題型二七選五命題點(diǎn)5段首句·邏輯分析【考向研析】考向1段落標(biāo)題其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同。選項(xiàng)應(yīng)短小精悍,多為名詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句考向2段落主題如章首或段首設(shè)空,一般考查文章或段落主題考向3段落過渡如首段之后的段首設(shè)空,一般是考查承上啟下的過渡語句【真題研磨】【考向1】段落標(biāo)題【典例展示】(2023·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)·__39__

Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“Thisismerelyunfortable,notintolerable.”You’llthengraduallybeemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheunfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyunfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【解題思維】·第一步確定本題考查對段落小標(biāo)題的選擇。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是作者給出的如何做一個(gè)有耐心的人的建議之一,是文章第五段的小標(biāo)題。·第二步厘清下文段落中的主題思想,根據(jù)段落中的Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.可知,本段的話題是“舒適區(qū)”,再聯(lián)系最后一句可知,作者建議盡量接受可忍受的不舒適的情況。·第三步根據(jù)考點(diǎn)和原文相關(guān)語境可知,本段的段落主題是“接受不舒適的情況”。試填答案:__C__

【考向2】段落主題【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·節(jié)選)·__39__Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.

A.Getoutofyourfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlyeswithrepetition.【解題思維】·第一步確定本題的考點(diǎn)為考查段落主題句。·第二步分析設(shè)空處,位于段首,是本段的中心句。根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可以推斷出此處是一個(gè)祈使句。然后下文提到:尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對于你的成長非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品,并因此結(jié)識了一些最友好的人。由此可知,本段主要講述的是分享自己的作品。·第三步根據(jù)考點(diǎn)和本段語境可知,在本段中作者建議“如果你感覺舒適的話,分享你的作品”。試填答案:__D__

【考向3】段落過渡【典例展示】 (2021·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectlygoodbutyou’remaybealittlesickofthemclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?__16__.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearepetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解題思維】·第一步確定本題考查段落過渡句。·第二步確定上下文意思。本題前句“Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectlygoodbutyou’remaybealittlesickofthemclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?(那么,該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的雖完好但可能你有點(diǎn)厭倦的衣服呢?)·第三步分析可知,本題前句提出問題,后句指出這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里得到衣服并同時(shí)開派對的最好方法。試填答案:__B__

【考場技法】技法1把握形似,確定段落標(biāo)題句段落標(biāo)題句觀察其他段落標(biāo)題的句式結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的原則,縮小選擇范圍鎖定短小精悍的選項(xiàng),多為名詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句技法2根據(jù)一致,確定段落主題句段落主題句根據(jù)段落一致性原則,查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞,推斷出主題句鎖定線索信號詞,從選項(xiàng)中查找這些線索詞的同義詞、近義詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞正確答案與空后一句在意思上緊密銜接,在內(nèi)容上連貫且符合邏輯技法3瞻前顧后,確定段落過渡句段落過渡句研讀上一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是上一段結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容,使所選答案在內(nèi)容和邏輯上都能夠把兩段無縫銜接【多維演練】Test1體裁:說明文詞數(shù):260+68話題:兒童教育建議用時(shí):15分鐘Cookinggamesareafantasticwaytostimulateimaginativeplay.__1__Ithelpsthemdeveloptheircreativity,motorskills,language,andproblemsolvingability.Inthistextyouwillfindsomeinformationonhowonlinecookinggamesmayeducatethem.

Onlinecookinggamespromotemathsandreadingskills.Theactofcookingrequiresalotofcountingandmeasuring.Additionally,manyfreecookinggamesonlinerequirekidstoreadtherecipesorlistsofingredients.__2__

Onlinecookinggamesboostconfidenceandindependence.Whenkidstaketheinitiative,finishatask,orfollowdirectionscorrectly,theyfeelgoodaboutthemselvesandproudofwhatthey’vedone.__3__Inthegame,kidscanexperimentwithachef’sroleandmastertheirculinaryskillsintheworldofimagination.Whenkidshavetrustintheirownskills,theyaremorelikelytogrowupwithafeelingofconfidence,responsibilityandindependence.

__4__

Freeonlinecookinggamesencouragekidstotrynewthingsandthinkoutsidetheboxbylettingthemexperimentwithingredients,recipes,andpreparationmethods.Suchgamescanhelpkidsdevelopagrowthmindsetandcreativity.Onlinecookinggamescanimprovesocialskills.__5__Forexample,playingmultiplayerortwoplayergamesallowschildrentointeractwithothers,helpeachother,laughtogether,solveproblemsincooperation,andsoon.Thisisespeciallyconvenientfortimidorintrovertedkidswhohavedifficultyreachingouttoothersintherealworld.

A.Onlinecookinggamesforkidsnurturecreativity.B.Onlinecookinggamescanhelpkidswinfreedom.C.Mostcookinggamesofferaninbuiltsocialspace.D.Howdocookinggamespromotedevelopmentandlearning?E.Theyimprovetheirvocabularyandenhancetheirabilitytounderstand.F.Childrencanactoutreallifesituationsandbehaviorsthroughpretendplay.G.Forexample,creativegamessuchasCookingMadnessencouragepretendplay.答案:1~5.FEGACTest2體裁:說明文詞數(shù):268+117話題:拖延癥建議用時(shí):15分鐘Ifyouhaveeverhadtroublepersuadingyourselftodothingsyoushoulddoorwouldliketodo,youhaveexperiencedprocrastination.Ifyouareatypicalprocrastinator,perhapsyouspendanexcessiveamountoftimewatchingTV,playingvideogames,checkingFacebook,eating(evenwhenyou’renothungry),obsessivelycleaningorpacingbackandforththroughtheoffice.__1__Onceagain,youendupdoingnothing.Soundsfamiliar?

Lazypeopledon’tdoanythingandarejustfinewithit.__2__Theytrulywanttofulfiltheirobligationsbutjustcan’tfigureouthow.

__3__Relaxingrechargesyouwithenergy.Incontrast,procrastinatingdrainsitfromyou.Thelessenergyyouhave,thegreaterthechancesofyouputtingoffyourresponsibilities,and,oncemore,youwillacplishnothing.

Thestudiesonprocrastinationeverconductedindicatethatfailureoftheabilitytolistentoourselvesismostlikelythemainreasonwhyweputthingsoff.Thescientificnameofthisabilityisselfregulation.Selfregulationistheabilitytoconsciouslycontrolyouremotions.__4__Thankstothis,youwillprocrastinateless.Currentresearchindicatesthatwillpowercanbeparedtoamuscle.Itispossibletostrengthenitthroughtraining.

Toovereprocrastination,youneedtostartbysettingthebaraslowaspossible.Creatinghabitsisn’taboutquantity;it’saboutsmallstepsandregularrepetition.Bymakinggradualincreasesonceyoulearnanewhabit,youcanstrengthenyourwillpowermuscle.Asyouslowlyraisethebar,yourwillpowerwillgainstrength.__5__

A.Don’tconfuseprocrastinationwithrelaxation,either.B.Themorepowerfulitis,theeasieritwillbeforyoutomakeabreakthrough.C.Afterwards,youfeelpowerlessandareoverewithfeelingsofguiltandfrustration.D.Learninghowtodevelopgoodhabitsandkickbadonescanbeachievedbytakingsmallsteps.E.Ifyoutrainwillpowertoperformoneactivity,youcanuseitsstrengthtodootherthingsaswell.F.Procrastinators,however,havethedesiretoactuallydosomethingbutcan’tforcethemselvestostart.G.Themoredevelopedthisabilityis,themoreoftenyouwilldowhatyoutellyourselftodoandthebetteryouwillresisttemptation.答案:1~5.CFAGBTest3體裁:說明文詞數(shù):227+64話題:健康家庭建議用時(shí):15分鐘GetaHealthyHomeMostofushavespentmoretimeathomein2020thanweeverimaginedpossible.__1__Thesetipscanhelpmakeyourhomebetterforyourbodyandmind.

Takeoffyourshoesatyourdoor.Thinkaboutkeepingyourhomecleantheminuteyouwalkin.AUniversityofArizonastudyfoundthattheaverageshoecontainsnearly421,000differentbacteria(細(xì)菌),includingEscherichiacoliandstrep.Pesticides(殺蟲劑)andcleaningchemicalscanalsoeintoyourhomeviayourshoes.__2__

Freshenthewalls.Ifthewallsinyourhomefeelasifthey’reclosingin,maybeit’stimetofindanewcoatofpaint.__3__ResearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafoundthatblueboostscreativity,whileredincreasesa