcerned,thosewhoarepoor.

A、livebetterthanAsianpeasants

B、leadbetterlivesthanmedievalknights

C、cannotachievethelivingstandardthattechnologycanmake

D、havenoaspiration

標準答案：C

知識點解析：C選項所表達的意思與第一段最后一句中的“...sufferlevelsoflifeweH

belowihosethalarepossible”一致，故選C（參見難句分析）。A、B雖然正確，但不是

就技術(shù)而言的，所以排除；D為干擾項，原文第四句中出現(xiàn)了“wchavehigher

aspiration”，但這里的we是一個寬泛的概念，不是只針對富人或窮人而言的，跟

題干所問的不相干。

7、Inthesecondparagraph,"theyareinternalexiles"implies.

A、theirinternalfeelingsarcdifferentfromtherestofnation

B、theyarediscriminatedbytherestofthenation

Onestudyshows(ha(Americansprefertoanswerwithabrief"Yes","No","Sure",or

theverypopular"Yeah"ratherthanwithalongerreply.Butbriefrepliesdonotmean

Americansareimpoliteorunfriendlytosomeextent.Veryoften,Americansareina

hurryandmaygreetyouwithasingleword"Hi",indeed;thisisagreetingyouwillhear

againandagainduringyourstayintheUnitedStates.Itisusedbyeveryone,regardless

ofrank,ageoroccupation.However,thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemorelimebeforethey色elcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk.

Americanssometimesuseplaintalkwhentheyareuncomfortable.I\peoplepraise(hem

or【hankiheminanespeciallypolileway,(heymaybecomeuncomforlableandnoiknow

whatlosayinreply.Theydon'twanttobeimpoliteorrude,andyoucanbesurethat

(heylikedwhatwassaidaboutthem.Exceptforcertainholidays,suchasChristmas,

Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.Thus,youwillfindAmericansembarrassedasthey

acceptgifts,especiallyiftheyhavenothingtogiveinreturn.Theyaregenerallyawarm

butinformalpeople.

11、ThefactthatAmericanslikeshorteranswerstellsus.

A、theyreplyveryquicklyinahurry

B、theychoosewordstoocarefully

C^theylikereplyingbriefly

D、theywanttobeaspoliteastheycan

標準答案：C

知識點解析:文中第"句提了"OnestudyshowsthatAmcricansprefertoanswerwitha

brief'Yes5,'No',4Sure\ortheverypopular'Yeah'ratherthanwithalongerreply.”

一次調(diào)杳顯示美國人更喜歡用簡短的回答，與C項相符，A項在文中也可找到，

但是并不符合題意。B、D兩項在文章中都未提及。

12、Thosewholikeusingbeautifulorformalwords.

A^needmoretimetogetusedtoAmericansimplegreeting

B、neednotimetogetfamiliarwithAmericangreeting

C、donotverymuchlikeAmericanwayofgreeting

D、thinkAmericansarenotpolitewhatever

標準答案:A

知識點解析：第一段最后一句說，“thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimplelalk”“那些習

慣了較長問候的人們可能需要更長一些時間來適應(yīng)美國人簡短的談話“，所以A項

符合題意。

13、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A^Americansoftenanswerwiththewordslike"Sure","Yeah".

B、Theyarcnotimpolitewitlibriefreplies.

C、Americansinhighranksmustuseformalwordsingreeting.

D、Americansareawarmbutinformalpeople.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題考查考生刈文章的理解。第一段倒數(shù)第二句說Misusedby

everyone,regardlessofrank,ageoroccupation.”“人們不分官職、年齡或是職業(yè)，

都使用簡短的對話。”C項說“美國高官職的人都必須用正式用語”，與文章不符。

A、B和D三項都可以從文章第一段中找到依據(jù)。故選C。

14>TheAmericanslikeothers'praisebutifinapoliteway.

A、theydon'tknowwhattosayinreply

B、theyfeelsomewhatuneasy

C^theydon'twanttoreply

D、bothAandB

標準答案；D

知識點解析：第二段的第二、ZS句說“Ifpeoplepraisethemorthanktheminan

especiallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknowwhattosayin

reply.x如果有人用一種很禮貌的方式贊揚或是感謝美國人的話，他們會感到不自

在，而且不知如何應(yīng)答?！盇項說“他們不知如何應(yīng)答”，B項說“他們感到不舒服/

不自然“，都符合題意，C項在原文中找不到依據(jù)。

15、Thepassageindicatesthat.

A^Americansexchangegiftsthefirsttimetheymeet

B、Americansseldomgivegiftsexceptforsomeholidays

C-.Americansoftenbringsomegiftstotheirfriends

Americansonlywanttogetgiftsfromothers

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題考查考生對全文意思的把握。第二段第四句說“Exceptforcertain

holidays,suchasChristmas,Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.""除了像圣誕節(jié)這

樣的節(jié)日之外，美國人不經(jīng)常送禮物。''與B項相符合。A、C和D三項都在原文

中找不到依據(jù)，所以不正確。

IftheEuropeansthoughtadrought—alongperiodofdryweather—wassomethingthat

happenedonlyinAfrica,theyknowbetternow.Afterfouryearsofbclow-normal

rainfall（insomecasesonly10percentoftheannualaverage）,vastareasofFrance,Spain,

Portugal,Belgium,BritainandIrelandaredryandbarren（貧瘠）.Waterissolowinthe

canalsofnorthernFrancethatwaterwaytrafficisforbiddenexceptonweekends.

Oysler（牡蠣）growsinBrittanyreporta30percentdropinproductionbecauseof（heloss

offreshwaterinlocalriversnecessaryforoysterbreeding.InsoutheasternEngland,the

rollinggreenhillsofKenthaveturnedsobrownthatofficialshavebeenweighingplans

topipeinwaterfromWales.InPortugal,farmersinthesouthernAlentejoregionhave

heldprayermeetingforrain一sofar,invain.Governmentsindrought-spreadcountries

aretakingseveremeasures.Authoritiesinhard-hitareasofFrancehavebannedwashing

carsandwateringlawns.InBritain,waterwillsoonbemetered,likegasandelectricity.

"TheEnglishhavealwaystakenwaterforgranted,"saysGrahamWarren,aspokesman

ofBritain*sNationalRiversAuthority.''NowthcyYcputtingapriceonit."Evena

suddenendtothedroughtwouldnotendthemiseryinsomeareas.【twilltakeseveral

yeaisofunusuaHyheavywirrerrain,iheexpenssay,jusiiobringexisiingwa〔erreserves

upto由eirnoimallevels.

16、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"(heyknowbetternow?"

A、Theyknowmoreaboutthecausesofthedrought.

B、TheyhaveabetterunderstandingofthedroughtinAfrica.

C^Theyhaverealizedthat(hedroughtinEuropeisthemostseriousone.

D、TheyhaverealizedthatdioughtshitnotonlyAfricahutalsoEurope.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：答案在第一段第一句話：IftheEuropeansthoughtadrought------along

periodofdryweather-wassomethingthathappenedonlyinAfrica,theyknowbetter

now.“如果歐洲人認為干旱天氣只會出現(xiàn)在非洲的話，那么他們現(xiàn)在更清楚地知

道了，情況并非如此?！耙虼耍瑃heyknowbetternow意為“theyhaverealizedthat

droughtshitnotonlyAfricabutalsoEurope.”“歐洲人已經(jīng)意識到干旱不僅會襲擊非

洲也會出現(xiàn)在歐洲?！?/p>

17>ThedroughtinEuropehasbroughtaboutall(hefollowingproblems

EXCEPT

A^hclow-normalrainfall

B、difficultnavigation

C、asharpdropinoysterharvest

D、honc-dryhill

標準答案：A

知識點解析：答案在第一段，從第三句到本段結(jié)束后可看出歐洲的干旱引起了以下